Chiyambi cha 3D Modeling Techniques
Patsikuli, takhala ndi mwayi wokuphimba zonse ndikuwongolera mozama, ndipo posachedwa tinakambirana za mtundu wa 3D . Koma ndikudandaula, takhala tikulepheretsa kupereka zowonjezereka zamtundu uliwonse pa njira ya 3D.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa zinthu bwino, takhala tikugwira ntchito mwakhama kukonzekera nkhani zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zamakono ndi zamakono za 3D modeling. Ngakhale kuti tinapereka chithunzithunzi chachidule pa zokambirana zathu? pulogalamu ya pakompyuta yamakina , inali yovuta kwambiri. Kujambula ndi nkhani yaikulu, ndipo ndime yaing'ono imatha kufotokozera pamwamba ndikuchita chilungamo.
M'masiku akudza, tipereka zokhudzana ndi njira zamaganizo zomwe zimayenera kupangidwa ndi oyimirira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ndi masewera omwe mumawakonda.
Kwa nkhani yonseyi, tiyambanso poyambitsa njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za 3D pa makina opanga makompyuta:
Njira Zowonongeka
Bokosi / Zithunzi Zogonjera
Kujambula mabokosi ndi njira yopangira ma polygonal yomwe wojambulayo amayamba ndi chilembo chamakono (cube, sphere, cylinder, etc.) ndiyeno amawongolera mawonekedwe ake mpaka mawonekedwe omwe akufunidwa apindula.
Bokosi oyang'anira nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira kumatambo otsika, kuyeretsa mawonekedwe, ndiyeno kugawaniza mesh kuti awononge mzere wolimba ndikuwonjezera tsatanetsatane. Ndondomeko yogawidwa ndi kuyeretsa imabwerezedwa mpaka meshini ili ndi mfundo zokwanira za polygonal kuti ziwonetsedwe bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi ndi njira yowonjezera ya polygonal modeling ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi njira zamakono (zomwe tidzakambirana mwa mphindi imodzi). Timayang'ana ndondomeko ya bokosi / m'mphepete mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane apa.
Zojambula Zozungulira
Kupaka chitsanzo ndi njira ina ya polygonal, ngakhale kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi bokosi lake. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chamtunduwu, m'malo moyamba ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira ndi kuyeretsa, chitsanzocho chimamangidwa pang'onopang'ono mwa kuyika makoswe a nkhope za polygonal pamtunda wotchuka, ndiyeno nkudzaza mipata iliyonse pakati pawo.
Izi zingawoneke mosavuta, koma misa ena ndi ovuta kumaliza pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi yokonzera nokha, nkhope ya munthu kukhala chitsanzo chabwino. Kuwonetsa nkhope moyenera kumafuna kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kayendetsedwe kake ndi chipolopolo , ndipo mwatsatanetsatane kuperekedwa kwazomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa. M'malo moyesa kupanga mawonekedwe a chingwe chodziwika bwino kuchokera ku cube yochuluka ya polygonal (yomwe ndi yosokoneza komanso yotsutsana), zimakhala zosavuta kumanga ndondomeko ya diso ndikuwonetseratu zina zonse. Pamene zizindikiro zazikulu (maso, milomo, pamphuno, mphuno, jawline) zimasankhidwa, zina zonse zimakhala zosavuta.
NURBS / Spline Modeling
NURBS ndiyo njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalimoto komanso mafakitale. Mosiyana ndi mapulogalamu a polygonal, manda a NURBS alibe nkhope, m'mphepete, kapena m'mbuyo. M'malo mwake, zitsanzo za NURBS zimakhala ndi malo otanthauzira bwino, opangidwa ndi "kulowetsa" matope pakati pa mizere iwiri kapena iwiri ya Bezier (yotchedwanso splines).
Mapiritsi a NURBS amapangidwa ndi chida chomwe chimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi cholembera ku MS kupenta kapena Adobe Illustrator. Mphepeteyi imatengedwa mu 3D malo ndi kusinthidwa ndi kusuntha mndandanda wa ma CDV (control vertices). Kuti apange malo a NURBS, ojambula amaloŵera pamphepete mwapamwamba, ndipo pulogalamuyo imangotanthauzira kuti palipakati pakati.
Mosiyana, malo a NURBS angapangidwe mwa kupanga mazenera apamtima kuzungulira pakatikati. Imeneyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino (komanso yofulumira) yopangira zinthu zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka m'maganizo-magalasi a vinyo, mabasiketi, mbale, ndi zina zotero.
Kupanga Zithunzi
Makampani opanga zamakono amakonda kulankhula za njira zina zomwe zatchula kuti zipangizo zamakono zowononga . Zosintha zamagetsi zimasintha momwe timaganizira za kukwaniritsa ntchito inayake. Galimoto inasintha momwe timayendera. Intaneti inasintha momwe ife timapezera chidziwitso ndi kulankhulana. Kujambulajambulajambula ndizomwe zimasokoneza zipangizo zamakono chifukwa chakuti zathandizira anthu omasuka kuchokera ku zovuta zowonjezereka za kuyerekezera ndi kuyerekezera, ndipo zimawalola kuti azitha kupanga zitsanzo za 3D mofananamo pojambula dongo la digito.
Mu kujambula kwa digito, masi amawumbidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito (Wacom) pulogalamu ya piritsi kuti aumbe ndi kupanga mtunduyo mofananamo wojambula angagwiritse ntchito maburashi ake pamtunda weniweni wa dongo. Kupanga zojambulajambula kudatenga khalidwe ndi cholengedwa cholengedwa kumalo atsopano, kupanga njirayi mofulumira, mogwira mtima, ndi kulola ojambula kuti agwire ntchito ndi mapepala apamwamba omwe ali ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a ma polygoni. Masi oundana amadziŵika chifukwa cha zinthu zakale zosaganizirika, komanso zachirengedwe (ngakhale mwachangu) zokongoletsa.
Zithunzi Zamakono
Mawu akuti procedural mu makanema a kompyuta amatanthawuza chinthu china chokhachokha, osati kulengedwa mwa manja ndi wojambula. Muzithunzi zoyendetsera, zojambula kapena zinthu zimalengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Pulogalamu yotchuka yotchedwa Vue, Bryce, ndi Terragen, malo onse angapangidwe mwa kukhazikitsa ndi kusinthasintha zachilengedwe monga kukula kwa masamba ndi kukwera kwake, kapena posankha malo ochokera ku malo monga chipululu, alpine, nyanja, ndi zina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagwiritsidwe kawirikawiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga mitengo ndi masamba, kumene kuli kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhale nthawi yowononga (kapena zosatheka konse) kuti wojambula amugwire ndi dzanja. Kugwiritsa ntchito SpeedTree kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yodalirika yopangira mitengo ndi shrubbery zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito podzitetezera bwino kwa thunthu, kutalika kwa nthambi, ngodya, kupiringa, ndi mazana ambiri. CityEngine amagwiritsira ntchito njira zomwezo kuti apange maulendo a mzindawo.
Zithunzi Zogwirizana ndi Zithunzi
Zithunzi zozikidwa pazithunzi ndi njira yomwe zinthu zosinthika 3D zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zithunzi zazithunzi ziwiri. Zojambula zojambulajambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pamene zoletsa nthawi kapena bajeti sizimalola kuti chuma cha 3D chidziwike bwino.
Mwina chitsanzo cholemekezeka kwambiri chowonetsera zithunzi chinali mu The Matrix , kumene gululo silinali ndi nthawi kapena zothandizira kuti zisonyeze maselo athunthu a 3D. Iwo amajambula zotsatila zotsatila ndi magetsi a ma digitala 360 ndiyeno amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yowamasulira kuti alole "kayendedwe ka kamera" ka 3D kupyolera muzitsulo zenizeni zenizeni.
3D Kusintha
Kujambula kwa 3D ndi njira yochepetsera zinthu zakuthupi zenizeni pamene malo okwera kwambiri a chithunzi-chithunzi akufunika. Chinthu chenicheni cha dziko (kapena ngakhale chojambula) chimafufuzidwa, kusanthuledwa, ndi deta yosakanizika (kawirikawiri x, y, z point cloud) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma polygonal kapena ma NURBS mesh yolondola. Kusinthanitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene digito yowonetsa mchitidwe weniweni akufunika, monga mu Nkhani Yopindulitsa ya Benjamin Button komwe mtsogoleri wotsogolera (Brad Pitt) ali ndi zaka zambiri m'mbuyo mwa filimuyo.
Musanayambe kudera nkhaŵa za 3D scanner m'malo mwa anthu otsogolera zachikhalidwe, ganizirani kanthawi kuti zambiri za zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ku makampani osangalatsa sizikhala zofanana kwenikweni. Mpaka tiyambe kuona zombo, alendo, ndi anthu ojambula zithunzi akuyendayenda, ndibwino kuti aganizire kuti mtsogoleri wa makampani a CG akhoza kukhala otetezeka.