Malamulo a Linux amathandiza moyo kukhala wosavuta
Tsamba ili likuwonetsani momwe mungakhalire ogwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa Linux pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa lamulo. Ngakhale magawidwe ambiri a desktop Linux amapereka chithunzithunzi chowonetsera ogwiritsa ntchito ndi lingaliro labwino kuti aphunzire momwe angachitire kuchokera ku mzere wa lamulo kuti muthe kusinthanitsa luso lanu kuchokera kugawidwe wina kupita ku wina popanda kuphunzira mapulogalamu atsopano.
01 pa 12
Momwe Mungakhalire A User
Tiyeni tiyambe mwa kupanga wophweka mosavuta.
Lamulo lotsatira lidzawonjezera watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito mayesero ku dongosolo lanu:
Sudo useradd test
Chimene chidzachitike pamene lamulo ili likuyendetsedwa lidzadalira zomwe zili mu fayilo yoyimilira yomwe ili mu / etc / default / useradd.
Kuti muwone zomwe zili mu / etc / default / useradd chitani lamulo ili:
sudo nano / etc / default / useradd
Fichilo yosinthika idzaika chisokonezo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Ubuntu ndi bin / sh. Zosankha zina zonse zimayankhidwa.
Zomwe mwasankhazo zimakulolani kukhazikitsa foda yamtundu wokhazikika, gulu, masiku angapo chinsinsicho chitatha nthawi isanafike kuti akauntiyo ikhale yolephereka ndi tsiku lomaliza.
Chinthu chofunika kukunkha pazomwe tanena pamwambapa ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la useradd popanda kusintha kulikonse kungabweretse zotsatira zosiyana pamagawidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo zonse zikugwirizana ndi zolemba pa etc / default / useradd file.
Kuwonjezera pa / etc / default / useradd file, palinso fayilo yotchedwa /etc/login.defs yomwe idzakambirane pambuyo pake.
Chofunika: sudo sichiikidwa pamtundu uliwonse. Ngati sichidaikidwa muyenera kulowa mu akaunti ndi zilolezo zoyenera kulenga ogwiritsa ntchito
02 pa 12
Momwe Mungakhalire Wogwiritsa Ntchito Buku Loyamba
Chitsanzo choyambirira chinali chophweka koma wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kapena sangapatsidwe cholembera cha pakhomo pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo.
Kukakamiza kulengedwa kwa bukhu la nyumba kuti mugwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
mayesero a-useradd -m
Lamulo ili pamwambalo limapanga foda / kunyumba / kuyesa foda kwa mayeso oyesa.
03 a 12
Mmene Mungakhalire Wogwiritsa Ntchito Buku Loyamba la Nyumba
Ngati mukufuna wantchito kukhala ndi foda kunyumba kumalo osiyana ndi osasintha mungagwiritse ntchito -d osintha.
sudo useradd -m -d / yeseso ​​ya mayesero
Lamulo ili pamwambalo lidzapanga foda yomwe imatchedwa test for user test under root folder.
Zindikirani: M'kati mwa_musintha fodayo isapangidwe. Zimatengera malo omwe ali mkati mwa /etc/login.defs.
Pofuna kuti izi zitheke popanda kusonyeza -m kusintha kusintha fayilo /etc/login.defs ndi pansi pa fayilo yonjezerani mzere wotsatira:
CREATE_HOME inde
04 pa 12
Mmene Mungasinthire Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mawu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Linux
Tsopano popeza mwalenga wosuta ndi foda yam'nyumba muyenera kusintha mawu achinsinsi.
Kuyika chinsinsi cha wosuta muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
mayesero a passwd
Lamulo ili pamwambalo lidzakuthandizani kuti muyike mawu achinsinsi a wosuta. Mudzapatsidwa mwayi wachinsinsi womwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.
05 ya 12
Momwe Mungasinthire Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Mukhoza kuyesa akaunti yanu yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito polemba zotsatirazi muwindo lazitali:
su - test
Lamulo ili pamwambalo limasintha wosuta ku akaunti ya mayeso ndikuganiza kuti munapanga foda yam'nyumba kuti mudzayike mu foda yanu kwa munthu ameneyo.
06 pa 12
Pangani Munthu Ndi Tsiku Lotsalira
Ngati mukugwira ntchito muofesi ndipo muli ndi makontrakitala atsopano omwe akuyamba kuti azikhala paofesi yanu kwa kanthawi kochepa ndiye mukufuna kukhazikitsa tsiku lomaliza pa akaunti yake.
Mofananamo, ngati muli ndi banja kuti mukhalepo ndiye kuti mutha kupanga akaunti yanu kwa wothandizirayo omwe amatha atatha.
Kuti mudziwe tsiku lomaliza pamene mukupanga wosuta, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili:
useradd -d / kunyumba / yeseso ​​-yeso la 2016-02-05
Tsikuli liyenera kufotokozedwa mu mtundu wa YYYY-MM-DD pomwe YYYY ndi chaka, MM ndi nambala ya mwezi ndipo DD ndi nambala ya tsiku.
07 pa 12
Momwe Mungakhalire Wogwiritsa Ntchito Ndi Kugawira Icho Pa Gulu
Ngati muli ndi watsopano wogwirizanitsa ndi kampani yanu ndiye mungafune kugawira magulu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito mafayilo ndi mafoda omwewo monga ena a gulu lawo.
Mwachitsanzo, tangoganizani kuti muli ndi mnyamata wotchedwa John ndipo akungodziphatikiza ngati akaunti.
Lamulo lotsatira likhoza kuwonjezera John ku gulu la akaunti.
useradd -m john -G akaunti
08 pa 12
Kusintha Zovuta Zolowera M'kati mwa Linux
Fayilo /etc/login.defs ndi fayilo yosinthika yomwe imapereka khalidwe losasintha pazolowera.
Pali zofunikira zina zomwe zili mu fayiloyi. Kutsegula /etc/login.defs fayilo lowetsani lamulo ili:
sudo nano /etc/login.defs
Fayilo lolowetsamo.defs liri ndi zochitika zotsatirazi zomwe mungafune kusintha:
- PASS_MAX_DAYS - Zaka liti chinsinsi chisanafike.
- PASS_MIN_DAYS - Kodi password ingasinthidwe kangati.
- PASS_WARN_AGE - Nambala ya masiku akuchenjeza isanafike chinsinsi.
- LOGIN_RETRIES - Chiwerengero cha kuyesayesa kolowera musanalephera .
- LOGIN_TIMEOUT - Ndikutenga nthawi yaitali bwanji nthawi yolowera.
- DEFAULT_HOME - Kodi wogwiritsa ntchito angalowemo ngati palibe foda yakukhalamo.
Dziwani kuti izi ndizo zosankha zosasintha ndipo zingathe kuwonjezeka pamene mukupanga watsopano.
09 pa 12
Momwe Mungatchulire Chinsinsi Chatsopano Kutha Pamene Pangani Munthu
Mukhoza kukhazikitsa tsiku la kutha kwachinsinsi, chiwerengero cha kuyang'ana kolowera ndi nthawi yopangira wosuta.
Chitsanzo chotsatira chikuwonetsa momwe mungapangire wosuta ndi chenjezo lachinsinsi, masiku angapo masiku angapo asanathe nthawi yochuluka ndikutsegula ndikuyesera.
sudo useradd test5 -m -K PASS_MAX_DAYS = 5 -K PASS_WARN_AGE = 3 -K LOGIN_RETRIES = 1
10 pa 12
Limbikitsani Chilengedwe Cha Mtumiki Popanda Foda Yathu
Ngati fayilo login.defs ili ndi mwayi CREATE_HOME inde indeke ndiye pamene wogwiritsa ntchito foda yanu idzapangidwe.
Kupanga wosuta wopanda foda yam'nyumba mosasamala kuti zoikidwiratu zikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
useradd -Yesero
Zimangosokoneza kuti -m akuyimira kumanga nyumba ndipo-akuyimira kuti musamange nyumba.
11 mwa 12
Tchulani Dzina Loyenera la Wogwiritsira Ntchito Pakulemba Wogwiritsa Ntchito
Monga gawo la ndondomeko yanu yolenga, mungasankhe kuchita chinachake ngati poyamba, chotsatira dzina lomaliza. Mwachitsanzo, dzina la "John Smith" lidzakhala "jsmith".
Pofunafuna zambiri zokhudza wogwiritsa ntchito simungathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa John Smith ndi Jenny Smith.
Mungathe kuwonjezera ndemanga pamene mukupanga akaunti kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza dzina lenileni la wosuta.
Lamulo lotsatila likuwonetsa momwe mungachitire izi:
useradd -m jsmith -c "john smith"
12 pa 12
Kusanthula The / etc / passwd Fayilo
Mukamapanga wosuta tsatanetsatane wa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akuwonjezedwa ku fayilo / etc / passwd.
Kuti muwone tsatanetsatane wa mtumiki wina mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la grep motere:
grep john / etc / passwd
Zindikirani: Lamulo ili pamwamba lidzabwezerani mwatsatanetsatane za ogwiritsira ntchito onse omwe ali ndi John monga gawo la dzina.
Fayilo / etc / passuword fayilo ili ndi mndandanda wazinthu zosiyana siyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu aliyense.
Minda ndi izi:
- Username;
- Mawu achinsinsi (omwe mwachiwonekere sangathe kuwona);
- Dzina Lolowera;
- Vuto la gulu la User;
- Dzina lonse la wosuta;
- Zolemba za kunyumba;
- Login shell.