Sysklogd imapereka mautumiki awiri omwe amapereka zothandizira kuika mitengo ndi mauthenga a uthenga wa kernel. Zothandizira pazitsulo zamtundu wa intaneti ndi unix zimathandiza kuti phukusi lothandizira likhale lothandizira kudula mitengo.
Kugula kwadongosolo kumaperekedwa ndi syslogd (8) yomwe imachokera ku zida za BSD. Chithandizo cha kugula kernel chimaperekedwa ndi klogd (8) yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imalola kuti mapulogalamu a kernel achitidwe mwachithunzi kapena ngati chithandizo cha syslogd.
Syslogd imapereka mtundu wa mitengo yomwe mapulogalamu ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito. Uthenga uliwonse umakhala ndi nthawi ndi malo otchuka, gawo la dzina la pulogalamu, nayenso, koma zimadalira momwe pulogalamuyi ikudalira.
Ngakhale magwero a syslogd asinthidwa kwambiri makalata angapo ali mu dongosolo. Choyambirira pa zonse pakhala kuyesayesa kotsimikizirika kuti syslogd imatsata kusasinthika, khalidwe lachikhalidwe la BSD. Mfundo yachiwiri yofunikira ndiyikuti syslogd iyi imayankhula momveka bwino ndi syslog yomwe imapezeka m'malaibulale. Ngati kamphindi kogwirizanitsidwa ndi makanema ogwirizana omwe sagwirizane ntchito sitingakonde chitsanzo cha khalidwe loipa.
Choyimira chosinthika fayilo /etc/syslog.conf kapena fayilo ina, yoperekedwa ndi_kapadera , imawerengedwa pa kuyambika. Mzere uliwonse umene umayamba ndi chizindikiro cha hash (`` # '') ndi mizere yopanda kanthu imanyalanyazidwa. Ngati cholakwika chikuchitika pakuwonetsa mzera wonse sichimatsutsidwa.
Zosinthasintha
syslogd [ -thuthunzi ] [ -d ] [ -f config file ] [ -h ] [ -l gulu la alendo ] [ -m ] [ -n ] [ -p socket ] [ -r ] [ -s domainlist ] [ - v ] [ -x ]
Zosankha
-thuthu
Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi mukhoza kufotokozera zitsulo zina zomwe syslogd imayenera kumvetsera. Izi ndizofunika ngati mutalola daemon ina kuthamanga mkati mwa chroot () chilengedwe. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito makomo ena 19. Ngati malo anu akusowa kwambiri, muyenera kuwonjezera chizindikiro MAXFUNIX mkati mwa fayilo ya source syslogd.c. Chitsanzo cha chroot () daemon chikufotokozedwa ndi anthu kuchokera ku OpenBSD pa http://www.psionic.com/papers/dns.html.
-d
Kutsegula njira yotsutsika. Pogwiritsira ntchito daemon sichidzapitirira mphanda (2) kuti ikhale pambuyo, koma mosiyana ndi yomwe imakhala patsogolo ndi kulemba zambiri zokhudzana ndi vutoli. Onani gawo la DEBUGGING kuti mudziwe zambiri.
-f file yokonza
Tchulani njira ina yosinthira mmalo mwa /etc/syslog.conf , yomwe ili yosasintha.
-h
Mwachizolowezi syslogd sichidzapititsa mauthenga omwe amalandira kuchokera ku makamu akumidzi. Kuwonetsa kusinthana kwa mzere wa lamulo kudzachititsa daemon lagilo kutumiza mauthenga aliwonse akutali omwe amalandira kuwatumizira makamu omwe afotokozedwa.
-kothamanga
Tchulani dzina loyitana lomwe liyenera kukhala lokha ndi losavuta loyitana mayina osati fqdn. Makamu ambiri akhoza kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo (``: '' ').
-mkatikatikati
Chizindikiro cha syslogd chilemba timatampu nthawi zonse. Kusiyana pakati pa ziwiri - MARK - mizere ndi mphindi 20. Izi zingasinthidwe ndi njirayi. Kuyika nthawi mpaka zero kumathera kwathunthu.
-n
Pewani kujambula koyambira. Izi ndizofunika makamaka ngati syslogd yayamba ndiyendetsedwa ndi init (8).
-p chingwe
Mukhoza kufotokozera njira yina yowonjezerako yachinsinsi m'malo mwa / dev / log .
-r
Njirayi idzawathandiza malo kulandira uthenga kuchokera pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chapa intaneti ndi syslog service (onani (5)). Chosalephera ndikulandira mauthenga alionse kuchokera pa intaneti.
Njirayi imayambitsidwa muwongolera 1.3 wa phukusi la sysklogd. Chonde dziwani kuti khalidwe losasintha ndilosiyana ndi momwe machitidwe akale amakhalira, kotero muyenera kutsegula izi.
-ndandanda wamtundu
Tchulani dzina lachidziwitso limene liyenera kuchotsedwa musanatsegule. Mipingo yambiri ingatanthauzidwe pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa (``: ''). Chonde dziwani kuti palibe madera akuluakulu omwe angatchulidwe koma madera onse. Mwachitsanzo ngati -s north.de imatchulidwa ndipo kugwidwa kwa oitanira alendo kumatsimikizira kuti satu.infodrom.north.de palibe malo omwe angadulidwe, muyenera kufotokoza madera awiri monga: -s north.de:infodrom.north.de .
-v
Sindikizani ndi kutuluka.
-x
Khutsani zosungira dzina pamene mukulandira mauthenga akutali. Izi zimapewa zowonongeka pamene nameserver ikuyendetsa pa makina omwe amachititsa syslog daemon.
Zizindikiro
Syslogd imayankha pa zizindikiro zosonyeza. Mukhoza kutumiza chizindikiro kwa syslogd pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:
kupha -SIGNAL `cat / var / run / syslogd.pid`Sighup
Izi zimalola syslogd kupanga kukonzanso. Maofesi onse otseguka atsekedwa, fayilo yosinthidwa (yosakhulupirika ndi /etc/syslog.conf ) lidzawerengedwanso ndipo malo syslog (3) ayambanso.
SITTERM
Syslogd idzafa.
SIGINT , SIGQUIT
Ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kumathandiza kuti izi zisasamalidwe, mwinamwake syslogd idzafa.
SIGUSR1
Sinthani / kutseka. Njirayi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati syslogd yayamba ndi -d debug kusankha.
SIGCHLD
Dikirani ana ngati ena anabadwa, chifukwa cha mauthenga a wall'ing.
Kusintha Fayilo ya Syntax Kusiyana
Syslogd amagwiritsa ntchito syntax yosiyana pa fayilo yake yosinthika kuposa magwero oyambirira a BSD. Mauthenga onse akale omwe ali patsogolo ndi apamwamba adatumizidwa ku fayilo ya log.
Mwachitsanzo, mzere wotsatira unayambitsa ZONSE zochokera ku ma daemoni pogwiritsa ntchito daemon zofunikira (kutsegula ndizofunika kwambiri, kotero kuti apamwamba onse azigwirizana) kuti alowe mu / usr / adm / daemons :
# Chitsanzo syslog.conf daemon.debug / usr / adm / daemonsPansi pa chiwembu chatsopano, khalidwe ili lidali lofanana. Kusiyanitsa ndi kuwonjezera kwa zizindikiro zinayi zatsopano, asterisk ( * ) wildcard, chizindikiro cha equation ( = ), chizindikiro chodabwitsa ( ! ), Ndi chizindikiro chochepa ( - ).
The * imatanthawuza kuti mauthenga onse a malo omwe atchulidwa amayenera kulunjikitsidwa kupita komwe akupita. Zindikirani kuti khalidwe ili likukula ndikulongosola msinkhu woyamba wa kutsegula. Ogwiritsira ntchito asonyeza kuti chidziwitso cha asterisk chiri chosavuta.
The = wildcard imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulepheretsa mitengo kudera loyambirira. Izi zimalola, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa mauthenga pazokambirana zinazake.
Mwachitsanzo, mzere wotsatira mu syslog.conf ukhoza kulongosola mauthenga obwereza kuchokera ku magwero onse kupita ku file / usr / adm / debug file.
# Chitsanzo syslog.conf *. = Debug / usr / adm / debugThe ! amagwiritsidwa ntchito polepheretsa kuika mitengo pazinthu zoyambirira. Izi zimakhudza mwayi wonse (!) Wowonetsera zofunikira.
Mwachitsanzo, mizere yotsatirayi ingalembetse mauthenga onse a malowa mauthenga kupatula awo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyamba ku fomu / usr / adm / mail . Ndipo mauthenga onse ochokera ku news.info (kuphatikizapo) kupita ku news.crit (kupatulapo) angalowe ku fayilo / wer / adm / news .
# Chitsanzo cha mail syslog.conf *; mail.! = Info / usr / adm / mail news.info; nkhani.! Crit / usr / adm / newsMungagwiritse ntchito mu intuitively monga chodziŵika bwino. Kutanthauzira kutchulidwa pamwambapa kumangosinthidwa. Kuchita zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito
mail.nonekapena
imelo.! *kapena
imelo.! debugkulumpha uthenga uliwonse umene umabwera ndi makalata. Pali malo ambiri ochita nawo. :-)
I - ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha kufikitsa fayilo la fayilo ngati mukufuna kusiya kusinthanitsa fayilo aliyense atalemba kwa izo.
Izi zingatengere kugwirizana kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku khalidwe loyera la BSD koma oyeserera asonyeza kuti mawuwa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi khalidwe la BSD. Onani kuti kusinthaku sikuyenera kusokoneza mafayilo syslog.conf (5) omwe ali nawo. Muyenera kusintha mwachindunji mafayilo oyimitsa kuti mupeze khalidwe lolimbikitsidwa.
Zothandizira Kulowetsa Kwapafupi
Zosinthazi zimapereka chithandizo chachinsinsi ku syslogd malo. Thandizo la Network limatanthauza kuti mauthenga angatumizedwe kuchokera ku mfundo imodzi yomwe imayendera syslogd ku nthano ina yomwe imayendera syslogd pomwe iwonso adzalumikizidwa ku fayilo la disk.
Kuti mulowetse izi muyenera kufotokozera -sankho pa mzere wa lamulo. Makhalidwe osayenerera ndi akuti syslogd samvetsera kwa intaneti.
Njirayi ndi kukhala syslogd kumvetsera pazitsulo zapadera zapadera pa mauthenga am'ndandanda. Khalidweli lidzalola syslogd kugwirana ntchito ndi syslog yomwe imapezeka mulaibulale yoyamba ya C. Panthawi imodzimodziyo syslogd amamvetsera pa syslog doko yoyenera ya mauthenga omwe amachokera kwa ena makamu. Kuti mukhale ndi ntchitoyi molondola, maofesi (5) mafayilo (omwe amapezeka mu / etc ) ayenera kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:
syslog 514 / udpNgati kulowa uku sikusowa syslogd komanso simungalandire mauthenga akutali kapena kuwatumizira, chifukwa doko la UDP silingatsegulidwe. Mmalo mwake, syslogd idzafa mwamsanga, kutulutsa uthenga wolakwika.
Kuti mauthenga atumizedwe kwa munthu wina wothandizira amalowetsa mndandanda wa fayilo yoyenera mu fayilo ya syslog.conf ndi dzina la wolandira kumene mauthenga akutumizidwa omwe akuyendetsedwa ndi @.
Mwachitsanzo, kupititsa patsogolo mauthenga onse kupita kumalo akutali pogwiritsa ntchito syslog.conf yotsatira:
# Chitsanzo cha syslogd kasinthidwe ku mauthenga # kupita kumadera akutali kwambiri. *. * dzina lanuKupititsa patsogolo mauthenga onse a kernel kupita ku malo akutali fayilo yosinthidwa ikhale motere:
# Chitsanzo chokonzekera mafayilo kuti apititse mauthenga onse # ma # kumalo akutali. kern. * @hostnameNgati dzina lakutali lakutali silingathetsedwe pakuyamba, chifukwa seva-yina silingathe kupezeka (mwina ikhoza kuyambitsidwa pambuyo syslogd) simukusowa kudandaula. Syslogd ayesa kuyesa kutchula dzina khumi ndiyeno nkudandaula. Njira ina yopezera izi ndi kuyika dzina la alendo mu / etc / makamu .
Ndi syslogd s yachizolowezi mungapeze ma-syslog-loops ngati mutumiza mauthenga omwe analandiridwa kuchokera kumidzi yakutali kupita kumalo omwewo (kapena zovuta kwambiri kwa munthu wina yemwe amazitumiza kumbuyo, ndi zina zotero). Mu domingo langa (Infodrom Oldenburg) ife mwangozi tinapeza imodzi ndi diski yathu yodzaza ndi uthenga womwewo. :-(
Kuti mupewe izi nthawi zina palibe mauthenga omwe analandiridwa kuchokera kumidzi yakutali akutumizidwira kwa wina (kapena yemweyo) mlendo wokhala kutali. Ngati pali zochitika zomwe izi sizingakhale zomveka, chonde ndisiye (Joey) mzere.
Ngati malo omwe ali kutali akutchulidwa mofanana ndi woyang'anira, syslogd ikuyendabe, ndilo losavuta lolemba dzina loti lidzalowe m'malo mwa fqdn yonse.
Mu intaneti yamtunduwu mungapereke seva loyambira lokhala ndi chidziwitso kuti zinthu zonse zofunika zikhale pa makina amodzi. Ngati intaneti ili ndi madera osiyanasiyana simukusowa kudandaula za kugwilitsa mayina oyenerera bwino m'malo mwa mayina osavuta. Mungafune kugwiritsa ntchito chida -chigawo -chigawo cha seva iyi. Mutha kudziwa syslogd kuchotsa madera angapo kupatula omwe seva ilimo ndipo ndizolemba zolemba zambiri zosavuta.
Pogwiritsira ntchito -yotani palinso mwayi wotanthauzira osakwatiwa osakwatiwa ngati makina apanyumba. Izi, nazonso zimawongolera kugwiritsira ntchito mayina awo ophweka okha osati ma fqdns.
Dothi la UDP lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumizira mauthenga kwa makamu akutali kapena kulandira mauthenga ochokera kwa iwo amatsegulidwa pokhapokha pakufunika. Zotsatsa zisanafike 1.3-23 zidatsegulidwa nthawi iliyonse koma sizinatsegulidwe kuti ziwerenge kapena kutumizira motsatira.
Mipope yotchedwa Named (FIFOs)
Syslogd ili ndi chithandizo chothandizira kutsegula mitengo kutchedwa mapaipi (fifos). Chitoliro cha fifo kapena dzina lake chingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga malo opangira mauthenga amtundu poyesa chizindikiro cha pipy (`` | '') kwa dzina la fayilo. Izi ndi zothandiza zokonza. Onani kuti fifo iyenera kulengedwa ndi lamulo la mkfifo asanayambe syslogd.
Mauthenga otsatirawa akutsatsa mauthenga akutsutsa mauthenga ochokera ku kernel mpaka ku fifo:
# Chitsanzo chokonzekera kuti muwonetsetse mauthenga a # machitidwe a kernel ONSE kwa / usr / adm / debug yomwe ili ndi # dzina lake chitoliro. kern = kuchepetsa | / usr / adm / debugKuyika Mavuto
Mwinamwake pali chinthu chimodzi chofunika kuganizira pamene mukuyika syslogd iyi. Syslogd iyi imadalira maonekedwe oyenera a mauthenga ndi syslog ntchito. Kugwira ntchito kwa syslog ntchito m'malaibulale omwe adagawidwa kunasintha kwinakwake kudera la libc.so.4. [2-4] .n. Kusintha kwakukulu kunali kusasintha uthengawo musanatumize ku dev / dev / log lokha. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kolondola kwa syslogd kumadalira kusadulidwa kwa uthenga.
Vutoli lidzadziwonetsera lokha ngati zakale zogwiritsidwa ntchito zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa dongosolo. Mabanema pogwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe akale a syslog ntchito adzachititsa mizere yopanda kanthu kuti ingalowetsedwe ndi uthenga womwe uli ndi khalidwe loyamba pamene uthenga wachotsedwa. Kusinkhasinkha izi zotsatizana ndi malaibulale atsopano omwe amagawidwa adzakonza vuto ili.
Onse syslogd (8) ndi klogd (8) akhoza kuthamanga kuchokera mu init (8) kapena ayambitsidwa ngati gawo la rc *. Ngati ayambitsidwa kuchokera mu init chisankho -chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa, mwinamwake, mutenga matani a syslog daemons anayamba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa init (8) zimadalira mtundu wa ndondomeko.
Zosokoneza Chitetezo
Pali zotheka kuti syslogd daemon ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yachinyengo. Zikomo kupita kwa John Morrison (jmorriso@rflab.ee.ubc.ca) kuti andizindikire ku izi. Pulogalamu yovuta (mer) ikhoza kusefukira syslogd daemon ndi mauthenga a syslog omwe amachititsa kuti mafayilo akugulitsira malo onse otsala. Kugwiritsa ntchito malowedwe pazitsulo zam'kati mwa inet kudzasokoneza machitidwe pangozi kunja kwa mapulogalamu kapena anthu pa makina apanyumba.
Pali njira zambiri zotetezera makina:
- Gwiritsani ntchito firewalling kernel kuchepetsa omwe makamu kapena magulu kupeza 514 / UDP chingwe.
- Kulemba malonda kungayambike kumalo olekanitsa kapena osakhala mizu omwe, ngati atadzazidwa, sangasokoneze makina.
- Maofesi a ext2 angagwiritsidwe ntchito omwe angakonzedwe kuti athetse peresenti yina ya malo owonongeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mizu yokha. Zindikirani kuti izi zidzafuna syslogd kuti ikhale yoyendetsedwa ngati yosakhala mizu. ZOYENERA KUDZIWA kuti izi zingalepheretse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwadothi kuchokera kutali kwa syslogd silingathe kumanga chingwe cha 514 / UDP.
- Kulepheretsa zovuta zapakati pazitsulo kungachepetse chiopsezo kwa makina apanyumba.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko 4 ndipo ngati vutoli likupitirira ndipo sichikhala lachiwiri ku pulogalamu yovuta / daemon kupeza kutalika kwa mtunda wa 3.5 ft (pafupifupi 1 mita) ndikukambirana ndi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo. Suker ndodo def. --- 3/4, 7/8 kapena 1pm. woumitsa chitsulo ndodo, mwamuna wotsekedwa pa mapeto onse. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu pa mafakitale a mafuta ku Western North Dakota ndi malo ena kuti azipaka mafuta 'kuyamwa' ku zitsime za mafuta. Ntchito zapamwamba ndizo zomangamanga zoweta ng'ombe komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wobwezeretsa kapena kumenyana.
Kusokoneza
Pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito -d njira ndiye syslogd idzakhala yolemba kwambiri polemba zambiri zomwe zimachita pamtanda. Nthawi iliyonse fayilo yosintha ikuwerengedwanso ndikuwonetsedwanso, mudzawona malemba, okhudzana ndi dongosolo la mkati. Tsamba ili liri ndi minda inayi:
nambala
Mundawu uli ndi nambala yeniyeni yoyambira ndi zero. Nambala iyi ikuyimira malo omwe ali mkati mwadongosolo la deta (mwachitsanzo, gulu). Ngati nambala imodzi yotsala ndiye kuti pangakhale cholakwika mu mzere wofananayo /etet/syslog.conf .
chitsanzo
Mundawu ndi wonyenga ndipo umayimira ndondomeko ya mkati ndendende. Mzere uliwonse umayimira malo (onani syslog (3)). Monga momwe mukuonera, pali malo ena otsalira omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito kale, koma ambiri omwe akutsalirawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Munda uliwonse m'ndandanda umayimira zofunikira (onani syslog (3)).
zochita
Mundawu umalongosola zochita zomwe zimachitika pamene uthenga walandila womwe umagwirizana ndi chitsanzo. Tchulani syslog.conf (5) manpage pazochitika zonse zomwe zingatheke.
zifukwa
Mundawu umasonyeza zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika kumunda wotsiriza. Kwa fayilo-logging iyi ndijambulo la fayilo ya lolemba; kwa kugwiritsira ntchito-mndandanda uwu ndi mndandanda wa ogwiritsa ntchito; kwa kugula kutali ndilo dzina la alendo la makina kuti mulowetse; chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo ichi ndi console yogwiritsidwa ntchito; Pakuti kutsegula kwadongosolo ndizolembedwa; khoma alibe zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Onaninso
Othandizira
Syslogd imachokera ku sources BSD, Greg Wettstein (greg@wind.enjellic.com) anachita doko ku Linux , Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de) anakonza ziphuphu zina ndipo adawonjezera zida zatsopano. Klogd poyamba inalembedwa ndi Steve Lord (lord@cray.com), Greg Wettstein anapanga kusintha kwakukulu.
Dr. Greg Wettstein
Kukonzekera Kwambiri Kwambiri
Mapulogalamu Ofufuza Maphunziro a Oncology Division Computing Facility
Roger Maris Cancer Center
Fargo, ND
greg@wind.enjellic.com
Stephen Tweedie
Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Sayansi
Edinburgh University, Scotland
sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk
Juha Virtanen
jiivee@hut.fi
Shane Alderton
shane@ion.apana.org.au
Martin Schulze
Kupita ku Oldenburg
joey@linux.de
Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.
Nkhani Zina