Zithunzi Zamtundu 3D - Vertices, Edges, Polygons & More

Anatomy ya 3D Model

Zithunzi za 3D ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zojambula zithunzi za 3D. Popanda iwo, sipadzakhalanso zithunzithunzi za makompyuta-Palibe Nthano Yamaseŵera , Palibe Wall-E , palibe green green.

Sipadzakhalanso maseŵera a 3D, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sitiyenera kuyang'ana Hyrule ku Ocarina wa Time , ndipo Master Chief sanali pa Halo. Sipakanakhala mafilimu otha kusintha (momwe timawadziwira lero), ndipo malonda a galimoto sakanatha kuwoneka ngati awa.

Chinthu chirichonse, khalidwe, ndi chilengedwe, mu kanema iliyonse yamafilimu kapena masewero a pakompyuta a 3D, ili ndi zitsanzo za 3D. Inde, iwo ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'dziko la CG.

Kodi 3D Model ndi chiyani?

Chitsanzo cha 3D ndi chiwonetsero cha masamu cha chinthu chilichonse chokhala ndi zitatu (zenizeni kapena zoganizira) mu malo a 3D mapulogalamu. Mosiyana ndi chithunzi cha 2D, zitsanzo za 3D zimatha kuwonetsedwa muzipangizo zamapulogalamu apadera kuchokera kumbali iliyonse, ndipo zimatha kusinthidwa, kusinthidwa, kapena kusinthidwa momasuka. Njira yokonza ndi kupanga mawonekedwe a 3D imadziwika ngati maonekedwe atatu.

Mitundu ya Ma Models 3D

Pali mitundu iwiri yapadera ya ma 3D omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu filimu ndi masewera osewera masewera, kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kuli kofanana ndi momwe akugwiritsidwira ndi kusinthidwa (pali kusiyana pakati pa masamu omwewo, koma ndizosafunikira mpaka mapeto -user).

1. Madzi a pamwamba: Maonekedwe osayenerera a B-spline, kapena a NURBS pamwamba ndi omwe amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mazenera a Bezier (monga 3D 3D ya cholembera cha pa Paint Paint). Kuti apange mawonekedwe a NURBS, wojambulayo amakoka maulendo awiri kapena kuposerapo mu danga la 3D, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa matchulidwe otchedwa control vertices (CVs) potsatira x, y, kapena z axis.
   1. Mapulogalamuwa amatanthauzira danga pakati pa ma curve ndi kupanga manda yosalala pakati pawo. Malo a NURBS ali ndipamwamba kwambiri ya masamu ndipo motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo pakuwonetsera zamakono ndi kupanga magalimoto. ???
2. Chitsanzo cha polygonal: Zitsanzo za polygonal kapena "meshes" monga momwe zimatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri ya 3D yomwe imapezeka mu mafashoni , mafilimu, ndi masewera, ndipo idzakhala mtundu womwe tidzakambirana nawo zotsalira za nkhaniyi.

Zopangira Zitsanzo za Polygonal

• Zojambula: Zofotokozera za polygonal chitsanzo ndi kuti (mosiyana ndi NURBS Surfaces) mapepala a polygonal ali ndi mbali , kutanthauza kuti pamwamba pa 3D chitsanzo ndi mazana kapena zikwi nkhope nkhope.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chabwino, mapoloni ali ndi mbali zinayi ( quads -chizoloŵezi cha chikhalidwe / maonekedwe) kapena atatu (mbali ya tris- yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamasewero a masewera). Owonetsa bwino amayesetsa kuti azichita bwino ndi kuyesera, kuyesera kusunga mapulogalamu a polygon monga momwe angathere kuti apangidwe.

Chiwerengero cha ma polygoni mu meshiti, amatchedwa poly-count , pamene polygon yeniyeni imatchedwa chisankho . Zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za 3D zili ndi kuthetsa kwakukulu? Kumene kuli zofunikira zambiri - monga manja kapena nkhope za munthu, ndi chisankho chochepa muzomwe zimakhazikika. Kawirikawiri, kukwera kwakukulu kwachitsanzo, kutsegula kudzawonekera pamasulira omaliza. Mayeza otsika pansi amayang'ana boxy (kumbukirani Mario 64 ?).

• Mphepete: Pamphepete paliponse paliponse pazithunzi za 3D pamene nkhope ziwiri zimagwirizana.
• Mitsempha: Mfundo yotseguka pakati pa zitatu kapena kupitilira m'mphepete imatchedwa vertex ( mapepala owona ). Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazithunzi pa x, y, ndi z-axes (zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti "kuponyera ndi kukoka zitsamba") ndi njira yowonjezereka yopanga mapepala a polygonal mu mapepala monga Maya, 3Ds Max, etc. . (Njira ndizosiyana kwambiri popanga zojambula monga ZBrush kapena Mudbox.)

Zitsanzo za polygonal zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe ojambula omwe mwinamwake mwaphunzira pa sukulu yapakati. Monga ngati cube yamakono, ma 3D 3D polygonal ali ndi nkhope, m'mphepete, ndi zowona .

Ndipotu, zitsanzo zambiri zovuta kwambiri za 3D zimayambira monga mawonekedwe a zojambulajambula, monga kube, sphere, kapena silinda. Zithunzi zofunikira kwambiri za 3D zimatchedwa chinthu choyambirira . Zomwe zimayambitsidwa zimatha kukhala zojambulidwa, zojambula, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chilichonse chomwe wojambula akuyesera kulenga (monga momwe tikufunira kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, tiyang'ana momwe 3D imayendera mu nkhani yapadera).

Pali mbali ina imodzi ya zitsanzo za 3D zimene ziyenera kuyankhidwa:

Textures ndi Shaders

Popanda mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi, 3D model sichiwoneka ngati zambiri. Ndipotu simungathe kuziwona. Ngakhale maonekedwe ndi mithunzi sagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe onse a 3D, iwo ali ndi chirichonse chochita ndi mawoneka ake.

• Zithunzi: Mthunzi ndi dongosolo la malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku 3D model yomwe imalola makompyuta kudziwa momwe ayenera kuwonetsera. Ngakhale ma shading angathe kulembedwa pamanja, mapulogalamu ambiri a 3D ali ndi zida zomwe amavomerezayo amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizozi, wojambula amatha kuyendetsa njira yomwe pamwamba pake ikugwirizanirana ndi kuwala, kuphatikizapo opacity, reflectivity, highlighting (glossiness), ndi ena ambiri.
• Textures: Textures imathandizanso kwambiri pa maonekedwe a maonekedwe. Mavesi ndi mafayilo a zithunzi ziwiri omwe angapangidwe pamtanda wa 3D kudzera mu ndondomeko yotchedwa mapping mapping . Ma Textures angapangidwe movuta kuchokera kumalo ophweka omwe amawoneka bwino.

Kulemba ndi kulemba ndizofunika kwambiri pa pulogalamu yamakina a makompyuta , komanso kulembera bwino mapulogalamu a mapepala kapena kupanga mapu a zojambula ndizopadera. Ojambula ndi ojambula amawathandiza kwambiri pakuwonera kanema kapena fano monga owonetsera kapena owonetsera.

Inu munapanga izo!

Tikukhulupirira, pa nthawi ino, mukudziwa pang'ono za zitsanzo za 3D ndi zizindikiro zawo zoyambirira. Pakati pawo, zitsanzo za 3D zimangokhala zovuta zojambulajambula ndi mazana a nkhope zochepa za polygonal. Ngakhale, mosakayikira amasangalala kuti muwerenge za zitsanzo za 3D, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuzipanga nokha.