Njira zothetsera mavuto a PCB

Zolakwitsa ndi kulephereka kwa gawo ndizofunikira pamoyo. Mabwalo oyendetsa mapulani adzapangidwa ndi zolakwika, zigawo zidzasungidwa kumbuyo kapena m'malo olakwika, ndipo zigawo zidzakhala zovuta zonse zomwe zingapange ntchito yoyendayenda bwino kapena ayi. Kugwiritsira ntchito PCB troubleshooting kungakhale ntchito yaikulu yomwe imapereka misonkho komanso chifuniro. Mwachimwemwe pali njira zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kufufuza kwa 'mbali' yovuta.

Kusintha kwa PCB

Mapupala a dera, kapena PCBs, ndi ma insulators ndi mitsempha yamkuwa yomwe imagwirizanitsa zidutswa zonse pamodzi kuti apange dera lamakono. Kusanthula ma PCB ochuluka kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndizovuta, ndi zinthu monga kukula, chiwerengero cha zigawo, kufufuza kwa chizindikiro, ndi mitundu ya zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto. Mabungwe ena ovuta amafunikira zipangizo zamakono kuti zisamathetse mavuto, koma kuthetsa mavuto ambiri kungatheke ndi zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi kuti zitsatire njira, mazira, ndi zizindikiro kudutsa dera.

Zida Zopangira Ma PCB

Mavuto ambiri a PCB angathe kupangidwa ndi zida zingapo. Chida chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi multimeter, koma molingana ndi zovuta za PCBs ndi vuto, mzere wa LCR, oscilloscope, mphamvu ndi magetsi oyeneranso olemba logic angakhalenso oyenerera kuti afotokoze mwakuya khalidwe la dera.

Kuwunika Kwambiri

Kuyang'anitsitsa maso kwa PCB kungapeze mavuto angapo. Zowonongeka, kutsitsa zida zikuluzikulu, zizindikiro za kutenthedwa, ndi zosowa zikhoza kupezeka mosavuta mwa kuyang'anitsitsa bwino. Zina zowonjezera zopsereza, zowonongeka kupyolera pakalipano, sizikuwoneka mosavuta, koma kuyang'ana kokongola kwamtundu kapena fungo kungasonyeze kupezeka kwa chigawo choonongeka. Zizindikiro zowonjezereka ndizitsulo zina zabwino za magwero a vuto, makamaka kwa electrolytic capacitors .

Kufufuza Kwambiri

Chinthu chimodzi choposa kuyang'anitsitsa zithunzi ndi kuyang'aniridwa mozizwitsa ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku dera. Pogwira pamwamba pa PCB ndi zigawozikulu pa bolodi, malo otentha angapezeke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kamera yotsika mtengo ya thermographic. Ngati chigawo chowotcha chikudziwika, chikhoza kutayika ndi kupanikizidwa ndi mpweya wam'chitini kuti ayese ntchito yoyendetsa dera ndi chigawochi pamtunda wotsika. Njirayi ingakhale yoopsa ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa maulendo otsika otsika ndi njira zoyenera zotetezera.

Mukakhudza dera loyendetsa bwino, zingapo ziyenera kutengedwa. Onetsetsani kuti dzanja limodzi lokha limalumikizana ndi dera nthawi iliyonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asagwedezeke poyendayenda pamtima, zomwe zingawopsyeze. Kusunga dzanja limodzi mu thumba lanu ndi njira yabwino pamene mukugwira ntchito pa maulendo amoyo kuti muteteze zoopsya zoterozo. Kuonetsetsa kuti njira zonse zomwe zilipo panopa, monga mapazi anu kapena zingwe zosagwira ntchito, zimatulutsanso ndizofunika kuchepetsa ngozi yowopsya.

Kukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za dera kudzasinthiranso kutuluka kwa dera lomwe lingasinthe khalidwe la dongosololi ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira malo omwe akuyendayenda omwe amafunikira mphamvu zina kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Kuyesedwa koyenera

Kawirikawiri njira zothandiza kwambiri za PCB troubleshooting ndi kuyesa gawo lililonse. Kuyesera kumbali iliyonse, capacitor, diode, transistor, inductor, MOSFET, LED, ndi zigawo zowonongeka zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zingathe kuchitidwa ndi multimeter kapena LCR mita. Zomwe zili ndi zochepa kapena zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chigawochi ndi chabwino, koma ngati chiwerengerocho chiri chapamwamba ndizomwe zikuwonetseratu kuti choyipa ndi choipa kapena kuti cholowa cha solder n'choipa. Ma diode ndi transistors akhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera ma diode pa multimeter. Chotsitsa maziko (BE) ndi magulu otha kusonkhanitsa (BC) a transistor ayenera kukhala ngati ma diode ndi machitidwe osiyana ndi njira imodzi yokha yomwe ikugwa pansi. Kufufuza kwa nodal ndi njira ina yomwe imalola kuyesedwa kosapindulitsa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pokhapokha chinthu chimodzi ndikuyesa kuyankhidwa kwake kwa vesi (V / I).

Kuyesedwa kwa IC

Zida zovuta kwambiri kuti muwone ndi IC. Ma ICs amatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi malemba awo ndipo ambiri akhoza kuyesedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscopes ndi analyzers logic, koma chiwerengero cha zida zapadera zamakonzedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mapangidwe a PCB zingayese kuyesa ICs. Kawirikawiri njira yothandiza ndi kuyerekezera khalidwe la dera lozungulira dera lodziwika bwino, lomwe liyenera kuthandizira khalidwe loipa kuti liwonongeke.