M'nkhani yam'mbuyomu, tinayambitsa njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina opanga makompyuta. Pamene tikulemba nkhaniyi, tawona kuti zigawo zomwe zili pa bokosi ndi machitidwe oyendayenda zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe tinkafunira.
Pamapeto pake, tinaganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kuti tipewe zambiri zamtunduwu ku nkhani yapadera. Pachigawo ichi, tidzakambirana za zida ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi za 3D.
Mu polygonal modeling , wojambula amachititsa chiwonetsero cha digito cha chinthu cha 3D chokhala ndi maimidwe ojambulira okhala ndi nkhope, m'mphepete, ndi m'mitsinje . Maonekedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi kapena atatu, ndipo amapanga pamwamba pa 3D model. Kudzera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi, chitsanzo choterechi chimasintha mithunzi yamtengo wapatali ya 3D (kawirikawiri kacube, silinda, kapena mpweya) kukhala chitsanzo chonse cha 3D:
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Kuthamanga
Kuthamanga ndi njira yowonjezeramo geometry ku polygon yosakayika, ndipo chimodzi mwa zipangizo zoyambirira zomwe ojambula amagwiritsira ntchito kuti ayambe kupanga mawonekedwe.
Kupyolera mu mtambo wa extrusion umayendetsa misala ya 3D mwa kugwedeza nkhope payekha (kupanga indentation), kapena kutulutsa nkhope panja pamtunda wake wamba -malo otsogolera kumaso kwa nkhope ya polygonal.
Kutambasula nkhope ya quadrilateral kumapanga mapulogoni atsopano anayi kuti athetse kusiyana pakati pa malo ake oyambira ndi kutha. Kuthamanga kungakhale kovuta kuwonetsa popanda chitsanzo cha konkire:
- Taganizirani za piramidi yosavuta , yomwe ili ndi maziko okwana 4. A modeler angasinthe piramidi yapachiyambi kukhala mawonekedwe ngati nyumba posankha maziko a piramidi ndi kutulutsa izo mu yosokoneza Y ulendowo. Pansi ya piramidi imasunthira pansi, ndipo nkhope zinayi zowongoka zimapangidwira pamtunda pakati pa chiyambi ndi kapu. Chitsanzo chofananachi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa poyesa miyendo ya tebulo kapena mpando.
- Mphepete ingathenso kutulutsidwa. Pamene kuthamanga pamphepete, kumakhala kosawerengeka-mbali yomweyi imatha kuchotsedwa kapena kusinthidwa kuchoka ku choyambirira kumbali iliyonse, ndi nkhope yatsopano ya polygonal yomwe imalumikizidwa kuti ikhale yolumikizana. Iyi ndi njira yoyamba yopangira ma geometry mu ndondomeko yoyendetsera njira.
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Kugawa
Kuwombera pansi ndi njira ya owonetsera kuti awonjezere chigwirizano cha polygonal ku chitsanzo, mwina mofanana kapena mwasankha. Chifukwa njira ya polygonal imayambira kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chochepa chotsika kwambiri ndi nkhope zocheperako, ndizosatheka kupanga fomu yomaliza popanda chigawo china chogawidwa.
- Chigawo chofanana chigawenga chimagawaniza lonse lapansi lachitsanzo mofanana. Kugwirizanitsa mofanana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu, kutanthauza kuti nkhope iliyonse ya polygonal imagawidwa kukhala inayi. Kugwirizanitsa kamodzi kumathandizira kuthetsa "blockiness," ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mofananitsa pamwamba pa chitsanzo.
- Mitsempha ya Edge - Chisankho chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwa kusankha mosakaniza mapepala owonjezera. Mzere wokhotakhota ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa pazitsulo zilizonse zosakanikirana za ma polygonal, kugawa nkhope zosankhidwa popanda kuwonjezera mopanda malire ku meshiti yonseyo. Zovala zam'mphepete zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera chigamulo m'madera a chitsanzo chomwe chimafuna kuti chidziwitso chikhale chosiyana kwambiri ndi geometry yoyandikana nayo (maondo ndi zidutswa za chigoba cha chitsanzo cha khalidwe ndi chitsanzo chabwino, monga milomo ndi maso).
Zingwe zam'mphepete zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera malo operekera extrusion kapena chigawo cha yunifolomu. Pomwe paliponse paliponse paliponse, mbali zonse zovuta zimakonzedwa ndi kuyendetsedwa-ngati kugawanidwa kumafunidwa koma woyimilira angafune kusunga mbali zina zovuta, akhoza kusungidwa poika malire kumbali zonse kumapeto kwake. Zotsatira zomwezo zingapezeke kudzera pogwiritsa ntchito bevel , yomwe ikufotokozedwa pansipa.
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Mizati kapena Chamfers
Ngati mwakhala mukupanga engineering, kupanga mafakitale, kapena minda yamatabwa konse, mawu a bevel angakhale akulemera kwa inu.
Mwachikhazikitso, m'mphepete mwa njira ya 3D imakhala yovuta kwambiri-chikhalidwe chomwe sichimachitika konse mu dziko lenileni. Yang'anani pozungulira inu. Poyang'anitsitsa kwambiri, pafupifupi kulikonse komwe mumakumana nawo kudzakhala ndi taper kapena round round.
Chokhalira chokhacho chimapangitsa chidwi ichi, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa m'mphepete mwa 3D model:
- Mwachitsanzo, pamphepete mwachitsulo pamakhala makina okwana 90 degrees pakati pa awiri awiri. Kukhazikitsa mapiriwa kumapanga nkhope yocheperapo 45 pakati pa ndege zowonongeka kuti zichepetse maonekedwe a m'mphepete ndikuthandizira kubetiyo kuyanjana ndi kuwala mopanda malire. Kutalika (kapena kusokoneza ) kwa bevel, komanso kuzungulira kwake kungadziŵike ndi woyimilira.
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Kukonza / Kupanga
Zomwe zimatchedwanso "kukankhira ndi kukoka zowona," zitsanzo zambiri zimafuna kusintha kwapadera. Pamene akukonza chitsanzo, wojambula amasuntha maulendo pambali pa x, y, kapena z axis kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino.
Chifaniziro chokwanira chokonzekera chikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu ntchito ya ojambula achikhalidwe: Wosema zithunzi akayamba kugwira ntchito, amachotsa zojambula zazikulu, poyang'ana mawonekedwe ake onse. Kenaka akubwezeretsanso chigawo chilichonse chojambula ndi "rake brush" kuti ayang'ane pamwamba ndi kuwonetsa zofunikirazo.
Kukonza njira ya 3D ndi yofanana kwambiri. Mitundu yonse ya extrusion, bevel, edge-edge, kapena subdivision, kawirikawiri imatsatiridwa ndi osachepera pang'ono a vertex-by-vertex kukonzanso.
Gawo lokonzanso lingakhale lopweteka kwambiri ndipo mwinamwake limagwiritsa ntchito 90 peresenti ya nthawi yonse yomwe woyimilira amatha pa chidutswa. Zitha kutenga masekondi makumi atatu okha kuti ziike pamphepete mwachitsulo, kapena zimatulutsa kunja, koma sizingamveke kuti woyimitsa amathera maola ambiri akuyesa dothi lapafupi pafupi (makamaka momwe akuwonetsera zokongola, kumene kusintha kwabwino kuli kosavuta komanso kobisika ).
Kukonzanso ndikumapeto kwachithunzi chomwe chimatengera chitsanzo kuchokera kuntchito ndikupita kumapeto.