Mitundu ya Solder

Osati onse ogulitsa amalengedwa ofanana - solder iliyonse imayenera kutentha ndi ntchito zambiri. Kusankha solder yolondola n'kofunika kupeza kugwirizana kwa magetsi komwe kumapangitsa moyo wa dera kukhala osasintha.

Mitundu ya Solder

Electronics solder zambiri imagwera mu imodzi mwa mitundu itatu, kutsogolera alloy solder, solder wopanda kutsogolera kapena siliva alloy solder. Solder-based solder ndi solder yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku gulu la tini ndi kutsogolera, nthawizina ndi zina zitsulo. Chifukwa chotsogolera chikuphatikizidwa ndi tini ndichoti mpweya wotenthawu umakhala ndi kutentha kwapansi, chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha solder pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zambiri zimakhala zotentha kwambiri! Soda solder yothandizira nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa ndi chiĊµerengero chake cha alloy monga 60/40 kapena 63/37, ndi nambala yoyamba kukhala tinini wolemera ndi chiwerengero chachiwiri kukhala kuchuluka kwa kutsogolo kwa kulemera kwake. Zonsezi zimakhala zabwino kwa magetsi onse, koma 63/37 ndi eutectic alloy, kutanthauza kuti ili ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa madzi ndi olimba monga kusintha kwa kutentha. Malowa amathandiza kuchepetsa mafinya ozizira omwe amatha kuchitika pamene gawo likuyenda pamene solder ikuzizira.

Kutsogolera solder ya alloy yakhala ndiyo solder yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamagetsi kwazaka makumi ambiri, koma chifukwa cha nkhani zaumoyo zogwirizana ndi kutsogolera, tayamba kuchoka kwa ogulitsa otsogolera . Europe ikutsogolera njira yochepetsera chitsogozo pochepetsa kuchepetsa zinthu zowopsa (RoHS) ndi Zida Zamagetsi ndi Zida Zamagetsi (WEEE) zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsogozo china chilichonse ku 0.1%. Chimodzi mwa mapulogalamu otchuka kwambiri ndi 96.5 / 3 / 0.5 aloyi ndi 96.5% tani, siliva 3%, ndi 0,5% zamkuwa. Mwamwayi, zida zambiri zopanda mzere zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa ogulitsa oyendetsa mapuloteni, kusungunuka pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo motero amafunika kutentha kwakukulu, ndi kupereka mphamvu, koma zowonjezera zowonjezera. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mapuloteni a solder opanda pulogalamu akuyendabebe, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zina monga nsalu zamatini ndi kuvala zitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo zakhala zikudziwika kuti zimakhudza ubwino wautali wamagetsi wopanda nthawi.

Siliva ya siliva ya siliva ikhoza kukhala yopanda mzere kapena kuphatikizapo kutsogolera. Silver yowonjezera inaphatikizidwa kutsogolera alloy solder kuti iteteze zotsatira zomwe zimadziwika ngati kusamuka kwa siliva pamene siliva zowonjezera zida zidagulitsidwa. Ndizolowera kutsogolo alloy solder, siliva mu siliva yolowetsamo imatha kulowa mu solder ndikupangitsa kuti solder yokhala yowonongeka ndi yowonongeka. Kutenga mafuta a alloy solder ndi siliva, monga 62/36/2 solder ndi siliva 2%, 62% tani, ndi 36% kutsogolera, kuchepetsa kusamuka kwa siliva komanso kukhala ndi katundu wabwino kuposa solder wothandizira, koma osati bwino kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo.

Kusankha Solder Right

Zambiri zosiyana zingathe kusankha kusankha solder bwino. Solder yolondola imafuna kuwerengera zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mphamvu , kukula kwa zigawo zomwe zimagulitsidwa, komanso kusakaniza ndi kutetezeka kwa soldering.

Solder amapezeka ndi palibe, imodzi kapena zingapo zamtundu (roxin) zomwe zimathamanga pakati pa waya wodutsa. Izi zowonjezereka zimathandizira kutuluka kwa solder ndi mgwirizano kwa ziwalo zomwe zimagulitsidwa, komabe nthawi zina rosin madzi omwe alowetsedwa mu solder ndi osafunika pa zifukwa zingapo, monga njira yoyeretsera yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira soldering kapena Kukhalapo kwa asidi amphamvu kutuluka (monga acid-flux solder imene imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamagetsi) ndipo kusiyana kosiyana ndi kofunika.

Solder imapezekanso pazambiri, ndi 0.02 ", 0.063" ndi 0.04 "kukhala wamba solder diameters. Ogulitsa aakulu kwambiri amakhala aakulu kwa ntchito zazikulu zowonjezereka, opangira ma foni akuluakulu kapena operewera kwambiri koma amapanga ntchito yabwino monga surface mount soldering zovuta kwambiri. Apa ndi pamene 0.02 "ndi 0.04" solder zimakhala zothandiza. Zonsezi, ntchito zambiri zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi 0.04 "diameter solder, makamaka ngati kuphatikizapo zochepa zomwe zimachitika ndi kutuluka kokwanira.