Bukhu la mafoni la intaneti
Intaneti ndi ma intaneti akuluakulu apadera a Internet (Protocol) (IP) amakhulupirira kudalira Domain Name System (DNS) kuti athandize kutsogolera magalimoto. DNS imakhala ndi mndandanda wa mayina a mautumiki ndi maadiresi, ndipo imapereka njira makompyuta kuti ayang'anire kutali ndi deta. Anthu ena amatcha DNS "bukhu la foni la intaneti."
DNS ndi Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse
Mawebusaiti onse ovomerezeka amayendetsa pa seva zogwirizana ndi intaneti ndi ma adiresi a IP . Mwachitsanzo, ma seva a pawebusaiti pa About.com, ali ndi maadiresi ngati 207.241.148.80. Ngakhale kuti anthu angathe kulemba mauthenga a adiresi monga http://207.241.148.80/ mumasakatuli awo a pawebusaiti kuti akachezere malo, atha kugwiritsa ntchito mayina abwino monga http://www.about.com/ ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Intaneti imagwiritsira ntchito DNS monga ntchito yothetsera dzina lonse padziko lonse. Munthu wina akayika dzina la webusaiti kukhala osatsegula, DNS imayang'ana pa adiresi yoyenera ya adiresiyi, deta yomwe ikufunika kuti iwonetsedwe maukonde pakati pa intaneti ndi ma seva .
Othandizira DNS ndi Olamulira a Maina
DNS imagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga makina / kasitomala . Ma seva a DNS ndiwo makompyuta omwe amasungidwa kuti asunge DNS database database (mayina ndi maadiresi), pamene makasitomala a DNS akuphatikiza ma PC, mafoni ndi zipangizo zina za ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto. Ma seva a DNS amawonetserana wina ndi mnzake, akuchita makasitomala wina ndi mnzake pakufunika.
DNS imapanga maseva ake kukhala olamulira. Kwa intaneti, otchedwa mizu dzina lamaseri amakhala pamwamba pa DNS akulamulira. Mazu a dzina la intaneti amayendetsa mauthenga a seva la DNS pa madera apamwamba a Web (TLD) (monga ".com" ndi ".uk"), makamaka maina ndi ma IP a oyambirira (otchedwa ovomerezeka ) amaseva a DNS omwe amayankha kuyankha mafunso a TLD aliyense payekha. Mapulogalamu pamsinkhu wotsatira wa ma DNS ndi maadiresi apamwamba omwe ali ndi mbiri yapamwamba ya DNS (monga "about.com"), ndi mazowonjezera ena amayang'anira madera a Web (ngati "compnetworking.about.com").
Ma seva a DNS amaikidwa ndi kusungidwa ndi malonda apadera ndi mabungwe olamulira a pa dziko lonse lapansi. Kwa intaneti, 13 mizu dzina la maseva (makamaka mabwinja ambirimbiri a makina kuzungulira dziko lonse) amathandizira madera mazana a pamwamba pa intaneti, pamene About.com imapereka chidziwitso chodziwika cha seva ya DNS kwa malo mkati mwa intaneti. Mipingo ikhoza kutumizira DNS pamakina awo apadera padera, pamlingo wawung'ono.
Zambiri - Kodi DNS Server ndi Chiyani?
Kukonzekera Networks kwa DNS
DNS makasitomala (otchedwa resolvers ) omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito DNS ayenera kukhala okonzedwa pa intaneti. Kukonza mayankho a DNS pogwiritsa ntchito osasintha ( static ) IP ma adelo imodzi kapena kuposa DNS. Pa makina a nyumba, seva ya DNS imatha kukonzedwa kamodzi pamsewu wothamanga kwambiri ndipo imangotengedwa ndi makasitomala a makasitomala , kapena ma adiresi akhoza kukonzedwa pa kasitomala aliyense payekha. Olamulira a pa Intaneti angapeze ma adresse adilesi a seva a DNS kuchokera pa intaneti omwe amapereka chithandizo kapena Internet providers DNS monga Google Public DNS ndi OpenDNS.
Mitundu ya DNS Lookups
DNS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mawebusaiti a Webusaiti potembenuza maina a intaneti pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza pa maulendo awa, DNS imagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
- kupeza ma seva olondola kuti apereke imelo ya intaneti
- Sinthani kusinthika komwe kumasintha ma adiresi adiresi kumalo a mayina
Mawebusaiti akupempha thandizo la DNS lookups likuyendetsa TCP ndi UDP , port 53 mwachinsinsi.
Onaninso - Yambani ndi Kupitiliza Kuyang'ana Makhalidwe a IP
DNS Caches
Kuti muzitha kuchita bwino mapulogalamu ambiri, DNS imagwiritsira ntchito kusungira. Makina a DNS amasunga makope a DNS omwe amapezeka kumene posachedwa pomwe zolemba zoyambirira zikupitiriza kusungidwa pa seva zawo. Pokhala ndi makope a m'deralo a DNS ndondomeko amapewa kukhala ndi mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito komanso kudzera mu seva la DNS. Komabe, ngati DNS cache imatha nthawi yosatha, nkhani zogwirizanitsa makina zingayambitse. Zingwe za DNS zakhala zikutheka kuti ziwonongeke ndi osewera. Olamulira a pa Intaneti amatha kugwiritsa ntchito cache ya DNS ngati mukufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ipconfig ndi zofanana.
Zambiri - Kodi DNS Cache ndi chiyani?
Dynamic DNS
DNS yapamwamba imafuna kuti zonse za adiresi ya IP ikhale yosungidwa. Izi zimawathandiza kuthandizira mawebusaiti ambiri koma osati zipangizo pogwiritsa ntchito ma intaneti apamwamba monga Internet Web cams kapena ma seva a pawekha. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) imaphatikizapo zowonjezera ma protocol ku DNS kuti athetse kutanthauzira dzina kwa makasitomala amphamvu.
Omwe amachititsa chipani chachitatu amapereka ma DNS omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowunikira anthu omwe akufuna kupeza malo awo apakompyuta pa intaneti. Kukhazikitsa malo a intaneti a DDNS kumafunikira kulemba ndi wothandizira wosankhidwa ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu owonjezera pa intaneti. Wothandizira DDNS akuyang'anitsitsa zipangizo zolembera ndikupanga ma DNS dzina loti asinthidwe.
Zambiri - Kodi Dynamic DNS Ndi Chiyani?
Njira Zina kwa DNS
Webusaiti ya Microsoft Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) imathandizira kutanthauzira dzina lofanana ndi DNS koma imangogwira ntchito pa makompyuta a Windows ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo osiyana. ZINTHU zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ena apakompyuta a Windows PC.
Dot-BIT ndijekiti yotseguka yochokera ku teknoloji ya BitCoin yomwe ikugwira ntchito kuwonjezera chithandizo pa "domain" yamtundu wamtundu ku Internet DNS.