Chilichonse chimatha pa nthawi ina komanso zamagetsi sizinali zosiyana. Kudziwa njira zitatu zazikulu zolephereka kungathandize opanga kupanga mapangidwe amphamvu komanso ngakhale kukonza zolephera.
Machitidwe Olephera
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zilephereke . Zolakwitsa zina ndizochepetsa komanso zosangalatsa pamene pali nthawi yozindikiritsa chigawocho ndi kuzibwezera izo zisanathe. Zolakwitsa zina ndizofulumira, zachiwawa, ndi zosayembekezereka, zomwe zonse zimayesedwa pa kuyesedwa kwa chidziwitso cha mankhwala.
Chophatikiza Phukusi Chikulephera
Phukusi la chigawochi limapereka ntchito ziwiri zofunikira, kutetezera gawolo kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndi kupereka njira kuti gawolo likhale logwirizana ndi dera. Ngati chotchinga chiteteze chigawochi kuchokera kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe, zinthu zina monga chinyezi ndi mpweya zimatha kuchepetsa ukalamba wa chigawocho ndikupangitsa kuti zilephereke mofulumira. Mankhwala operewera pa phukusi angayambitsidwe ndi zinthu zingapo kuphatikizapo kutentha kwapadera, mankhwala okonza mankhwala, ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Zonsezi zimayambitsa zikhoza kutetezedwa mwa kuyembekezera zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndikusintha malingalirowo. Kulephera kwa maselo ndi chimodzi chokha cha zolephera za phukusi. M'kati mwa phukusi, zoperewera zomwe zimapangika zingapangitse makabudula, kukhalapo kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azikalamba msanga kapenanso phukusi, kapena ming'alu ya zisindikizo zomwe zimafalitsa monga gawo likuyikidwa pamtunda.
Zosokoneza Zowonongeka ndi Zosakaniza
Zolumikizidwe zimapereka njira yaikulu yolumikizana pakati pa gawo ndi dera ndikukhala ndi zolepheretsa. Kugwiritsira ntchito mtundu wolakwika wa solder ndi chigawo kapena PCB kungapangitse kusuntha kwa zinthu zakuthambo mu solder zomwe zimapanga zigawo zowopsya zotchedwa intermetallic zigawo. Zigawozi zimayambitsa ziwalo zosweka zowonongeka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapewa kuyang'ana. Kutentha kwa dzuwa kumayambitsanso chifukwa cha kusalumikizana kwa puloteni, makamaka ngati kutentha kwapadera kwa zipangizo (chophimba pini, solder, PCB trace, ndi PCB) ndizosiyana. Zomwe zipangizo zonsezi zimatentha ndi kuzizira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakati pawo zomwe zingathe kusokoneza thupi, kuwononga chigawocho, kapena kuchotseratu zotsatira za PCB. Nsalu zazing'ono zomwe zimatsogolera ogulitsa aulere zingakhalenso vuto. Nthikiti zamatchi zimakula kuchokera ku mtsogoleri wopanda mafuta omwe angagwirizane nawo kapena kusiya ndi kupanga zazifupi.
PCB Inalephera
Mapologalamu a PCB ali ndi zinthu zambiri zolephera, zomwe zimachokera ku ntchito yopanga komanso zina kuchokera ku malo opangira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a bolodi la PCB akhoza kusokonezedwa molakwika kupita kutsogolo zing'onozing'ono, maulendo otseguka, ndi mizere yodutsa. Komanso mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe a PCB sangathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo amapanga zazifupi monga momwe zidutswa zimadyedwera. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolemera zamkuwa zamkuwa kapena zinthu zowonjezera zingapangitse kuwonjezereka kwapadera komwe kudzafupikitse moyo wa PCB. Ndi zovuta zonse zopanga PCB, zolephera zambiri sizichitika panthawi yopanga PCB.
Malo osungunuka ndi ogwira ntchito a PCB nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku zofooka zosiyanasiyana za PCB m'kupita kwa nthawi. Mafuta otchedwa solder omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza zonse zigawozo ku PCB akhoza kukhala pamwamba pa PCB yomwe idye ndikuchotsa zitsulo zilizonse zomwe zimakhudzana nazo. Kuthamanga kwadothi sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawombera kwa PCB monga zigawo zina zimatha kutaya madzi omwe angathe kuwononga nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo oyeretsa angapo amakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana kapena amasiya zotsalira zomwe zimayambitsa zazifupi. Kuwombera kutentha ndilo chifukwa china cha kulephera kwa PCB zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa PCB ndipo zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zikhale zochepa pakati pa mapangidwe a PCB.