Bukhuli lili ndi malamulo khumi a Linux omwe muyenera kudziwa kuti muthe kuyendayenda pakompyuta yanu pogwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako Linux.
Amapereka malamulo kuti apeze malonda omwe muli nawo, kalata yomwe munali kale, momwe mungayenderere ku mafoda ena, momwe mungabwerere kunyumba, momwe mungapangire mafayilo ndi mafoda, momwe mungalumikizire
01 pa 10
Ndi Foda Yomwe Inu Muli
Mukatsegula mawindo otsegula chinthu choyamba muyenera kudziwa ndikuti muli mu fayilo.
Ganizilani izi monga chizindikiro "muli pano" chimene mumapeza pamapu m'misika.
Kuti mudziwe foda yomwe muli nayo mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
pwd
Zotsatira zomwe abwerezedwa ndi pwd zingakhale zosiyana malingana ndi momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo cha pwd kapena chomwe chimayikidwa mu wanu / usr / bin directory.
Kawirikawiri, idzasindikiza china motsatira / nyumba / dzina .
Dinani apa kuti mudziwe zambiri za lamulo la pwd .
02 pa 10
Zomwe Files ndi Mafoda Ali Pansi pa Zamakono Zamakono
Tsopano kuti mudziwe foda yomwe muli, mungathe kuona ma fayilo ndi mafoda omwe ali pansi pa bukhu lamakono pogwiritsa ntchito ls command.
ls
Payekha, lamulo la ls lidzalemba mndandanda mafayilo ndi mafoda onse m'ndandanda kupatula omwe akuyamba ndi nthawi (.).
Kuti muwone mafayilo onse kuphatikizapo mafayilo obisika (omwe akuyamba ndi nthawi) mungagwiritse ntchito sewero lotsatira:
ls -a
Malamulo ena amapanga zosungira mafayilo omwe amayamba ndi metacharacter (~).
Ngati simukufuna kuwona zosungirazo pamene mukulemba mndandanda wa fayilo mu foda mutsegule:
ls -B
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kowonjezereka kwa ls command ndi motere:
ls -t
Izi zimapereka mndandanda wautali wosankhidwa ndi nthawi yosinthidwa, ndi yoyamba poyamba.
Zosankha zamtundu wina zimaphatikizapo poonjezera, kukula, ndi vesi:
l
ls -lX
ls
Mndandanda wautali wa ndandanda umakupatsani mfundo zotsatirazi:
- zilolezo
- nambala ya maofesi a fayilo (onaninso zovuta zogwirizana)
- mwini
- gulu lalikulu
- kukula kwa fayilo
- nthawi yomaliza yomaliza
- fayilo / foda / dzina lachinsinsi
03 pa 10
Mmene Mungayendere Ku Mafoda Ena
Kuti muyende kuzungulira fayilo yanu mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la cd .
Linux file system ndi dongosolo la mtengo. Pamwamba pa mtengo umatchulidwa ndi kupha (/).
Pansi pa mndandanda wa mizu, mudzapeza ena kapena mafoda awa onsewa.
- /
- bin
- boot
- cdrom
- dev
- ndi zina zotero
- kunyumba
- lib
- lib64
- yatayika + itapezeka
- zofalitsa
- mnt
- sankhani
- proc
- mizu
- kuthamanga
- sbin
- srv
- sys
- tmp
- var
- usr
Foda yamabuku ili ndi malamulo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wina aliyense monga cd command, ls, mkdir, ndi zina zotero.
Sbin ili ndi zolemba zadongosolo.
Foda ya usr imayimira maulendo a unix komanso imakhala ndi fayilo ya bin ndi sbin. Fayilo ya / usr / bin ili ndi malamulo ambiri omwe abasebenzisi angayendetse. Mofananamo, fayilo / wer / sbin ili ndi malamulo ambiri.
Foda ya boot ili ndi zonse zomwe zimafunika ndi ndondomeko ya boot.
Tsamba la cdrom liri lofotokozera.
Foda yamakono ili ndi zambiri zokhudza zipangizo zonse pa dongosolo.
Foda yowonjezera ndizomene maofesi onse akusinthira.
Foda yam'nyumba ndizomene maofolda onse ogwiritsira ntchito amasungidwa ndipo anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi malo okha omwe ayenera kukhala nawo.
Maofesi a lib ndi a lib64 ali ndi kernel komanso amawerengera mabuku.
Foda yotayika + imapezeka ndi mafayi omwe alibe dzina limene lapezeka ndi lamulo fsck.
Foda yamanema ndi kumene ma TV okonzedwa monga ma drive USB alipo.
Foda yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukweza yosungirako kanthawi monga USB, maulendo ena, mafano a ISO, ndi zina zotero.
Foda yotsegula imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena monga malo osungiramo zosintha. Phukusi lina ntchito / usr / dera.
Foda ya proc ndi foda yamagetsi imene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kernel. Simukusowa kudandaula za foda iyi mochuluka.
Foda ya mizu ndizolembera kunyumba kwa munthu wogwiritsa ntchito mizu.
Foda yoyendetsa ndi foda yamakono pofuna kusunga mauthenga othamanga.
Foda yanu ndi kumene mungasungire zinthu monga makanema a pa webusaiti, mysql ndondomeko, ndikuwonetseratu zosungira zina.
Foda ya sys ili ndi mawonekedwe a fayilo kuti apereke mauthenga a dongosolo.
Foda ya tmp ndi foda yachanthawi.
Foda ya var imakhala ndi chuma chonse cha zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo deta yamasewera, makalata othandiza, mafayilo a zolemba, ma ID, ndondomeko ndi deta yogwiritsira ntchito.
Kuti mupite ku foda inayake muzigwiritsa ntchito lamulo la cd motere:
cd / kunyumba / ntchito / malemba
04 pa 10
Mmene Mungayendere Kubwerera ku Home Folder
Mungathe kubwereranso ku foda yam'nyumba kuchokera kulikonse mu dongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
cd ~
Dinani apa kuti muthe kutsogolo kwathunthu ku cd ~ command .
05 ya 10
Mmene Mungapangire Foda Yatsopano
Ngati mukufuna kupanga foda yatsopano mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
mkdir foldername
Dinani apa kuti mutsogolere kwathunthu ku lamulo la mkdir .
Chotsogoleredwa chikuwonetsera momwe angapangire mauthenga onse a makolo pa foda ndi momwe angakhazikitsire zilolezo.
06 cha 10
Mmene Mungapangire Files
Linux imapereka njira zambiri zodabwitsa popanga mafayilo atsopano.
Kuti mupange mafayilo opanda kanthu mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
touch filename
Lamulo lakugwiritsira ntchito likugwiritsiranso ntchito nthawi yomaliza yopeza fayilo koma pa fayilo yomwe ilipo ili ndi zotsatira za kulenga izo.
Mukhozanso kupanga fayilo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
katemera> fayilo ya fayilo
Mukutha tsopano kulemba malemba pa mzere wa lamulo ndikusunga ku fayilo pogwiritsa ntchito CTRL ndi D
Dinani apa kuti mutsogolere kwathunthu ku lamulo la paka .
Njira yabwino yopanga mafayilo ndikugwiritsa ntchito nano editor. Izi zimakulowetsani kuwonjezera mizere ya malemba, kudula ndi kusakaniza, fufuzani ndi kusindikiza malemba ndikusunga fayiloyi muzosiyana siyana.
Dinani apa kuti muthandizidwe kwathunthu kwa nano editor .
07 pa 10
Mmene Mungatchulidwenso ndi Kusuntha Maofesi Pakati pa Fichi
Iyi ndi njira zingapo zolemekezera mafayilo.
Njira yosavuta yowonjezera fayilo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mv command.
mv oldfilename newfilename
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mv command kuti musunthire fayilo kuchokera ku foda imodzi kupita ku ina.
mv / njira / ya / choyambirira / fayilo / njira / ya / chandamale / foda
Dinani apa kuti mutsogolere kwathunthu ku mv command .
Ngati mukufuna kutchula mafayilo ambiri omwe ali ofanana ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito lamulo lolemekezeka.
kutchulidwanso kutembenuza dzina la fayilo (s)
Mwachitsanzo:
tchulanso "gary" "Tom" *
Izi zidzalowetsa mafayilo onse mu foda ndi gary mmenemo ndi tom. Kotero fayilo yotchedwa garycv idzakhala tomcv.
Dziwani kuti lamulo loyitcha dzina silinagwire ntchito machitidwe onse. Mv command ndi abwino.
Dinani apa kuti mutsogolere kwathunthu ku lamulo loyitana .
08 pa 10
Mmene Mungatumizire Files
Kujambula fayilo pogwiritsa ntchito Linux mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la cp motere.
cp filename filename2
Lamulo ili pamwamba lidzasintha filename1 ndikuitcha filename2.
Mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo lakopi kuti mupange mafayilo kuchokera ku foda imodzi kupita ku chimzake.
Mwachitsanzo
cp / home / username / Documents / userdoc1 / kunyumba / dzina lapafupi / Documents / UserDocs
Lamulo ili pamwambalo lidzafanizira fayilo userdoc1 kuchokera / kunyumba / ntchito / Documents ku / kunyumba / ntchito / Documents / UserDocs
Dinani apa kuti mutsogolere kwathunthu ku lamulo la cp .
09 ya 10
Mmene Mungachotsere FIles ndi Folders
Mungathe kumasula mafayilo ndi mafoda pogwiritsa ntchito rm lamulo:
rm filename
Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa foda muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito osintha awa:
rm -Rina la fayilo
Lamuloli pamwambapa limachotsa foda ndi zomwe zili mkatimo kuphatikizapo timapepala tating'ono.
Dinani apa kuti muwatsogolere kwathunthu ku rm command .
10 pa 10
Kodi Zisonyezero Zotani ndi Hard Links
Chizindikiro chophiphiritsira ndi fayilo yomwe imasonyeza fayilo ina. Njira yochezera pakompyuta kwenikweni imagwirizanitsa.
Mwachitsanzo, mungakhale ndi mafayilo otsatirawa pa dongosolo lanu.
- /home / dzina lomasulira / zolemba / zolemba / zolembapo.doc
Mwinamwake mukufuna kuti mupeze chilembachi kuchokera ku fayilo ya kunyumba / ntchito.
Mungathe kupanga chiyanjano chophiphiritsa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
ln -s /home / dzina lomasulira /documents/accounts/useraccounts.doc /home/sername/useraccounts.doc
Mungathe kusintha fayilo ya usersaccounts.doc kuchokera kumalo onse awiri koma mukasintha chiwonetsero chophiphiritsira mukukonzekera fayilo pa fayilo / kunyumba / ntchito / malemba / akaunti.
Mgwirizano wophiphiritsira ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa gawo limodzi la maofesi ndikuwonetsa fayilo pa fayilo ina.
Chizindikiro chophiphiritsira chimangopanga fayilo yomwe ili ndi pointer ku fayilo kapena foda ina.
Kulumikizana kolimba, komabe, kumalumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa mafayilo awiriwo. Makamaka ali mafayilo omwewo koma ndi dzina lina.
Kulumikizana kolimba kumapereka njira yabwino yosankhira mafayilo popanda kutenga disk danga.
Mungathe kupanga mgwirizano wolimba pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omasulira awa:
ln filenamebeinglinked filenametolinkto
Mawu omasuliridwawo ali ofanana ndi a mawonekedwe ophiphiritsira koma sakugwiritsa ntchito -sintha.