Zida zowonongeka ndizofunikira pa zamagetsi. Solder sichigwirizana nthawi zonse ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zingapangitse cholowa choipa cha solder, bridged pins, kapena ngakhale chophatikiza konse. Njira yothetsera mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira komanso kutentha kwabwino.
Kodi Flux ndi chiyani?
Pamene solder imasungunuka ndikupanga mgwirizano pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zachitsulo, imapanga mgwirizano wa metallurgical pogwiritsa ntchito makina ena achitsulo. Ubwenzi wabwino umafuna zinthu ziwiri, solder yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zabwino, zopanda mafuta, fumbi, ndi zokoma zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwirizana. Grime ndi fumbi zimachotsedwa mosavuta poyeretsa kapena kutetezedwa ndi njira zabwino zosungirako. Oxides, kumbali inayo amafunika njira ina.
Oxides amawoneka pafupifupi zitsulo zonse pamene mpweya umagwira ndi chitsulo. Pachitsulo, okosijeni amadziwika kuti dzimbiri, koma zimakhala ndi tini, aluminiyumu, mkuwa, siliva, ndi pafupifupi chitsulo chilichonse chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamagetsi. Oxides amapanga soldering zovuta kapena zosatheka, kuteteza mgwirizano wa metallurgical ndi solder. Oxidization zimachitika nthawi zonse, koma zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri kutentha, monga pamene soldering Flux imayeretsa zitsulo ndikuyang'ana ndi oxide wosanjikiza, kusiya malo akuyang'aniridwa ndi mgwirizano wabwino wa solder. Mpweya umakhala pamwamba pa chitsulo pamene soldering yomwe imalepheretsa ma oxides oonjezera kupanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa soldering. Monga ndi solder, pali mitundu yambiri ya solder, iliyonse imakhala ndi zofunikira komanso zina zolephera.
Mitundu ya Flux
Kwa ntchito zambiri, kutuluka kwake kumaphatikizapo pakati pa waya wodulidwa ndikwanira. Komabe, pali zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zina zimapindulitsa kwambiri, monga pamwamba pa soldering ndi kuwononga. Mulimonsemo, njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosavuta kwambiri (yosautsa) yomwe imagwira ntchito pa oxidide pa zigawozo ndi kubweretsa mgwirizano wabwino wa solder.
Madzi a Rosin
Mitundu ina yakale kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa pine sap (yoyeretsedwa ndi yoyeretsedwa) yotchedwa rosin. Mafuta a Rosin amagwiritsabe ntchito lero, koma kawirikawiri ndiwophatikizana ndi ma fluxes kuti azitha kusintha kayendedwe kake, ntchito zake, ndi zizindikiro. Kuthamanga kwabwino kumayenda mosavuta, makamaka pamene kutentha, kumachotsa ma oxyidi mwamsanga, ndipo kumathandiza kuchotsa mitundu yakunja pamwamba pa chitsulocho. Rosin imatulutsa asidi pamene imadzi, koma ikaipanda imakhala yolimba komanso yowuma. Popeza mvula imakhala yolimba ngati imakhala yamphamvu, ikhoza kuzisiya pa PCB popanda kuvulaza dera pokhapokha ngati dera limatentha mpaka pamene rosin ikhoza kukhala madzi ndikuyamba kudya pa kugwirizana. Pachifukwa ichi nthawi zonse ndi ndondomeko yabwino yakuchotsa mpweya wochokera ku PCB. Komanso, ngati chophimba chogwiritsidwa ntchito chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zodzoladzola za PCB ndizofunikira, zotsalira zotsalira ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Madzi a Rosin akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mowa.
Mitundu ya Acid Aclux
Imodzi mwa mafayiwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madzi osungunuka a acid acid (OA) amatha. Ambiri ofooka amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu organic acid, monga citric, lactic, ndi stearic acid pakati pa ena. Ofooka a organic acids akuphatikizidwa ndi solvents monga isopropyl mowa ndi madzi. Organic acid fluxes ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuti rosin fluxes ndi kuyeretsa ma oxides kuchokera mofulumira kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chilengedwe chosungunuka cha madzi a acid acid chimapangitsa PCB kukhala yoyeretsedwa mosavuta ndi madzi nthawi zonse (ingotetezani zigawo zomwe siziyenera kumanyowa!). Kuyeretsa mavitamini a asidi chifukwa chotsalacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi magetsi ndipo chidzakhudza kwambiri ntchito ndi kayendetsedwe ka dera, ngati sichidzawonongeke ngati dera likugwira ntchito musanayambe kutsuka.
Magazi a Acid osakaniza
Njira yowonjezereka yomwe organic ikuyenda imakhala yozungulira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mavitamini amphamvu monga hydrocloric acid, zinayi chloride, ndi ammonium chloride. Mitengo ya asidi yowonjezera imayang'ana zambiri ku zitsulo zamphamvu monga zamkuwa, zamkuwa, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Mankhwala a asidi amafunikira kuyeretsa kwathunthu pambuyo pa ntchito kuchotseratu zotsalira zonse zochotsera zomwe zikhoza kufooketsa kapena kusokoneza mgwirizano wa solder ngati mutachokapo. Mankhwala osakaniza a asidi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa msonkhano wa magetsi kapena ntchito yamagetsi.
Mafuta a Solder
Utsi ndi utsi wotulutsidwa pamene soldering sizomwe zimapanga. Zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ambirimbiri kuchokera ku zidulo ndi momwe amachitira ndi zigawo za okusayidi. Nthaŵi zambiri mankhwala monga formaldehyde, toluene, alcohols, ndi acidic fumes amapezeka mu fumere ya solder. Ziphuphuzi zingayambitse mphumu ndi kuonjezera kusadziletsa kuti asungunuke. Khansa ndi mpweya woopsa wa kutsekemera fungo ndi otsika kwambiri chifukwa kutentha kwa solder nthawi zambiri kumatentha kuposa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa solder. Chiopsezo choopsa kwambiri ndicho kusamalira solder wokha. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito solder, poganizira kutsuka manja ndikupewa kudya, kumwa, ndi kusuta m'madera omwe muli ndi solder kuti muteteze kutuluka mu thupi.