Chotsatira Pang'onopang'ono Phunziro Loyamba

Kugwiritsira ntchito Excel sikovuta monga zikuwonekera

Excel ndi pulojekiti ya spreadsheet progam (aka software ) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga, kukonzekera ndi kusunga deta.

Deta imasungidwa m'maselo apadera omwe nthawi zambiri amawongolera mndandanda wa zipilala ndi mzere m'ndandanda. Mndandanda wa zipilala ndi mizere akutchulidwa ngati tebulo. Ma tebulo amagwiritsira ntchito mitu ya mzere wapamwamba ndi pansi kumanzere kwa tebulo kuti mudziwe deta yosungidwa patebulo.

Excel ikhozanso kupanga mawerengedwe pa deta pogwiritsira ntchito mafomu . Ndipo kuti zithandize kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti mupeze ndi kuziwerenga zomwe zili mu tsamba, Excel ili ndi maonekedwe angapo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa maselo apadera, kuti apange mazere ndi ma column, kapena ku matebulo onse a deta.

Popeza tsamba lililonse lamasulidwe m'zaka zaposachedwa za Excel lili ndi maselo mabiliyoni ambiri pa tsamba, selo iliyonse ili ndi adiresi yotchedwa selo yeniyeni kotero kuti ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwa malemba, masatidwe, ndi zina mwa pulogalamuyi.

Phunziroli limaphatikizapo masitepe oyenera kulenga ndi kupanga mapepala apamwamba omwe ali ndi tebulo la deta, malemba, ndi maonekedwe omwe awonedwa mu chithunzi pamwambapa.

Nkhani zomwe zili mu phunziroli ndi izi:

• Kulowa deta mu tebulo
• Kukulitsa mapepala apamanja a pa tsamba
• Kuonjezera tsiku lamakono komanso wotchulidwa pazokambirana
• Kuwonjezera mawonekedwe ochotsera
• Kuwonjezera ndondomeko ya malipiro
• Kujambula zowonjezera ndi Ntchito Yodzaza
• Kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha nambala ku deta
• Kuwonjezera maonekedwe a selo

01 a 08

Kuyambira Deta ya Deta

Kulowetsa deta kumaselo apakompyuta nthawi zonse ndi njira zitatu.

Izi ndi izi:

1. Dinani mu selo komwe mukufuna deta kupita.
2. Lembani deta mu selo.
3. Lembani fungulo lolowani mukhiyi kapena dinani pa selo ina ndi mbewa.

Monga tanenera, selo lirilonse lomwe lili mu tsamba lamasamba limadziwika ndi adiresi kapena selo , zomwe zili ndi kalata ya mzere ndi mzere womwe umatsagana pa selo.

Mukamalemba selo, kalata yam'mbali nthawi zonse imalembedwa pambuyo pake ndi nambala ya mzere - monga A5, C3, kapena D9.

Mukalowetsa deta yamaphunzirowa, ndikofunikira kuti mulowetse deta mu maselo olondola a masamba. Mafomu omwe alowetsedwera muzitsatira zotsatila amagwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe a maselo a deta omwe alowetsamo tsopano.

Kulowa Datorial Data

1. Kuti muzitsatira phunziroli, gwiritsani ntchito mafotokozedwe a maselo a deta omwe akuwonedwa mu chithunzi pamwambapa kuti mulowetse deta yonse mu tsamba losalemba la Excel.

02 a 08

Kukulitsa Ma Columns mu Excel

Mwachilendo, m'lifupi la selo limaloleza malemba asanu ndi atatu okha omwe angalowetse deta asanatulukire deta yomwe ikupita kumanja.

Ngati selo kapena maselo omwe ali kumanja alibe kanthu, deta yomwe imalowetsedwa imawonekera pa tsamba la ntchito, monga momwe tawonera ndi mutu wa zolemba zolemba Kukonza Kuchokera kwa Ogwira ntchito kulowa mu selo A1.

Ngati selo kumanja imakhala ndi deta, zomwe zili mu selo yoyamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasamba asanu ndi atatu oyambirira.

Selo zingapo za deta zidalowa mu sitepe yapitayi, monga chizindikiro cha Deduction Rate: inalowa mu selo B3 ndi Thompson A. inalowetsedwa mu selo A8 imadulidwa chifukwa maselo kumanja ali ndi deta.

Kuti athetse vuto ili kuti deta ikuwonekere bwino, zipilala zomwe zili ndi deta ziyenera kukulitsidwa.

Monga ndi mapulogalamu onse a Microsoft, pali njira zambiri zowonjezera ma columns . Masitepe omwe ali m'munsimu akuthandizani momwe mungakulitsire zipilala pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa.

Kukulitsa Mawonekedwe Athu Omwe Mukugwira Ntchito

1. Ikani pointer ya mouse pamzere pakati pa ndime A ndi B mu mutu wa mutu .
2. Chojambulacho chidzasinthira kuvivi la mutu wawiri.
3. Dinani ndikugwiritsira pansi batani lamanzere ndi kukokera chingwe chophindikizira kumanja kuti mukulitse chikhomo A mpaka kulowa kwathunthu Thompson A. kuonekera.
4. Yambani zikho zina kuti musonyeze deta ngati mukufunikira.

Zolemba Zowonjezera ndi Zina Zopangira Ntchito

Popeza kuti mutu wa ntchito umakhala motalika kwambiri poyerekezera ndi malemba ena m'kabuku A, ngati chigawochi chikulitsidwa powonetsera mutu wonse mu selo A1, pepala lapawunilo silidzawoneka ngati lopanda kanthu, koma zingakhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito tsambali chifukwa mipata pakati pa malembo kumanzere ndi zigawo zina za deta.

Popeza palibe zolembedwera mu mzera woyamba, sizolondola kuti mutisiye mutuwo monga - kutayira mu maselo kumanja. Mwinanso, Excel ili ndi mbali yotchedwa merge ndi center yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pang'onopang'ono kuti ipambitse mutu wake pa tebulo la deta.

03 a 08

Kuwonjezera Tsiku ndi Ndondomeko Yake

Tsiku Lakugwira mwachidule

Ndi zachilendo kuwonjezera tsikulo ku spreadsheet - nthawi zambiri kuti amve pamene pepalayo idasinthidwa.

Excel ili ndi ntchito zamtundu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kulowa tsikulo kukhala kapepala.

Ntchito zangopangidwira zokhazokha mu Excel kuti zikhale zosavuta kumaliza ntchito zomwe anthu ambiri amachita - monga kuwonjezera tsikulo pa tsamba.

Ntchito ya MASIKU ano ndi yosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito chifukwa ilibe zifukwa - zomwe ndi deta yomwe imayenera kuperekedwa kuntchito kuti igwire ntchito.

Ntchito ya MASIKU ano ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zowonongeka za Excel, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimadzikonzanso zokha nthawi zonse zomwe zimakonzanso - zomwe nthawi zambiri ntchitoyi imatsegulidwa.

Kuwonjezera Tsiku ndi Ntchito YA MASIKU ano

Masitepe omwe ali m'munsiwa adzawonjezera MASIKU ano ntchito ku selo C2 ya tsamba.

1. Dinani pa selo C2 kuti mupange selo yogwira ntchito
2. Dinani pa Fomu tab ya riboni
3. Dinani pa Chingwe cha Tsiku ndi Nthawi pa Riboni kuti mutsegule mndandanda wa tsikulo
4. Dinani pa Lero kugwira ntchito kuti mubweretse bokosi lazokambirana
5. Dinani KULI mu bokosi la bokosi kuti mulowetse ntchitoyi ndi kubwerera kuntchito
6. Tsiku lamakono liyenera kuwonjezedwa ku selo C2

Kuwona ###### Zizindikiro m'malo mwa Tsiku

Ngati mndandanda wa zizindikiro za chizindikiro cha hashi zikuwonekera mu selo C2 mmalo mwa tsiku mutatha kuwonjezera ntchito ya MASIKU ano kupita ku seloyo, ndichifukwa chakuti selo silokwanira mokwanira kuti liwonetse deta yosinthidwa.

Monga tanenera kale, manambala osasinthidwa kapena deta yamatsinje amapita kumaselo opanda kanthu ngati ali aakulu kwambiri kwa selo. Deta yomwe yapangidwira ngati nambala yeniyeni - monga ndalama, masiku, kapena nthawi, komabe, musawonongeke ku selo lotsatira ngati ali ochuluka kusiyana ndi selo limene ali. M'malo mwake, amasonyeza ###### zolakwika.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, yambani chigawo C pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu gawo lapitalo la phunziroli.

Kuwonjezera Range Yamtundu

Mtundu wotchulidwa umatulutsidwa pamene maselo amodzi kapena angapo apatsidwa dzina kuti mndandandawo ukhale wosavuta kuzindikira. Mizere yotchulidwa ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mmalo mwa zolemba za selo pamene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito, malemba, ndi ma chati.

Njira yosavuta yopanga mapepala apamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la bokosi lomwe lili pamwamba pa ngodya yapamwamba pa tsamba lapamwamba pamwamba pa manambala a mzere.

Mu phunziroli, dzina lakelo lidzaperekedwa kwa selo C6 kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa chiwombolo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malipiro a antchito. Zina zotchulidwazo zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fomu yamakono yomwe idzawonjezeredwa ku maselo C6 mpaka C9 pa tsamba la ntchito.

1. Sankhani selo C6 patsamba
2. Lembani "mlingo" (palibe ndemanga) mu Bokosi la Dzina ndipo dinani fungulo lolowamo mu kibokosi
3. Cell C6 tsopano ili ndi dzina la "mlingo"

Dzina limeneli lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti likhale losavuta kupanga zolemba zotsalira muzitsatira lotsatira.

04 a 08

Kulowa Muyeso Wopereka Ntchito

Zowonjezera Mafomu Mwachidule

Mafomu apadera amakulolani kuti muchite mawerengero pa chiwerengero cha chiwerengero chomwe chinapangidwira pa tsamba .

Mafomu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zowonongeka, monga kuwonjezerapo kapena kuchotsa, komanso kuwerengera kovuta, monga kuwerengera pafupipafupi zotsatira za mayesero, ndi kuwerengera ndalama zogulira ngongole.

• Mafomu a Excel nthawi zonse amayamba ndi chizindikiro chofanana ( = )
• Chizindikiro chofanana chimaikidwa nthawi zonse mu selo kumene mukufuna yankho liwonekere
• Fomuyi imatsirizidwa mwa kukanikiza fungulo lolowamo pa makiyi

Kugwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za magulu mu mafomu

Njira yodziwika yopanga mafomu mu Excel ikuphatikiza kuika deta yamakono m'maselo ogwira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe a selo pa deta, m'malo mwa deta palokha.

Njira yaikulu yowonjezeramo ndi yakuti ngati patapita nthawi pakufunika kusintha deta , ndi chinthu chophweka chotsatira deta mu maselo mmalo molembanso ndondomekoyi.

Zotsatira za fomuyi zidzasinthidwa pokhapokha ngati deta isintha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Mapu Otchulidwa mu Mafomu

Njira ina yowonetsera maselo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mayina otchulidwapo - monga dzina lotchulidwa pamtundu wapitawo.

Mwachidule, ntchito yotchulidwa bwino imakhala yofanana ndi selo koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'mawu osiyanasiyana - monga kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja cha penshoni kapena zopindulitsa zaumoyo, msonkho wa msonkho, kapena sayansi nthawi zonse - pamene ma selo ndilothandiza kwambiri m'mafomu omwe amatchula deta yapadera kamodzi kokha.

M'magulu otsatirawa, mafotokozedwe onse a selo ndi dzina lotchulidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafomu.

Kulowa Muyeso Wopereka Ntchito

Njira yoyamba yomwe idapangidwa mu selo C6 idzachulukitsa Misonkho Yopindulitsa ya wogwira ntchito B. Smith ndi mlingo wogwidwa mu selo C3.

Fomu yomalizidwa mu selo C6 idzakhala:

= B6 * mlingo

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Poyang'ana Kulowa Fomu

Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kulembera ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi mu selo C6 ndikukhala ndi yankho lolondola, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsa kuwonjezera mafotokozedwe a maselo kuti asapangitse zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa polemba zolakwika pa selo lolakwika.

Kujambula kumaphatikizapo kudalira selo yomwe ili ndi deta ndi ndondomeko ya mouse kuti kuwonjezeredwa kwazithunzi za selo kapena kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa fomu.

1. Dinani pa selo C6 kuti mupange selo yogwira ntchito
2. Lembani chizindikiro chofanana ( = ) mu selo C6 kuti muyambe njirayi
3. Dinani pa selo B6 ndi ndondomeko yamagulu kuti muwonjezere kuti selolo likutanthawuza pa chiganizo pambuyo pa chizindikiro chofanana
4. Lembani chizindikiro chofutukula ( * ) mu selo C6 mutatha kufotokozera maselo
5. Dinani pa selo C3 ndi ndondomeko ya mbewa kuti muwonjezerepo dzina lotchulidwapo pamtunduwu
6. Lembani fungulo lolowamo lolowera mubokosilo kuti mukwaniritse chithunzicho
7. Yankho 2747.34 liyenera kupezeka mu selo C6
8. Ngakhale kuti yankho lazomwelo likuwonetsedwa mu selo C6, kudumpha pa seloyo kudzawonetsa chiwombankhanga = B6 * mlingo mu barra yodutsa pamwamba pa tsamba

05 a 08

Kulowa mu Net Salary Formula

Kulowa mu Net Salary Formula

Lamuloli limapangidwa mu selo D6 ndipo limawerengera malipilo a antchito pochotserapo ndalama zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso yoyamba kuchokera ku Misonkho Yambiri .

Fomu yomalizidwa mu selo D6 idzakhala:

= B6 - C6

1. Dinani pa selo D6 kuti mupange selo yogwira ntchito
2. Lembani chizindikiro chofanana ( = ) mu selo D6
3. Dinani pa selo B6 ndi ndondomeko yamagulu kuti muwonjezere kuti selolo likutanthawuza pa chiganizo pambuyo pa chizindikiro chofanana
4. Lembani chizindikiro chochepa ( - ) mu selo D6 mutatha kufotokozera maselo
5. Dinani pa selo C6 ndi ndondomeko yamagulu ku selo loyang'ana pa ndondomekoyi
6. Lembani fungulo lolowamo lolowera mubokosilo kuti mukwaniritse chithunzicho
7. Yankho la 43,041,66 liyenera kupezeka mu selo D6
8. Kuti muwone ndondomekoyi mu selo D6, dinani pa seloyo kuti muwonetse fomu = B6 - C6 mu bar

Mafotokozedwe a Cell Relative ndi Kujambula Mafomu

Pakadali pano, njira zopangira ndalama zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zawonjezedwa pa selo imodzi yokha payekhaseti - C6 ndi D6 motsatira.

Chotsatira chake, tsamba lamasamba tsopano likumaliza ntchito imodzi yokha - B. Smith.

M'malo mochita ntchito yowonongeka nthawi yowonjezeramo ntchito ya antchito ena, zilolezo za Excel, nthawi zina, malemba akukopedwa ku maselo ena.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa selo - wotchedwa selo yeniyeni yeniyeni - mwa njira.

Mafotokozedwe a selo omwe alembedwera m'mawu omwe adayang'aniridwa kale, akhala akunena za maselo, ndipo ndiwo mtundu wosasinthika wa selolo mu Excel, kuti apange mafayilo ojambula molunjika momwe angathere.

Gawo lotsatira mu phunziroli limagwiritsa ntchito Lembetseni Mankhwala kuti mufanizire mafomu awiriwo ku mizera ili pansi kuti mukwaniritse tebulo ladongosolo kwa ogwira ntchito onse.

06 ya 08

Kujambula Mafomu ndi Mankhwala Odzaza

Lembani mwachidwi Masunagoge

Mankhwala odzaza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'ono ta malo akuda.

Mankhwala odzaza ali ndi ntchito zambiri kuphatikizapo kukopera selo m'kati mwa maselo oyandikana nawo. Kudzaza maselo ndi manambala angapo kapena malemba, ndi kukopera ma fomu.

Mu sitepe iyi, phunziroli lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza zonse Zopereka ndi Net Salary ma formula kuchokera m'maselo C6 ndi D6 mpaka maselo C9 ndi D9.

Kujambula Mafomu ndi Mankhwala Odzaza

1. Onetsetsani maselo B6 ndi C6 mu tsamba la ntchito
2. Ikani pointeru ya mbewa pamtunda wakuda kumbali ya kumanja ya selo D6 - pointer idzasintha ku chizindikiro chowonjezera "+"
3. Dinani ndikugwiritsira pansi batani lamanzere ndipo yesani kugwiritsira ntchito pansi pa cell C9
4. Tulutsani batani la mbewa - maselo C7 mpaka C9 ayenera kukhala ndi zotsatira za mawonekedwe a Deduction ndi maselo D7 mpaka D9 pa Net Salary formula

07 a 08

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kujambula Nambala mu Excel

Zowonongeka kwa Nambala ya Excel

Kusintha kwa chiwerengero kumatanthauza kuwonjezera kwa zizindikiro za ndalama, zizindikiro zapakati, zizindikiro za peresenti, ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira mtundu wa deta zomwe zilipo mu selo ndi kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwerenga.

Kuwonjezera Chizindikiro cha Peresenti

1. Sankhani selo C3 kuti muwonetsetse izo
2. Dinani pa tabu la Home la riboni
3. Dinani pa Chinthu Chachikulu kuti mutsegule menyu yakutsitsa Fomu ya Nambala
4. Mu menyu, dinani pa Peresenti yokha yosintha mtundu wa mtengo mu selo C3 kuyambira 0.06 mpaka 6%

Kuwonjezera Ndalama Zamtengo

1. Sankhani maselo D6 mpaka D9 kuti awoneke
2. Pabukhu la kunyumba la riboni, dinani pazomwe Mungasankhe kuti mutsegule Masitimu apamwamba
3. Dinani pa Ndalamazo mu menyu kuti musinthe maonekedwe a chiyero mu maselo D6 mpaka D9 mpaka ndalama ndi malo awiri osankha

08 a 08

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kupanga Mafelemu a Cell mu Excel

Kufotokozera Kukongola kwa Kagulu

Kusintha kwa magulu kumatanthawuzira njira zomwe mungasankhe - monga kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo olimbitsa thupi polemba malemba kapena manambala, kusintha kusintha kwa deta, kuwonjezera malire ku maselo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano ndi malo osinthira kusintha kusintha kwa deta mu selo.

Mu phunziroli, mawonekedwe a selo omwe tatchulidwa pamwambawa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ku maselo enieni omwe ali mu worksheet kuti agwirizane ndi mapepala omalizidwa omwe ali patsamba 1 la phunziroli.

Kuwonjezera Kujambula Bold

1. Sankhani selo A1 kuti liwonetsetse izo.
2. Dinani pa tabu la Home la riboni .
3. Dinani pazomwe mungapangire mtundu wa Bold monga momwe mukuwonetsera pa chithunzi pamwambapa kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso cha data mu selo A1.
4. Bwerezaninso ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti musinthe deta m'maselo A5 mpaka D5.

Kusinthasintha kwa Dongosolo la Data

Chinthu ichi chidzasintha kusinthika kwaseri kwasinthani kwa maselo angapo kuti pakhale mgwirizano

1. Sankhani selo C3 kuti muwonetsetse izo.
2. Dinani pa tabu la Home la riboni.
3. Dinani pazomwe mungagwirizanitse Pakati pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pamwambapa kuti muyike deta mu selo C3.
4. Bwerezaninso ndondomekoyi yotsatirayi kuti muyambe kulumikiza deta m'maselo A5 mpaka D5.

Kuyanjana ndi Maselo Amkati

Kusakanikirana ndi Pakati Pakati kumaphatikizapo angapo osankhidwa mu selo imodzi ndikuikapo deta kulowa mu selo yambiri yamanzere kudutsa selo yatsopano. Gawo ili lidzaphatikizana ndikuyika mutu wa zolemba - Kuwerengera Kuchokera kwa Ogwira Ntchito ,

1. Sankhani maselo A1 mpaka D1 kuti awoneke.
2. Dinani pa tabu la Home la riboni.
3. Dinani pa Kusakanikirana ndi Pakati Pakati monga momwe tawonetsera mu chithunzi pamwambapa kuti tumikizanitse maselo A1 mpaka D1 ndikuyikira mutu pamsewu awa.

Kuwonjezera Mitsinje Yam'munsi kwa Maselo

Gawo ili lidzawonjezera malire apansi kumaselo omwe ali ndi deta m'mizere 1, 5, ndi 9

1. Sankhani selo lophatikizidwa A1 mpaka D1 kuti liwonetsetse.
2. Dinani pa tabu la Home la riboni.
3. Dinani kumsana wotsika pafupi ndi Chotsatira cha Border monga momwe chikuzindikiridwa mu chithunzi pamwambapa kuti mutsegule mapepala akutsitsa pansi.
4. Dinani pazowonjezera Zamtundu Wamtundu mu menyu kuti muwonjezere malire mpaka pansi pa selo lophatikizidwa.
5. Bwerezaninso ndondomeko yotsatirayi kuti muwonjezere malire apansi ku maselo A5 mpaka D5 ndi maselo A9 mpaka D9.