Amuna Amene Anayambitsa Kupasuka
Pali zikwi zambiri za akatswiri ojambula zithunzi omwe amagwira ntchito mu mafakitale amakono a makompyuta, ndipo ali ndi udindo waukulu pakupanga maseĊµera omwe timasewera nawo ndi mafilimu omwe timayang'ana muzojambula zomwe ali nazo. Koma kumbuyo kwa aliyense wopanga digito wamkulu ndi katswiri wa zamakompyuta yemwe anathandiza kuti ntchito yawo itheke.
Nthawi zina, asayansi anali ojambula okha, nthawi zina amachokera ku chilango chosagwirizana. Chinthu chimodzi chimene munthu aliyense payendandandawu ali nacho chimodzimodzi ndikuti iwo anakankhira mafayilo a pakompyuta patsogolo. Zina mwa izo zinakhazikitsa maziko zaka zambiri zapitazo pamene makampani anali akadakali aang'ono. Ena adakonza njirayi, kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto akale.
Onse anali apainiya:
01 pa 10
Ed Catmull
Mapu Mapu, Anti-aliasing, Malo Ophatikizidwa, Z-Buffering
Chifukwa cha zikondwerero monga mmodzi wa ogwirizanitsa a Pixar Animation Studios, Ed Catmull mwinamwake ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino pa kompyuta pa mndandandawu. Aliyense amene amatha nthawi yambiri akutsatira kapena kuwerenga za makampani a Computer Graphics amapeza dzina lake kamodzi kapena kawiri, ndipo ngakhale anthu osakhudzidwa ndi mbali yeniyeni ya CG mwina amamuwona akulandira Mphoto ya Academy kuti apange luso mu 2009.
Kupatula pa Pixar, zopereka zazikulu za Catmull kumunda zimaphatikizapo kupangidwa kwa mapu (kuyesa kulingalira makampani osajambula mapu), chitukuko cha njira zowonongeka, kukonzanso malo osungirako zinthu, komanso ntchito yopanga zogwiritsa ntchito Z -kukumana (kuyang'anira kozama).
Ed Catmull analidi mmodzi mwa asayansi oyamba kupanga makompyuta kuti ayambe kukhazikitsa maziko a mafakitale amakono a makompyuta , ndipo zopereka zake kumunda zikudodometsa. Panopa akuimira pulezidenti wa Pixar ndi Walt Disney Animation Studios.
02 pa 10
Jim Blinn
Chitsanzo cha Blinn-Phong Shader, Mapu a Bump
Blinn adayamba ntchito yake ku NASA komwe adagwira ntchito pazithunzithunzi za ulendo wa Voyager, komabe ntchito yake yopanga makompyuta inabwera mu 1978 pamene adasintha njira yomwe kuwala kumagwirizanirana ndi malo a 3D m'dongosolo la mapulogalamu. Osati kokha kulemba chitsanzo cha Blinn-Phong shader, chomwe chinapereka njira yosawerengera (yotchedwa "fast") njira yowerengera pamwamba pa zojambula pa 3D model , iye amanenedwa kuti ali ndi mapulani a mapu a mapu.
03 pa 10
Loren Carpenter & Robert Cook
Reyes Kupereka
Oyamba awiri, pa mndandanda, Carpenter ndi Cook sagwirizana chifukwa adafalitsa ntchito yawo yopanga zolemba ngati olemba anzawo (Ed Catmull anathandizira kufukufuku). Awiriwa adawathandiza kwambiri pakukonza mapulogalamu a Reyes opanga mapulogalamu , omwe amapanga maziko a mapulogalamu a Pulogalamu ya PhotoRealistic RenderMan yokongola (PRMan kwaifupi).
Reyes, omwe amaimira Obwezera Zonse Zomwe Mwaziwona, akugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma studio, makamaka pa Pixar, komanso monga magulu a mapepala a Reyes omwe amawatcha kuti Renderman-ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. Kwa ma studio ang'onoang'ono ndi ojambula, Reyes wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapepala a scanner / raytracing monga Mental Ray ndi VRay.
04 pa 10
Ken Perlin
Phokoso la Perlin, Hypertexture, Real-Time Character Animation, Zipangizo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zopangira
Perlin ndi ina mwa mafakitale omwe amagwira bwino ntchito zawo ndizofunika kwambiri. Perlin Noise ndi yotchuka komanso yododometsa zowonongeka (monga, mwachangu, mophweka, palibe mapu omwe amafunikira) omwe amafika pamayendedwe onse a 3D mapulogalamu . Kuwongolera-kukwanitsa kuona kusintha kwa zojambulajambula mu nthawi yeniyeni-ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zopulumutsira mu kachipangizo cha ojambula. Ndikuganiza zojambula zenizeni zomwe zimalankhula zokha. Zida Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo Zowonjezera-yesetsani kulekanitsa chojambulajambula kuchokera ku pulogalamu yawo yodalirika ya Wacom.
Izi ndizo zonse zomwe wojambula wamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe amapanga luso. Mwinamwake palibe mapepala a Perlin omwe anali osowa ngati akuti, kupangidwa kwa mapu, koma onse ali ofunika kwambiri.
05 ya 10
Pat Hanrahan & Henrik Wann Jensen
Kufalitsa kwadongosolo, mapu a Photon
Kodi munayamba mwawonapo Toy Toy ya Pixar , kapena kuyesayesa kwina koyambirira kotembenuzidwa kwazithunzi za khalidwe laumunthu? Chinachake chimayang'ana, chabwino? Izi zili choncho chifukwa khungu la munthu silinali lopangidwa, limatulutsa, limatulutsa, kapena limatenga mbali yaikulu ya kuwala komwe imayambitsa, kumapangitsa kuti khungu lathu likhale lofiira kapena lofiira pomwe mitsempha ya magazi ili pafupi kwambiri. Kumayambiriro koyambirira sankatha kutulutsa zotsatirazi moyenera, kuchititsa anthu kuti azioneka ngati akufa kapena zombie-like.
Kufalitsa kwachitsulo (SSS) ndi njira yopangira khungu yomwe imapangitsa khungu m'magawo, ndi kusanjikiza kulikonse komwe kumatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yozungulira yomwe imachokera ku mapu akuya-ichi ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha Jensen & Hanrahan kumunda, ndipo chimathandizira momwe anthu amamasulira lero.
Mapulogalamu a mapuloteni a photon alembedwa ndi Jensen yekha, ndipo mofananamo amakhudzana ndi kuwala kupyolera mu zipangizo zosinthika. Mwapadera, mapu a photon ndi njira ziwiri zoyendera padziko lonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera kuwala kudutsa mu galasi, madzi, kapena nthunzi.
Zonsezi zinali mphoto zapadera za Academy ku ntchito yawo pa subsurface kufalitsa.
06 cha 10
Arthur Appel & Turner Atayikidwa
Raycasting & Raytracing Algorithms
Ngakhale kuti pali njira ziwiri zosiyana siyana, tikuwerengera (Appel 1968) ndipo kenako tinatulutsa (1979) kuti tigwire ntchito chifukwa Turner Anatuluka ndikumanganso ntchito zomwe Appel anachita zaka zambiri.
Pamodzi, nkhonya ziwirizo zimakhala maziko a njira zamakono zamatembenuzidwe, ndipo zimaphatikizapo mapepala a scanline chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kokhala molondola kubweretsa zozizwitsa zakuthambo monga mtundu wamagazi, mthunzi, kutalika, kusinkhasinkha, ndi kuya kwa munda. Ngakhale raytracing renderers ndi yolondola kwambiri, vuto lawo lalikulu lakhala liripo (ndipo limatsalira) liwiro lawo ndi luso lawo. Komabe ndi ma CPU amphamvu kwambiri a lero ndi hardware yopangira zithunzi, izi zakhala zochepa kwambiri.
07 pa 10
Paulo Debevec
Zithunzi Zopereka & Modeling, HDRI
Chifukwa cha kupambana kwake, Paul Debevec ndiye yekha yemwe ali ndi udindo wa "magalimoto amtsogolo akukhala mu chipinda choyera chopanda kanthu koma akuwonetseratu zojambula zonse". Koma iye ali ndi udindo wongowonjezera kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kwa akatswiri mazana a zamasamba, magalimoto, ndi amisiri.
Kusintha kwazithunzi kumatheketsa kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha HDRI (Chithunzi cha 360 degree panoramic ya chilengedwe) kuti apange mapu a kuwala kwa chiwonetsero cha 3D. Kupanga mapu owala kuchokera ku vista yeniyeni yeniyeni kumatanthauza kuti ojambula safunikanso kudutsa maola akuika magalasi ndi mabokosi owonetsera mu 3D kuti apeze ulemu.
Ntchito yake yojambula zithunzi imathandiza kuti mtundu wa 3D wapangidwe wazithunzi ukhalepo-njirazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Matrix, ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafilimu ochuluka kuyambira pamenepo.
08 pa 10
Krishnamurthy & Levoy
Mapu Okhazikika
Kumene mungayambe ndi izi ziwiri. Ntchito yawo ingakhale yophatikizapo imodzi, koma mnyamata anali wamkulu. Mapu ovomerezeka, amamangidwa pa lingaliro lakuti n'zotheka kukwaniritsa meshiti yambiri (ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a polygoni) ku khola laling'ono la polygonal cage molingana ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pazithunzi.
Zingakhale zosamveka ngati mukuchokera kumbuyo kwazithunzi zomwe sizimveka kuti mupatulire maola 80 CPU kuti mupereke nthawi yopanga filimu imodzi. Mungotenga malo osungiramo katundu odzaza makompyuta komanso opanda mphamvu, munganene.
Koma nanga bwanji mu makampani a masewera kumene malo onse akuyenera kuti apangidwe kasanu ndi kamodzi mphindi iliyonse? Kukwanitsa "kuphika" zochitika zambiri za masewera ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a mapulogoni m'katikati mwa nthawi yeniyeni yeniyeni ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa chomwe masewera amasiku ano amawonekera bwino. Magalasi a Nkhondo popanda mapu abwino? Osati mwayi.
09 ya 10
Ofer Alon & Jack Rimokh
Yakhazikitsidwa Pixologic, inapanga ZBrush
Zaka pafupifupi khumi zapitazo anyamatawa adagwedeza mafakitale pamene adayambitsa Pixologic ndipo adayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka, ZBrush. Iwo anali osakwatira okha omwe adayambitsa nthawi ya ojambulajambula, ndipo anali ndi mazanamazana ambirimbiri, osamveka bwino, owonetseratu zojambula, zojambulajambula za 3D monga dziko silinayambe lawonapo.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mapu ozolowereka, ZBrush (ndi mapulogalamu ofanana ndi Makasitomala omwe amamangidwa pamaganizo omwewo) asintha momwe a modelers amagwirira ntchito. M'malo mogwira ntchito mopitirira malire ndi kuyerekezera , tsopano ndi kotheka kujambulira mtundu wa 3D ngati chidutswa cha dongo la digito popanda kufunikira kuyika ma polygoni vertex ndi vertex.
Ndikuyamikila Pixologic m'malo mwa oyimilira paliponse. Zikomo.
10 pa 10
William Reeves
Zosintha zojambula zojambula
Reeves ndi mmodzi mwa anyamata amene atsala pang'ono kuganizira za chipewa chilichonse chomwe mungachiganizire mu makina opanga makompyuta. Anagwira ntchito monga katswiri wa zamakono pa filimu yaifupi ya John Lasseter ya Luxo Jr. (kubadwa kwa nyali ya Pixar) ndipo wasewera maudindo akuluakulu mu mafilimu khumi ndi limodzi. Zopereka zake kawirikawiri zimakhala muzochita zamakono, koma nthawi zina amapereka luso lake monga chitsanzo, ndipo ngakhale kamodzi ngati pulogalamu.
Kuchita kwake kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chenicheni chimene iye ali pa mndandandandawu, ndikulingalira njira yoyamba yolumikizira bwino kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe koyipa mu mafilimu a kompyuta.
Dziwani za kusindikiza kwa 3D.