Bukhuli likukuwonetsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito magulu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la gpasswd. Fayilo ndi foda iliyonse mkati mwa Linux ili ndi mauthenga ogwiritsa ntchito, gulu ndi eni ake. Polamulira yemwe ali ndi mwayi wopita ku gulu mungathe kulamulira zomwe zimachitika pa mafayilo ndi mafoda pa dongosolo lanu popanda kukhazikitsa zilolezo kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito.
Pang'ono Pokha Pamalo Ololeza
Tsegulani chithunzithunzi ndi mkati mwa foda yanu ya kwanu pangani foda yotchedwa akaunti pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la mkdir motere:
makdirTsopano yongani malamulo awa otsatirawa omwe adzakusonyezani zilolezo za foda yomwe mwangoyamba kulenga.
ls -tMudzawona chinachake chonga ichi:
drwxr-xr-x 2 yourname yourname 4096 tsiku la akauntiZiphuphu zomwe timakondwera nazo ndizo zilolezo zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi "drwxr-xr-x". Timakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi zikhalidwe 2 "yourname".
Tiyeni tiyankhule za zilolezo poyamba. "D" imayimira zolemba ndipo imatidziwitsa kuti akaunti ndizowonjezera.
Zonse zololeka zimagawidwa mu magawo atatu: "rwx", "rx", "rx". Gawo loyamba la mafotokozedwe atatu ndizololezo zomwe mwiniwake wa chinthu ali nacho. Gawo lachiwiri la mafotokozedwe atatu ndilovomelezo kuti aliyense amene ali m'gululi ali ndi potsiriza, gawo lotsiriza ndilololezo zomwe wina aliyense ali nazo.
"R" amaimira "kuwerengera", "w" amaimira "kulemba" ndipo "x" amaimira "kuchita".
Choncho mu chitsanzo pamwamba pa mwiniwake wawerenga, lembani ndikupereka zilolezo za foda yamakalata pamene gulu ndi wina aliyense awerenga ndi kuchita zilolezo.
Mu chitsanzo, "yourname" yoyamba ndi mwini wa chinthucho ndipo wachiwiri "yourname" ndilo gulu loyamba la foda yamakalata.
Kuti pulogalamuyi ikhale yothandiza kwambiri yonjezerani akaunti zina zingapo ku dongosolo lanu pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo otsatirawa:
sudo wothandizira tim sudo adduser tomMudzafunsidwa kuti muyikepo mawu achinsinsi kwa aliyense wa iwo ndikulowetsani zina. Mutha kuchoka ndi mawu achinsinsi komanso kubwerera kudera lonselo.
Tsopano kuti muli ndi ma akaunti 3 muthamanga lamulo lotsatila kuti musinthe fayilo foda yanu.
sudo chown tom nkhaniTsopano muthamangitse ls lamulo kachiwiri.
ls -tZolankhulo zidzakhala tsopano motere:
drwxr-xr-x tom anunameMudzatha kuyenda mu foda yamakalata pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la cd motere:
cd akauntiTsopano yesani kupanga fayilo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
mayesero okhudzaMudzalandira zolakwika zotsatirazi:
kukhudza: sangathe kukhudza 'yesero': Chilolezo chinatsutsidwaChifukwa cha ichi ndikuti Tom ndi mwiniwake ndipo wawerengapo, alemba ndikupereka zilolezo koma ndinu gawo limodzi la gulu ndipo muli ndi zilolezo za gulu.
Bwererani kumbuyo kwa foda yam'nyumba ndikusintha zilolezo za akaunti polemba malamulo otsatirawa:
cd .. sudo chmod 750 akauntiTsopano muthamangitse ls lamulo kachiwiri:
ls -tZolinga za foda yamakalata tsopano zidzakhala motere:
drwxr-x ---Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwiniyo ali ndi zonse, zovomerezeka, ogwiritsa ntchito ndi "yourname" adzawerenga ndi kuchita zilolezo ndi wina aliyense sadzakhala ndi zilolezo.
Yesani. Yendani ku folda ya akaunti ndipo muthamangitse lamulo lakukhudza kachiwiri:
mayeso a cd akaunti yogwiraMudakali ndi zilolezo zopita ku foda koma mulibe zilolezo zoti mupange mafayilo. Ngati mutangokhala munthu wogwiritsa ntchito bwino simungathe ngakhale kulowa foda yanu.
Kuyesera kusinthana kwa Tim wogwiritsira ntchito ndikusuntha ku foda yamalonda monga:
su - tim cd / home / yourname / akauntiMudzalandira zolakwitsa zotsutsidwa.
Ndiye bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito zilolezo zamagulu ndikusaika zilolezo za munthu aliyense ogwiritsira ntchito? Ngati muli ndi dipatimenti ya akaunti yomwe aliyense ayenera kupeza masapiritsi ndi mapepala ena koma palibe wina aliyense pa kampani amene ayenera kuyika zilolezo kwa anthu onse mu akaunti zomwe mungathe kukhazikitsa zilolezo kwa gulu lomwe limatchedwa akaunti. onjezerani ogwiritsa ntchito ku gululo.
Nchifukwa chiyani izi zili bwino kuposa kukhazikitsa zilolezo za munthu aliyense? Ngati wosuta achoka ku dipatimentiyo mukhoza kuwachotsa ku gulu kusiyana ndi kuchita zilolezo zawo pazowonjezera.
Momwe Mungakhalire A Gulu
Mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo lotsatira kuti muyambe gulu:
sudo addgroup akauntiMomwe Mungayonjezere Wotumikira Kwa Gulu
sudo gpasswd -makaunti ya ntchitoLamulo ili pamwamba lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera wosuta mmodzi ku gulu la akaunti.
Kuwonjezera mndandanda wa ogwiritsa ntchito ngati gulu la gululo liziyendetsa lamulo ili:
sudo gpassword -M yourname, tom, tim nkhaniPamene wothandizira adawonjezeredwa ku akaunti, wosuta angathe kuwonjezera gululo mndandanda wa magulu awiri achiwiri potsatira lamulo lotsatira:
newgrp akauntiWosuta aliyense yemwe sali wa gulu adzafunsidwa kuti alowe mu liwu lachinsinsi.
Momwe Mungasinthire Gulu Loyamba Kwa Foda
Tsopano popeza tili ndi gulu ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mukhoza kugawira gululo ku foda yamakalata pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lotsatira:
akaunti za sudo chgrpNkhani yoyamba ndi dzina la gululo ndipo nkhani yachiwiri ndi dzina la foda.
Momwe Mungayang'anire Ngati Wogwiritsa Ntchito Ali Gulu
Mukhoza kufufuza ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
maguluIzi zidzabweretsa mndandanda wa magulu omwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali.
Momwe Mungasinthire Gulu lachinsinsi
Kusintha mawu achinsinsi mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
sudo gpasswdMudzafunsidwa kuti mulowetse mawu achinsinsi kwa gululo ndi kubwereza.
Tsopano inu mukhoza kuwonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito ku gulu mwa njira yomwe yanenedwa pamwambapa kapena wosuta watsopano angagwirizane ndi gulu pokha potsatira lamulo lotsatira ndikupereka neno loyenera:
newgrpMwachiwonekere, simukufuna kupatsa anthu ena mawu achinsinsi kotero ndi bwino kuwonjezera womasulira ku gulu nokha.
Momwe Mungalepheretse Magulu Kumalo Odziwika okha
Ngati simukufuna aliyense yemwe akudziwa kuti mawuwa ndi ovomerezeka kuti alowe mu gulu mungathe kuthamanga lamulo ili:
sudo gpasswd -RIkani Munthu Monga Mtsogoleri
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito otsogolera gulu. Izi zimapangitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku gulu lina komanso kusintha mawu
Kuti tichite izi, chitani lamulo ili:
sudo gpasswd -Nkhani za tomMomwe Mungatulutsire A Gulu lachinsinsi
Mungathe kuchotsa mawu achinsinsi kuchokera pagulu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
sudo gpasswd -n akauntiMmene Mungachotsere Munthu Wogwiritsa Ntchito Gulu
Kuchotsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera pagulu akutsatira lamulo ili:
sudo gpassword -d tom nkhaniMomwe Mungaperekere Gulu Werengani, Lembani ndi Kuchita Zolinga Pa A File kapena Folder
Mpaka pano ogwiritsa ntchito mu akauntiyi akupeza foda yamakalata koma angathe kuchita chilichonse chifukwa awerenga ndi kuchita zilolezo.
Kupereka zilolezo zalembera ku gulu lomwe mungathe kuchita izi:
sudo chmod g + w akauntiChidule
Chotsogoleredwa ichi chakuyambitsa malamulo angapo kuti akuthandizeni kukhazikitsa zilolezo pa Linux. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo laseradd kukhazikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito gulu.