Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito Linux kwa zaka pafupifupi 10 ndipo zomwe ndikufuna kukuwonetsani m'nkhaniyi ndi mndandanda wa malamulo a Linux, zipangizo, zidule zamakono komanso malamulo ena osangalatsa omwe ndikufuna kuti wina andisonyeze kuyambira pachiyambi m'malo mwakhumudwitsa pa iwo pamene ine ndimapitirira.
01 pa 15
Mphindi Wofunikira Wowonjezera Mabokosi Achichepere
Mipukutu yotsatira ya makiyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri ndipo idzakupulumutsani nthawi yochuluka:
- CTRL + U - Kulemba malemba mpaka chithunzithunzi.
- CTRL + K - Zolembedwa kuchokera ku chithunzithunzi mpaka kumapeto kwa mzere
- CTRL + Y - Pastes malemba
- CTRL + E - Tsambulani mlozera kumapeto kwa mzere
- CTRL + A - Sutsani ndondomeko kumayambiriro kwa mzere
- ALT + F - Yambani kupita ku malo otsatira
- ALT + B - Bwerera mmbuyo ku malo apitawo
- ALT + Backspace - Chotsani mawu oyambirira
- CTRL + W - Dulani mawu kumbuyo kwa kalata
- Shift + Yesani - Yesetsani malemba kukhala osatha
Kotero kuti malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa ayang'ane bwino mzere wotsatira wa malemba.
sudo apt-get install program program
Monga momwe mungathe kuona kuti ndili ndi vuto lopelera komanso kuti lamulo lizigwira ntchito ndiyenera kusintha "intall" kuti "muyike".
Tangoganizani mtolowo uli kumapeto kwa mzere. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zobwereranso ku liwu kuti muzisinthe.
Ndikhoza kukanikiza ALT + B kawiri zomwe zingayikitse mtolowo pamalo otsatirawa (otchulidwa ndi ^ chizindikiro):
sudo apt-get ^ intall pulogalamu ya pulogalamu
Tsopano mukhoza kusindikiza fungulo la cursor ndikuika '' s 'kulowa.
Lamulo lina lofunika ndi "kusinthana + kulowa" makamaka ngati mukufuna kukopera malemba kuchokera pa osatsegula kupita ku terminal.
02 pa 15
SUDO !!
Mudzandiyamikira kwambiri chifukwa cha lamulo lotsatira ngati simukudziwa kale chifukwa mpaka mutadziwa kuti mulipo mumadzitemberera nthawi iliyonse mukalowa mu lamulo ndipo mawu akuti "chilolezo" akuwonekera.
- sudo !!
Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji sudo !! Mwachidule. Tangoganizirani kuti mwalemba lamulo ili:
chotsani-chotsani kukhazikitsa ranger
Mawu akuti "Chilolezo chotsutsidwa" adzawonekera pokhapokha ngati mutalowetsedwa ndi maudindo apamwamba.
sudo !! imayendera lamulo lapitalo monga sudo. Kotero lamulo lapitalo tsopano limakhala:
sudo apt-get install ranger
Ngati simukudziwa chomwe sudo ali, yambani apa.
03 pa 15
Kuleka Kulamula ndi Kuthamanga Malamulo Kumbuyo
Ndakhala ndikulemba kale ndondomeko yomwe ikuwonetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito malamulo osungira kumbuyo .
- CTRL + Z - Imapumitsa ntchito
- fg - Kubwereranso ku ntchito
Kotero kodi izi ndizo chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti mwatsegula fayilo ku nano motere:
sudo nano abc.txt
Pakapita nthawi polemba zolemba mu fayilo, mumadziwa kuti mwamsanga mukufuna kulembera lamulo lina ku terminal koma simungathe chifukwa mudatsegula nano kumbuyo.
Mungaganize kuti njira yanu yokha ndiyokusunga fayilo, kuchoka nano, kuthamanga lamulo ndikutsitsiranso nano.
Zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikusindikizira CTRL + Z ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira adzayimitsa ndipo mudzabwezeredwa ku mzere wa malamulo. Mutha kuthamanga lamulo lililonse limene mumakonda ndipo mutatsiriza kubwereza pulogalamu yanu mwadongosolo polowera "fg" muwindo lakutsegulira ndikukakamiza kubwerera.
Chinthu chosangalatsa kuyesa ndikutsegula fayilo ku nano, lowetsani malemba ndikuyimitsa gawoli. Tsopano mutsegule fayilo ina mu nano, lowetsani malemba ena ndi kuimitsa gawoli. Ngati tsopano mulowa "fg" mumabwerera ku fayilo yachiwiri mumatsegula nano. Ngati mutuluka nano ndi kulowa "fg" kachiwiri mubwerere ku fayilo yoyamba mudatsegula mkati mwa nano.
04 pa 15
Gwiritsani ntchito mauthenga kuti muthamangitse malemba mutatha kuchoka pa SSH Session
Lamulo lachinsinsi ndi lothandiza ngati mugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la ssh kuti mulowetse makina ena.
Kotero kodi chimachita chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti mwalowa ku kompyuta ina pogwiritsa ntchito ssh ndipo mukufuna kuthamanga lamulo limene limatengera nthawi yaitali ndikuchoka pa ssh komano koma musiye lamulo likuyenda ngakhale kuti simunagwirizanenso ndiye palibe chomwe chimakupatsani inu kuchita.
Mwachitsanzo, ndimagwiritsa ntchito rasipiberi PI yanga kuti ndipereke zogawidwa kuti ndiziwongolera.
Sindikukhala ndi Raspberry PI yanga yowonetsera kapena sindili ndibokosi ndi mbewa zogwirizana nazo.
Nthawi zonse ndimagwirizana ndi Raspberry PI kudzera pa ssh kuchokera pa laputopu. Ngati ndinayamba kulandila fayilo yaikulu pa Raspberry PI popanda kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo labwino ndiye ndiyenera kuyembekezera kuti pulogalamuyi ikwaniritsidwe musanatseke gawo la ssh komanso musanatseke kompyuta yanu. Ngati ndikanachita izi ndiye kuti sindinagwiritse ntchito Raspberry PI kuti nditsatire fayilo konse.
Kuti ndigwiritse ntchito zonse zomwe ndiyenera kuzilemba ndizomwe ndikutsatira ndi lamulo motere:
pezani http://mirror.is.co.za/mirrors/linuxmint.com/iso//stable/17.1/linuxmint-17.1-cinnamon-64bit.iso &
05 ya 15
Kuthamanga Linux Command 'AT' Nthawi Yeniyeni
Lamulo la 'nohup' ndilobwino ngati mutagwirizanitsidwa ndi seva ya SSH ndipo mukufuna kuti lamulo likhalebe likutha mutatha kutuluka pa SSH.
Tangoganizani kuti mukufuna kuyendetsa lamulo lomwelo panthawi inayake.
Lamulo la ' at ' limakulolani kuti muchite zimenezo. 'pa' angagwiritsidwe ntchito motere.
pa 10:38 Fri
at> cowsay 'hello'
> CTRL + D
Lamulo ili pamwamba lidzayendetsa pulogalamu cowsay pa 10:38 pa Lachisanu madzulo.
Mawu omasuliridwa ndi 'at' amatsatiridwa ndi tsiku ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Pamene nthawi> ikuwonekera, lowetsani lamulo limene mukufuna kuti muthamangire pa nthawi yake.
CTRL + D ikukubweretsani ku ndondomeko.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyana ndi nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo ndi bwino kuyang'ana masamba a munthu kuti apeze njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito 'at'.
06 pa 15
Man Pages
Masamba a munthu amakupatsani ndondomeko ya malamulo omwe akuyenera kuchita ndi kusintha komwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito nawo.
Masamba a anthuwa ndi ofunika okha. (Ndikuganiza iwo sanapangidwe kuti atikakamize).
Inu mukhoza, komabe, chitani zinthu kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwanu kwa munthu kukhala kokongola.
kutumiza kunja PAGER = kwambiri
Mudzafunika kukhazikitsa 'ambiri; kuti izi zigwire ntchito koma pamene mukuchita zimapangitsa masamba anu kuti akhale obiriwira.
Mukhoza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tsamba la munthu ku chiwerengero china chazamu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
kutumiza kunja MANWIDTH = 80
Pomalizira, ngati muli ndi osatsegula mulipo mukhoza kutsegula tsamba la munthu aliyense musakatuli wosasinthika pogwiritsa ntchito -H kusinthana motere:
munthu -H
Onani kuti izi zimagwira ntchito ngati muli ndi osatsegula osasunthika akhazikitsidwa mu $ variable BROWSER.
07 pa 15
Gwiritsani ntchito malo kuti muwone ndikusunga njira
Ndi lamulo liti lomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pakali pano kuti mudziwe njira zomwe zikugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu? Kuthamanga kwanga ndikutanthauza kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ' ps ' ndipo mukugwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe osiyanasiyana kuti mutenge zomwe mukufuna.
Sakani 'htop'. Ndithudi ndi chida chimene mukufuna kuti muyiike poyamba.
htop imapereka mndandanda wa njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito mu terminal monga mofanana ndi wa fayilo mu Windows.
Mungagwiritse ntchito chisakanizo cha ntchito zofungulira kuti musinthe ndondomeko yanu ndi zikho zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Mukhozanso kupha njira kuchokera mkati.
Kuthamanga htop kungolingani zotsatirazi muzenera zowonongeka:
htop
08 pa 15
Yendani Ndondomeko ya Fayilo Pogwiritsa ntchito makina
Ngati htop ndi yofunika kwambiri poyendetsa njira zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu mzere wa lamulo ndiye ranger ndizofunikira kwambiri popita pa fayiloyi pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa lamulo.
Mwinamwake muyenera kuyika ranger kuti mutha kuchigwiritsa ntchito koma kamodzi kokha mutayikani inu mukhoza kuyendetsa iyo mwachidule polemba zotsatirazi mmalo mwake:
wokonza
Mzere watsopano wawindo udzakhala ngati wina aliyense wa fayilo koma imagwira ntchito kumanzere kusiyana ndi pamwamba mpaka pansi kutanthawuza kuti ngati mugwiritsa ntchito fungulo lakutsala lakumanzere mukugwira ntchito yopita ku fayiloyi ndi makina oyenera omwe akugwira ntchito pansi pa foda .
Ndi bwino kuwerenga masamba a munthu musanagwiritse ntchito ranger kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina onse omwe alipo.
09 pa 15
Thandizani A Kutseka
Kotero inu munayamba kutseka mwina kudzera mu mzere wa lamulo kapena kuchokera ku GUI ndipo munazindikira kuti simunkafuna kuchita zimenezo.
- kutseka -c
Dziwani kuti ngati kutseka kwayamba kale ndiye kungakhale kochedwa kwambiri kuti muletse kuyimitsa.
Lamulo lina la kuyesa ndilo:
- kutseka pkill
10 pa 15
Kupha Mchitidwe wa Hung Njira Yosavuta
Tangoganizirani kuti mukuyendetsa ntchitoyi ndi chifukwa chake, izo zimapachikidwa.
Mungagwiritse ntchito 'ps -ef' kupeza njira ndikupha njirayo kapena mungagwiritse ntchito 'htop'.
Pali lamulo lofulumira komanso losavuta limene mungakonde likutchedwa xkill .
Lembani zotsatirazi mwachinsinsi ndikusakani pawindo la ntchito yomwe mukufuna kupha.
xkill
Nchiyani chimachitika ngakhale ngati dongosolo lonse likulendewera?
Gwiritsani makiyi a 'alt' ndi 'sysrq' pa kibokosi yanu ndipo pamene iwo agwiritsidwa pansi pansi ayese zotsatirazi pang'onopang'ono:
REISUB
Izi zimayambanso kompyuta yanu popanda kugwira batani.
11 mwa 15
Sakani mavidiyo a Youtube
Nthawi zambiri, ambiri a ife timasangalala kwambiri ndi Youtube kuti tizilandira mavidiyowa ndipo timawawona mwa kuwatsatsa kudzera m'sewero lathu losankhidwa.
Ngati mukudziwa kuti simudzakhala pa Intaneti kwa kanthawi (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ulendo waulendo kapena ulendo wa kumwera kwa Scotland ndi kumpoto kwa England) ndiye mutha kukopera mavidiyo angapo pamphini ndikuyang'ana pa anu zosangalatsa.
Zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuyika youtube-dl kuchokera kwa wothandizira phukusi.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito youtube motere:
youtube-dl url-to-video
Mukhoza kulandira URL kuvidiyo iliyonse pa Youtube podutsa chiyanjano chagawuni pa tsamba la kanema. Ingosanikizani chiyanjano ndikuchiyika mu mzere wa lamulo (pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwachitsulo).
12 pa 15
Koperani Maofesi Ochokera pa Webusaiti
Lamulo wget limakupangitsani kuti mulowetse mafayilo pa intaneti pogwiritsira ntchito zotsiriza.
Mawu omasulira ndi awa:
chotsani njira / kwa / filename
Mwachitsanzo:
wonani http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/kumasulira
Pali kusintha kwakukulu komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito monga -O yomwe imakulolani kuti mupereke dzina lachifaniziro ku dzina latsopano.
Mu chitsanzo pamwambapa ndinatulutsanso AntiX Linux kuchokera ku Sourceforge. Dzina la filename antiX-15-V_386-full.iso liri lalitali kwambiri. Zingakhale bwino kuti muzisungire monga antix15.iso basi. Kuti muchite izi mugwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
wget -O antix.iso http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/kumasulira
Kusaka fayilo imodzi sikuwoneka ngati koyenera, mungathe kuyenda mosavuta pa tsamba la webusaiti pogwiritsa ntchito osakatulila ndikudumphani.
Komabe, ngati mukufuna kutsegula mafayilo khumi ndi awiri ndikutha kuwonjezera maulumikilo ku fayilo yolowera ndikugwiritsira ntchito watch kuti mulandire mafayilo kuchokera ku maulumikilowo mwamsanga.
Gwiritsani ntchito m_masintha motere:
wget -i / njira / ku / importfile
Kuti mudziwe zambiri pewani kuyendera http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/.
13 pa 15
Mapulogalamu Otchuka a Mpweya
Izi sizothandiza kwambiri monga zosangalatsa.
Dulani sitima yamoto muwindo lanu lamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
sl
14 pa 15
Pezani Zambiri Zanu
Chimodzi china chimene sichithandiza kwenikweni koma kungokhala kosangalatsa ndi lamulo lamtengo wapatali.
Monga lamulo la SL, mungafunikire kuliyika pa malo anu oyambirira.
Kenaka tangolani zotsatirazi kuti mutenge zambiri
chuma
15 mwa 15
Pezani Cow Kuti Uwuuze Wanu Fortune
Kenaka pitani ng'ombe kuti ikuuzeni chuma chanu pogwiritsa ntchito cowsay.
Lembani zotsatirazi mufoni yanu:
chuma | cowsay
Ngati muli ndi dera lachithunzi mungagwiritse ntchito xcowsay kuti mupeze ng'ombe ya katemera kuti musonyeze chuma chanu:
chuma | xcowsay
cowsay ndi xcowsay zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonyeza uthenga uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo kuti muwonetsere "Moni Wachikondi" ingogwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili:
cowsay "hello dziko"