Kuzindikira Zosakaniza Zamagulu
Ziwalo zikulephera ndipo zinthu zikuphwa. Ndicho chenicheni cha moyo ndi zomangamanga. Chigawo china cholephera chimatha kupezeka ndi machitidwe abwino, koma ambiri ali m'manja mwa opanga. Kuzindikiritsa chigawo chokhumudwitsa ndi chifukwa chake zatha kulepheretsa kukonza mapangidwe ndi kuonjezera kudalirika kwa dongosolo lomwe lakhala likulephera.
Momwe Zimakhalira Zosakanikirana
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zilephereke. Zolakwitsa zina ndizochepetsa komanso zosangalatsa pamene pali nthawi yozindikiritsa chigawocho ndi kuzibwezera izo zisanathe. Zolakwitsa zina ndizofulumira, zachiwawa, ndi zosayembekezereka, zomwe zonse zimayesedwa pa kuyesedwa kwa chidziwitso cha mankhwala. Zina mwa zifukwa zowonjezereka za zigawo zikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo:
- Panopa
- Pamwamba pa magetsi
- Kutentha
- Yolumikizidwa molakwika
- Sinthani chilengedwe
- Kupanga mafayilo
- Mankhwala amawopsya
- Kupanikizika kwa makina
- Mafunde
- Kusokoneza
- Kupaka
- Kulumikizana
- Kukalamba
- Kusokonezeka kusokonekera
- Kutentha
- Kudula
- Oxidizing
- Kutentha kuthamanga
- Kutsegula kosavuta
- ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD)
- Kusokoneza magetsi
- Dongosolo lozungulira dera
Zolephera zapadera zimatsatira njira. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa makompyuta, zoperewera zapadera zimakhala zofala ndipo mwayi wotsalira umatsika ngati wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengero ndi chakuti zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, soldering, ndi zofooka zopangidwa nthawi zambiri zimalephera pakangotha mphindi kapena maola oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho. Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga ambiri amaphatikizapo ola angapo kuwotcha nthawi zawo. Mayeso ophwekawa amathetsa mwayi kuti chigawo choyipa chitha kupyolera mu njira yopanga ndikupanga chipangizo chosweka mkati mwa maola omaliza omaliza kugwiritsa ntchito .
Pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamba yowotcha, zolepheretsa zigawo zimakhala zochepa pansi ndipo zimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ngakhale kungokhala, zimakalamba. Zotsatira za mankhwala zimachepetsa ubwino wa makapu, mawaya, ndi chigawo, ndi mawotchi ndi mawotchi amayendetsa pamagetsi pamagetsi. Zifukwa izi zimayambitsa kulephera kwa chiwerengero kuti chiwonjezeke mosalekeza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zolephereka zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kapena pamene zatha kumoyo wa chigawochi.
Kudziwa Chida Cholephera
Pamene chigawo chimalephera pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira chinthu chomwe chalephera ndi kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto a magetsi . Zizindikiro izi ndi:
Ziwoneka
Chizindikiro chowonekera kwambiri kuti gawo linalake lalephera ndi kupyolera maonekedwe. Zogonjetsedwa zigawozi zimapsereza kapena kusungunuka malo, kapena kutuluka ndi kutambasula. Nthawi zambiri anthu amene amawagwiritsa ntchito amawombera kunja, makamaka magetsi otchedwa electrolytic capacitors. Makampani a IC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dzenje lakuwotcha pamene malo otentha pa chigawocho amapukuta pulasitiki pafupi ndi malo otentha mpaka kupyolera mu phukusi la IC.
Futa
Pamene zigawo zikulephereka, zimakhala zosavuta kutentha zomwe zimayambitsa matsenga a buluu ndi utsi wina wokongola kuti amasulidwe ndi chokhumudwitsa. Utsi uli ndi fungo losiyana kwambiri ndipo limasiyana ndi mtundu wa chigawo. Izi kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha chigawo cholephera kupitirira chipangizo chosagwira ntchito. Kawirikawiri fungo losiyana la gawo lolephera lidzakhalabe pafupi ndi chigawochi kwa masiku kapena masabata omwe angathandize pozindikira chokhumudwitsacho panthawi ya troubleshooting.
Kumveka
Nthaŵi zina zigawo zimamveka phokoso likalephera. Izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi zolephera zamatenthe, mofulumira, komanso zochitika zomwe zikuchitika. Pamene gawo likulepheretsa izi mwachiwawa, fungo nthawi zambiri limayenda ndi kulephera. Kumva chigawochi kumalephera, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuti zidutswa za chigawocho zidzatayika mwatunduwu kuti chidziwitso chomwe chalephera chitha kugwera kuti chipeze chigawo sichikhala pa PCB kapena mu dongosolo.
Kuyesedwa
Nthawi zina njira yokhayo yodziwira chinthu chomwe chalephera ndi kuyesa zigawo zina. Izi zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri pa PCB chifukwa nthawi zambiri zigawo zina zidzakhudza chiyerocho chifukwa chiyeso chonse chikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa kapena wamakono, dera lidzayankhira ndipo kuwerenga kungathetsedwe. Ngati kachitidwe kakugwiritsira ntchito subassemblies, nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa subassemblies ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera pamene nkhaniyo ilipo.