Bukhuli lidzakusonyezani momwe mungapangire mafoda atsopano kapena zolembera mkati mwa Linux pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa lamulo.
Lamulo limene mumagwiritsa ntchito popanga zolemba ndi mkdir. Nkhaniyi ikukuwonetsani njira yofunikira yopangira makanema ku Linux komanso kutsegula makina onse omwe alipo.
Mmene Mungakhalire Buku Latsopano
Njira yosavuta yokonza bukhu latsopano ndi ili:
mkdir
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupanga fayilo pansi pa foda yanu yomwe imatchedwa mayeso, tsegulani zenera zowonongeka ndikuonetsetsa kuti muli mu foda yanu (gwiritsani ntchito cd ~ command ).
mkdir test
Kusintha Chilolezo cha New Directory
Pambuyo pokonza foda yatsopano mukhoza kuika zilolezo kuti munthu wina yekha angathe kupeza foda kapena kuti anthu ena athe kusintha ma fayilo mu foda koma ena awerengapo okha.
M'gawo lotsiriza, ndinakuwonetsani momwe mungapangire mayina otchedwa test. Kuthamanga lamulo la ls kukuwonetsani zilolezo za bukhulo:
ls -t
Mwaiwo mungakhale ndi zina mwa izi:
drwxr-xr-x 2 mwini gulu 4096 Mar 9 19:34 mayeso
Ziphuphu zomwe timakondwera nazo ndi drwxr-xr-x mwini ndi gulu
D imatiuza kuti mayesero ndiwongolera.
Zolemba zitatu zoyambirira pambuyo pa d ndizololedwa mwiniwake wazomwe zimatchulidwa ndi dzina la mwiniwakeyo.
- r akuyimira kuwerenga
- wimafuna kulemba
- x imayimira execute (yomwe izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kupeza foda)
Zolemba zitatu zotsatirazi ndizovomerezeka pagulu la fayilo yomwe imatchulidwa ndi dzina la gulu. Apanso zosankha ziri r, w, ndi x. A-amatanthauza kuti pali chilolezo chosowa. Mu chitsanzo pamwambapa aliyense wa gulu akhoza kupeza foda ndikuwerengera mafayilo koma sangathe kulemba foda.
Zithunzi zitatu zomalizira ndizovomerezeka zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito onse ali nazo ndipo monga mukuonera mu chitsanzo pamwambapa ndi zofanana ndi zilolezo za gulu.
Kusintha zilolezo za fayilo kapena foda mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la chmod . Lamulo la chmod limakulolani kuti muwonetse nambala 3 zomwe zimapatsa zilolezo.
- werengani zilolezo = 4
- lembani zilolezo = 2
- pangani zilolezo = 1
Kuti mupeze chisakanizo cha zilolezo mumapanga manambala pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo kuti muwerenge ndikuchita zilolezo chiwerengero chomwe mukusowa ndi 5, kuti muwerenge ndi kulemba zilolezo nambala 6 ndi kuti mulembe ndi kuchita zilolezo nambalayi ndi 3.
Kumbukirani kuti muyenera kufotokoza manambala 3 ngati gawo la lamulo la chmod. Chiwerengero choyamba ndi cha chilolezo cha mwini, chiwerengero chachiwiri ndi chilolezo cha gulu ndipo nambala yomaliza ndi ya wina aliyense.
Mwachitsanzo kuti mukhale ndi zilolezo zonse kwa mwiniwake, werengani ndikuchita zilolezo pagulu ndipo palibe zilolezo za wina aliyense omwe alemba zotsatirazi:
mayeso a chmod 750
Ngati mukufuna kusintha dzina la gulu lomwe liri ndi foda yesani chigamu cha chgrp.
Mwachitsanzo, tangoganizani mukufuna kupanga cholemba chomwe onse a akaunti yanu angathe kuzipeza.
Choyamba, pangani makalata a gulu polemba zotsatirazi:
makalata a gulu
Ngati mulibe chilolezo cholumikizira gulu mungagwiritse ntchito sudo kuti mupeze mwayi wapadera kapena kusintha kwa akaunti ndi zilolezo zoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli .
Tsopano mukhoza kusintha gululo kuti likhale foda polemba zotsatirazi:
chgrp akaunti
Mwachitsanzo:
mayeso a akaunti ya chgrp
Kupatsa aliyense mu magulu a akauntiyo kuwerenga, lembani ndi kuchita zomwe mungapeze komanso mwiniwake koma awerengereni kwa wina aliyense kuti mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
mayeso a chmod 770
Kuwonjezera wothandizira mu gulu la akauntiyi mwinamwake mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
akaunti za usermod -a -G
Lamulo ili pamwambalo limapereka gulu la mabungwe ku mndandanda wa magulu awiri omwe wogwiritsa ntchito ali nawo.
Mmene Mungapangire Zolemba ndi Kuyika Zolinga Pa Nthawi Yomweyi
Mungathe kupanga zolemba ndikuyika zilolezo zazomwezo panthawi yomweyi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
mkdir-m777
Lamuloli pamwambapa lidzapanga foda imene aliyense angathe. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti mukufuna kupanga chirichonse ndi zilolezo za mtundu uwu.
Pangani Foda ndi Makolo Omwe Amafunika
Tangoganizirani kuti mukufuna kupanga chigawo cha makalata koma simukufuna kulenga foda iliyonse pamodzi ndi njira ndikugwiritsira ntchito mtengo wanu.
Mwachitsanzo, mungakhale mukupanga mafoda a nyimbo yanu motere:
- / nyumba / nyimbo / rock / alicecooper
- / nyumba / nyimbo / thanthwe / mfumukazi
- / nyumba / nyimbo / rap / drdre
- / nyumba / nyimbo / jazz / louisjordan
Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa kuti mupange dothi foda, ndiye alice cooper ndi mfumukazi foda ndikuyambitsa rap fomu ndi dr dre foda ndiyeno jazz foda ndi louisjordan foda.
Pogwiritsa ntchito sewero lotsatila mungapange mafoda onse a kholo pawulu ngati sakuli kale.
mkdir -p
Mwachitsanzo, kulenga limodzi la mafoda omwe ali pamwambawa yesani lamulo lotsatira:
mkdir -p ~ / music / rock / alicecooper
Kupeza Chitsimikizo Kuti Bukhu Lalikulu Linapangidwa
Mwachindunji, lamulo la mkdir silikuwuzani ngati bukhu limene mukulenga linapangidwa bwino. Ngati palibe zolakwika zikuwonekera ndiye inu mukhoza kuganiza izo ziri.
Ngati mukufuna kupeza zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti mudziwe zomwe zasankhidwa muzigwiritsa ntchito osinthana otsatirawa.
mkdir -v
Zotsatirazo zidzakhala pambali ya mkdir: cholemba cholemba / njira / mpaka / dzina lachidziwitso .
Kugwiritsa ntchito & # 34; mkdir & # 34; mu Shell Script
Nthawi zina mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "mkdir" ngati gawo la script. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tiwone script yomwe imalandira njira. Pamene script ikuphedwa idzapanga foda ndikuwonjezera fayilo imodzi yomwe imatchedwa "hello".
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @
cd $ @
gwiritsani moni
Mzere woyamba uyenera kuphatikizidwa muzolemba zonse zomwe mumalemba ndipo zikuwonetseratu kuti izi ndi BASH script.
Lamulo la "mkdir" limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga foda. "$ @" ( Yomwe imadziwikanso ngati magawo olowera ) kumapeto kwa mzere wachiwiri ndi wachitatu umatsitsimutsidwa ndi mtengo womwe umatchula polemba script.
Lamulo la "cd" limasintha m'ndandanda yomwe mumayimilira ndipo potsiriza lamulo lakukhudza limapanga fayilo yopanda kanthu yotchedwa "hello".
Mukhoza kuyesa nokha script. Kuchita zimenezi kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Tsegulani zenera zowonongeka (osindikiza Alt ndi T ayenera kuchita)
- Lowani nano creathellodirectory.sh
- Lembani malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa mu mkonzi
- Sungani fayilo mwa kukanikiza CTRL ndi O panthawi yomweyo
- Chotsani fayilo ponyamula CTRL ndi X panthawi yomweyo
- Sinthani zilolezo polemba chmod + x creathellodirectory.sh
- Kuthamanga script pakulemba ./createhellodirectory.sh test
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito script yolembedwa kuti "test" idzalengedwa ndipo ngati mutasintha ku bukhu la ( cd test) ndikuyendetsa mndandanda ( ls), mudzawona fayilo imodzi yotchedwa "hello".
Pakalipano kwambiri koma tsopano yesani kuyendetsa gawo lachiwiri.
- Cholakwika chidzawoneka kuti foda ilipo kale.
Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe tingachite kuti tipange script. Mwachitsanzo, ngati foda ilipo kale sitikusamala makamaka ngati ilipo.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
gwiritsani moni
Ngati mukulongosola -p ngati gawo la lamulo la mkdir ndiye silidzalakwitsa ngati foda ilipo kale koma ngati ilibe idzayambitsa.
Monga momwe zakhalira lamulo lakukhudza lidzapangire fayilo ngati kulibe koma ngati kulipo ilo limangosintha tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe yatha.
Tangoganizirani momwe mawuwa adasinthidwira ndi mawu omveka omwe amalemba malemba pa fayilo motere:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
lembani "moni" hello
Ngati muthamanga lamulo "./createhellodirectory.sh test" mobwerezabwereza zotsatira zidzakhala kuti fayilo yotchedwa "hello" m'ndandanda wa mayesero idzakulirakulira ndi yayikulu ndi mizere yambiri ndi mawu akuti "hello" mmenemo.
Tsopano, izi zikhoza mwina kapena siziyenera kuti zitheke koma tiyeni tizinena tsopano kuti ichi si chofunika. Mukhoza kulemba mayesero kuti mutsimikize kuti bukhulo lilibepo musanayambe lamulo ili lolozera.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
ngati [$? -eq 0]; ndiye
cd $ @
lembani "moni" hello
Potulukira
fi
Ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi njira yanga yomwe ndimasankha yokonza mapangidwe a mafoda. Lamulo la mkdir limapanga foda yomwe yaperekedwa ngati chizindikiro cholowera koma zolakwika zonse zimatumizidwa ku / dev / null (zomwe sizikutanthauza kulikonse).
Mzere wachitatu umafufuza zotsatira za lamulo lapitalo zomwe ndi "mkdir" mawu ndipo ngati zatheka bwino zikhoza kuchita mawuwo mpaka mawu "fi" atafika.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kupanga foda ndikuchita zinthu zonse zomwe mukufuna ngati lamulo likuyenda bwino. Ngati mukufuna kuchita chinthu china ngati lamulo silinapambane ndiye kuti mungathe kulemba mawu ena motere:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
ngati [$? -eq 0]; ndiye
cd $ @
lembani "moni" hello
Potulukira
china
cd $ @
limbani "hello"> hello
Potulukira
fi
M'mawu a pamwamba ngati mawu a mkdir akugwira ntchito ndiye mawu a echo amatumiza mawu oti "hello" kumapeto kwa fayilo yotchedwa "hello" koma ngati kulibe fayilo yatsopano idzatchedwa "hello" ndi mawu akuti " moni "mmenemo.
Chitsanzo ichi sichinthu chothandiza kwambiri chifukwa mungathe kupeza zotsatira zomwezo nthawi zonse pongotchula mawu akuti "hello"> mzere wa moni . Mfundo ya chitsanzo ndi kusonyeza kuti mutha kuyendetsa lamulo la "mkdir", kubisala zolakwika, fufuzani momwe lamuloli likuyendera kuti muwone ngati lapambana kapena ayi ndikuchita malamulo amodzi ngati lamulo "mkdir" anali opambana ndi malamulo ena ngati sakanakhala.