Dzina
chiwombankhanga, chokwanira, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chitsimikizo, chilolezo, mbiri , ntchito, kupha , tiyeni, kumalo, kutuluka , popd , printf , pushd, pwd , kuwerenga, readonly, kubwerera , kuika, kusinthana, kupuma, chitsimikizo, kuimitsa, kuyesa, nthawi, msampha, mtundu, typeset, ulimit, umask, ulias , osasintha, dikirani -ma malamulo omangidwira, awone bash (1)
Bash Builtin Command
Pokhapokha ngati tawonanso, malamulo amodzi omangidwanso akulembedwa mu gawo lino monga kuvomereza zoyenera zisanachitike - kuvomereza - kutanthauza mapeto a zosankhazo.
: [ zifukwa ]
Palibe zotsatira; lamulo silichita kanthu kupitirira kukweza mikangano ndikuchita malingaliro aliwonse omwe adayankhidwa. Chikho chotsatira chotsitsa chibwezeretsedwa.
. filename [ zifukwa ]
chithunzi filename [ zifukwa ]
Werengani ndi kuchita malamulo kuchokera ku filename mu malo omwe alipo tsopano ndikubwezeretsanso kutuluka kwa lamulo lomaliza kuchokera ku firimu . Ngati fayilo ya fayilo ilibe vuto, mayina a fayilo mu PATH amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza fayilo yomwe ili ndi filename . Fayilo lofufuzidwa mu PATH siliyenera kuchitidwa. Pamene masewera sali muzolowera posix , bukhu lamakono likufufuzidwa ngati palibe fayi yomwe imapezeka PATH . Ngati chotsatira cha sourcepath ku lamulo losweka la buildin chatsekedwa , PATH sichifufuzidwa. Ngati pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimaperekedwa, zimakhala zofunikira pokhapokha ngati filename ikuchitidwa. Apo ayi maimidwe ake osasinthika sasintha. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi udindo wa lamulo lomaliza lochokera mu script (0 ngati palibe malamulo akuchitidwa), ndi zabodza ngati fayilo la fayilo silipezeka kapena silingakhoze kuwerengedwa.
alias [ -p ] [ dzina [= value ] ...]
Alias opanda ndemanga kapena ndi -p njira imasindikiza mndandanda wa zowonongeka mu mawonekedwe alias = = mtengo pamtundu woyenerera. Pamene zifukwa zimaperekedwa, alias akufotokozedwa chifukwa cha dzina lirilonse lomwe mtengo wake waperekedwa. Malo amtengo wapatali amachititsa kuti liwu lotsatira liyang'ane m'malo mwasintha pamene alias akuwonjezeka. Pa dzina lirilonse mu mndandanda wa zokambirana zomwe palibe phindu lamaperekedwe, dzina ndi mtengo wa alias zasindikizidwa. Alias amabwereranso pokhapokha atapatsidwa dzina lomwe palibe chomwe chimatanthauzira.
bg [ jobspec ]
Bwezerani ntchito ntchitospec yoimitsidwa kumbuyo, ngati kuti inayamba ndi & . Ngati ntchitospec siilipo, lingaliro la chigoba cha ntchito yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito likugwiritsidwa ntchito. bg jobspec amabwerera 0 pokhapokha athamanga pamene ntchito ikulephereka kapena, pamene muthamanga ndi ntchito yothandizira, ngati ntchitospec sinapezeke kapena inayamba popanda kulamulira ntchito.
samanga [ -m keymap ] [ -lpsvPSV ]
gwiritsani [ -m keymap ] [ -q ntchito ] [ -u ntchito ] [ -r keyseq ]
gwiritsani [ -mm keymap ] -f fomu yamakina
gwiritsani [ -m keyfap ] -x keyseq : shell-command
gwiritsani [ -m keyfap ] keyseq : ntchito-dzina
limbani kuwerenga-malamulo
Onetsani makiyi owerengera omwe alipo panopa ndi ntchito zomangiriza, pangani ndondomeko yofunikira ku ofesi ya ntchito kapena macro, kapena yesani kuwerengera . Chigamulo chilichonse chosasankha ndilo lamulo ngati likhoza kuonekera mu .inputrc , koma kumangiriza kapena lamulo lililonse liyenera kuperekedwa ngati ndemanga yosiyana; Mwachitsanzo, "\" \ Cx \ Cr ": re-read-init-file '. Zosankha, ngati zatumizidwa, zikhale ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-m keymap
Gwiritsani ntchito keymap monga keymap kuti akhudzidwe ndi zomangira zotsatira. Maina ovomerezeka a keymap ndi maimacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command , ndi vi-insert . vi ndizofanana ndi vi-command ; emacs ndi ofanana ndi emacs-yofanana .
-l
Lembani mayina a ntchito zonse zowerengera .
-p
Onetsani maina ogwira ntchito owerengera ndi zomangirizidwa m'njira yoti athe kuwerenga.
-P
Lembani mndandanda wamakono omwe akugwira ntchito ndi mayina.
-v
Onetsani maina omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi mayina awo kuti athe kuwerenga.
-V
Lembani mayina omwe alipo pakali pano ndi mayina ake.
-s
Onetsani njira zofunikira zowonjezera zowonjezeredwa zopangidwa ku macros ndi zingwe zomwe iwo amapereka mwa njira yoti athe kuwerenga.
-S
Onetsani zolemba zowonjezera zowonjezeredwa zopangidwa ku macros ndi zingwe zomwe amachokera.
-f fomu ya fayilo
Werengani makalata omveka kuchokera ku filename .
-q ntchito
Kufunsanso za makiyi omwe amalembetsa dzina lake.
-ntchito
Sakanizani mafungulo onse omwe mumagwira ntchito .
-r keyseq
Chotsani chomangiriza pakali pano cha keyseq .
-x keyseq : shell-command
Chifukwa shell-lamulo iyenera kuchitidwa pamene keyseq yalowa.
Mtengo wobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati njira yosadziwika yaperekedwa kapena vuto linachitika.
kuswa [ n ]
Tulukani mkati mwa, nthawi , mpaka , kapena musankhe chingwe. Ngati nichiwonetsedweratu, pewani nambala . Nyenera kukhala> 1. Ngati n nambala yaikulu yowonjezera malupu, zitseko zonse zotsekedwa zatha. Mtengo wobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati chipolopolocho sichimawombera panthawi yopuma .
anamanga shell-builtin [ zifukwa ]
Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yamagulu yowonjezera, yongolerani zifukwa , ndi kubwezeretsanso udindo wake. Izi ndizothandiza pofotokozera ntchito yomwe dzina lake ndilofanana ndi shell shell, ndikusunga momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito. Cd builtin imafotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza motere. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi wabodza ngati shell-builtin si lamulo la shell shell.
cd [ -L | -P ] [ dir ]
Sinthani makalata atsopano kuti muwone . HOME yosasinthasintha ndi deta yosasintha. CDPATH yosasintha imatanthauzira njira yofufuzira yandandanda yomwe ili ndi dir . Zina zolembetsera mayina mu CDPATH zimasiyanitsidwa ndi colon (:). Dzina lachinsinsi la CDPATH ndilofanana ndi mauthenga omwe alipo, mwachitsanzo, `` . ''. Ngati dothi likuyamba ndi kupha (/), ndiye kuti CDPATH siigwiritsidwe ntchito. The -P njira imati tigwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe athumangidwe mmalo mwa kutsatira zizindikiro zophiphiritsira (onaninso -P kusankha njira yakuika); -Zomwe mungakonde zogwirizana zotsatiridwa. Kukangana k_kufanana ndi $ OLDPWD . Mtengo wobwereranso ndi wowona ngati bukhuli linasinthidwa bwino; zabodza.
lamulo [ -pVv ] lamulo [ arg ...]
Kuthamanga lamulo ndi args kupondereza chizolowezi chipolopolo ntchito lookup. Malamulo omangidwa okha kapena malamulo omwe amapezeka mu PATH akuphedwa. Ngati -p njira ikuperekedwa, kufufuza kwa lamulo kumachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wosasinthika wa PATH umene umatsimikiziridwa kuti upeze zonse zoyenera. Ngati mwina -V kapena -v njirayi ikuperekedwa, kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumasindikizidwa. Chinthu -v chimayambitsa mawu amodzi omwe amasonyeza lamulo kapena dzina la fayilo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popempha lamulo kuti liwonetsedwe; the -V njira imapanga kufotokozera kwambiri. Ngati -V kapena -v njirayi ikuperekedwa, udindo wotuluka ndi 0 ngati lamulo likupezeka, ndi 1 ngati ayi. Ngati palibe chinthu chomwe chimaperekedwa ndipo vuto linachitika kapena lamulo silingapezeke, udindo wotuluka ndi 127. Kupanda kutero, kutuluka kwa lamulo lomangidwa ndi lamulo ndikutuluka kwa lamulo .
compgen [ option ] [ mawu ]
Gwiritsani ntchito masewero omwe amathera kumapeto kwa mawu molingana ndi kusankha s, zomwe zingakhale njira iliyonse yolandiridwa ndi nyumba yomaliza kupatulapo -p ndi -r , ndipo lembani masewerowo kuwonongeka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito -F kapena -C zosankha, zosiyanasiyana zipolopolo zopangidwa ndi mapulogalamu okonzanso mapulogalamu, pamene alipo, sadzakhala ndi mfundo zabwino.
MaseĊµerawo adzapangidwanso mofanana ngati chida chokonzekera chokonzekera chinawapanga iwo molunjika kuchokera kumapeto kukamaliza ndi mbendera zomwezo. Ngati mawu adanenedwa, mawu okhawo omaliza omwe amatha kufotokozera adzawonekera.
Ndalama yobwereranso ndi yoona pokhapokha ngati palibe njira yowonjezera yoperekera, kapena palibe zofanana.
yambani [ -abcdefgjksuv ] [ -yomwe mungasankhe ] [ -Achitidwe ] [ -G globpat ] [ -W wordlist ] [ -P choyamba ] [ -S suffix ]
[ -Pupepala chowonetsera ] [ -F ntchito ] [ -C command ] dzina [ dzina ... ]
malizitsani - dzina [ dzina ...]
Fotokozani momwe ziganizo pa dzina lirilonse ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa. Ngati -p njira ikuperekedwa, kapena ngati palibe njira zowonjezeredwa, zizindikiro zomwe zilipo kale zimasindikizidwa m'njira yomwe imawalola kuti azigwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chotsalira -cho chichotseratu kutsirizira kwa dzina lirilonse, kapena, ngati palibe dzina loperekedwa, zonsezo zatsirizidwa.
Ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yomalizayi pamene mawu akumaliza kuyesedwa akufotokozedwa pamwambapa pansi pa Kukonzekera Kukonzekera .
Zosankha zina, ngati zanenedwa, zikhale ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa. Zotsutsa za -G , -W , ndi -X zosankha (ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, -P ndi -S zosankha) ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti ziwateteze kuzowonjezera asanayambe kukonza kwathunthu .
-nkhani yosankha
Choyimira chisankho chimayendetsa mbali zingapo za khalidwe la compspec kupyola mwapang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa completions. Chophatikizapo chisankho chingakhale chimodzi mwa:
chosasintha
Gwiritsani ntchito fayilo yowonjezereka ya readline ngati compspec sichigwirizana.
zojambulajambula
Gwiritsani ntchito dzina lakumaliza kukwaniritsa ngati compspec sichikugwirizana.
zojambulajambula
Uzani owerengera kuti compspec imapanga mafayilo, kotero izo zingathe kupanga mafayilo aliwonse a filename (monga kuwonjezera kuphonya kwa mayina a mayina kapena kupondereza malo osungira). Cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipolopolozo.
kamphindi
Uzani owerenga kuti asatchule malo (osasintha) m'mawu omwe anamaliza kumapeto kwa mzere.
-Kachitidwe
Chochitacho chingakhale chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi kuti apange mndandanda wa zomaliza zomaliza:
alias
Mayina achilendo. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -a .
arrayvar
Sakani mayina otchuka.
kumanga
Mayina ofunika kwambiri omwe amamangirira.
builtin
Mayina a malamulo omangidwa a shell. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -b .
lamulo
Lamulo la mayina. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa ngati mayina. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -c .
zolemba
Mayina a Directory . Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -d .
olumala
Mayina a makina olemala.
yathandiza
Mayina ogwiritsidwa ntchito omanga makina omanga.
kutumiza kunja
Mayina a mitundu ya zipolopolo zotumizidwa. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -e .
fayilo
Lembani mayina. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -f .
ntchito
Mayina a zipolopolo amagwira ntchito.
gulu
Mayina a gulu. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -g .
helptopic
Thandizani mitu monga momwe amavomerezera ndi zomangamanga.
Mayina a mayina, monga amatengedwa kuchokera pa fayilo yomwe imayimilidwa ndi kusintha kwa HOSTFILE shell.
ntchito
Maina a Yobu, ngati ntchito yothandizira ikugwira ntchito. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -j .
mawu ofunika
Mawu osungirako. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -k .
akuthamanga
Mayina a ntchito zogwira ntchito, ngati ntchito yothandizira ikugwira ntchito.
utumiki
Maina a utumiki. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -s .
setulo
Zolondola zokhudzana ndi_nkhoswe kwa yokhazikitsidwa .
zochepa
Maina a mayankho omwe amavomerezedwa ndi omangamanga ophwanyika .
chizindikiro
Mayina a chizindikiro.
adaima
Maina a kusiya ntchito, ngati ntchito yothandiza ikugwira ntchito.
wosuta
Mayina ogwiritsira ntchito. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -u .
kusintha
Maina a mitundu yonse yamagulu. Mukhozanso kutchulidwa monga -v .
-G globpat
Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha filename globpat chikufutukuka kuti chikhale chotheka kumapeto.
-W listlist
Mndandanda wa mawu umagawanika pogwiritsira ntchito malemba a IFS osinthika monga opanga, ndipo mawu amodzi akutsatidwa. Zomwe zingatheke ndi mamembala a mndandanda womwe ukutsatira mawu omwe akukwaniritsidwa.
-C lamulo
Lamulo likugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chigawo cha subshell, ndipo zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zotheka kumaliza.
-F ntchito
Chipolopolo ntchito ntchito ikuchitidwa mu pakali pano chilengedwe. Mukadzatha, zotheka kumaliza zimachotsedwa ku mtengo wa COMPREPLY wosiyana siyana.
-fayiti yowonongeka
Pulogalamu yamakono ndiyo chitsanzo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezereka kwa filename. Ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mndandanda wa zotheka kumaliza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zisanachitike ndi zotsutsana, ndipo firiji iliyonse yowonongeka imachotsedwa pamndandanda. Chotsogolera ! mu fyuluta yanyalanyaza chitsanzo; Pachifukwa ichi, kusamalidwa kulikonse kosagwirizana ndi filterpat kumachotsedwa.
-Chiyambi cha P
Chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka kumayambiriro kwa zonse zomwe zingatheke pomaliza ntchito zina zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
-S suffix
Chilichonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza kukwaniritsa zonse zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mtengo wobwereranso ndi wowona pokhapokha ngati palibe chinthu cholakwika, chotsalira china osati -p kapena -chiperekedwa popanda kutsutsana ndi dzina , kuyesedwa kuti kuchotseratu kutsirizira kwa dzina limene palibe chizindikiro, kapena cholakwika kuwonjezera kufotokoza kwathunthu.
pitirizani [ n ]
Yambani kutsogolo kwotsatira kwa kutsekedwa kwa , mpaka , mpaka , kapena kusankha chisindikizo. Ngati n yatsimikiziridwa, yambiraninso ku n th enclinging loop. Nyenera kukhala> 1. Ngati n yaikulu kuposa chiwerengero cha zipika zokopa, kumapeto kotsekedwa kotsekedwa ('`mkulu-level' 'loop) ikuyambiranso. Ndalama yobweretsera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati chipolopolo sichichita chigwiritsiro pokhapokha chitaperekedwa.
lizani [ Firtx ] [ -p ] [ name [= value ]]
fakita [ -Firtx ] [ -p ] [ dzina [= value ]]
Fotokozani zosiyana ndi / kapena kuwapatsa zikhumbo. Ngati palibe dzina s limaperekedwa ndikuwonetseratu zikhalidwe za mitundu. A -p kusankha adzasonyeza makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za dzina lirilonse. Pamene -p ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zosankhidwa zina zimanyalanyazidwa. The -F option amasokoneza mawonetseredwe a ntchito; okha dzina la ntchito ndi zikhumbo zimasindikizidwa. The_F njira amatanthawuza -f . Zotsatira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulepheretsa zowonongeka kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zida zomwe zafotokozedwa kapena kupereka zofunikira makhalidwe:
-a
Dzina lirilonse liri lotembenuka mosiyanasiyana (onani Zithunzi pamwambapa).
-f
Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito mayina okha.
-i
Zosintha zimatengedwa ngati nambala; kusanthula kwa masamu (onani kuunika kwa ARITHMETIC) kumachitika pamene kusintha kumapatsidwa mtengo.
-r
Lembani dzina lokha lowerengedwa. Mayina awa sangaperekedwenso malemba ndi zotsatira zokhudzana ndi ntchito kapena osasintha.
-t
Perekani dzina lirilonse chizindikiro chotsatira . Ntchito zogwira ntchito zimalandira msampha wa DEBUG kuchokera ku shell yolumikiza. Chidziwitso chotsatirachi chiribe tanthauzo lapadera kwa mitundu.
-x
Dzina la Maliko kuti zithetsedwe ku malamulo otsatirawa kudzera pa chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsira ntchito `+ 'mmalo mwa` -' kumachotsa malingaliro mmalo mwake, kupatulapo kuti sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonongera mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lirilonse, monga ndi lamulo lapafupi . Ndalama yobweretsera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika, mungayesere kutanthauzira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ``f foo = bar '', kuyesayesa kupatsa phindu kuwerengeka kokha, kuyesedwa kumayesedwa kuti apereke mtengo ku zigawo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chigawo chophatikizapo ntchito (onani Zithunzi pamwambapa), limodzi la mayina silo lovomerezeka dzina losinthika dzina, kuyesedwa kumapangitsa kuti pokhapokha pokhapokha kuwerenga, kuyesayesa kupangidwira kuchotsa malo omwe alipo pazowonjezera, kapena kuyesedwa kuyesetsera ntchito yosakhalapo ndi -f .
dirs [-clpv ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Popanda zosankha, amasonyeza mndandanda wa mauthenga omwe amakumbukiridwa pano. Kuwonetsedwa kosasinthika kuli pa mzera umodzi ndi mayina a mayina olekanitsidwa ndi malo. Zowonjezera zawonjezedwa ku mndandanda ndi lamulo la pushd ; lamulo la popd limachotsa zolemba kuchokera mndandanda.
+ n
Kuwonetsa kuwerengera kwa nth Kuchokera kumanzere kwa mndandanda wowonetsedwa ndi abambo pamene akuitanidwa popanda zosankha, kuyambira ndi zero.
- n
Kuwonetsa kuwerengera kwa nth ku kuchokera kumanja kwa mndandanda womwe amasonyeza aang'ono pamene akuitanidwa popanda zosankha, kuyambira ndi zero.
-c
Akutsitsa ndondomeko yowonjezera pochotsa zonsezo.
-l
Ikupanga mndandanda wautali; Mndandanda wa zolemba zosasinthika umagwiritsa ntchito tilde kutanthauzira buku la nyumba.
-p
Sindikizani phukusi lachinsinsi ndi cholowa chimodzi pamzere.
-v
Sindikizani zolembazo ndi cholembera chimodzi pa mzere, kuyika cholembera chilichonse ndi ndondomeko yake.
Mtengo wobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa kapena nndondomeko zoposa mapeto a cholembera.
kukana [ -ar ] [ -h ] [ jobspec ...]
Popanda zosankha, ntchito iliyonse imachotsedwa patebulo la ntchito yogwira ntchito. Ngati chithandizo cha -h chikuperekedwa, ntchito iliyonse isachotsedwa pa tebulo, koma yaikidwa kuti SIGHUP isatumizedwe kuntchito ngati chipolopolocho chikulandira SIGHUP . Ngati palibe ntchitospec ilipo, ndipo palibe -a kapena -nkhaniyo imaperekedwa, ntchito yamakono ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati palibe ntchitospec ikuperekedwa, i_njirayo ikutanthauza kuchotsa kapena kusindikiza ntchito zonse; Chinthu -chabe popanda ndemanga ya jobspec imalepheretsa ntchito kugwira ntchito. Mtengo wobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati ntchitospec sinafotokoze ntchito yolondola.
tchulani [ eEE ] [ arg ...]
Tulutsani s s, osiyana ndi malo, otsatiridwa ndi newline. NthaĊµi yobwerera nthawi zonse 0. Ngati_nayankhulidwa , mndandanda wa atsopano umachotsedwa. Ngati_njirayo yaperekedwa, kutanthauzira kwa anthu omwe akuthawa kutuluka ndiwathandiza. A_Osankhidwa amalepheretsa kutanthauzira kwa anthu othamanga, ngakhale pa machitidwe omwe amamasuliridwa mwachindunji. Chotsalira cha xpg_echo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu kuti mudziwe ngati sichikuthandizira kusinthana ndi masewerawa. Echo sikutanthauzira_kutanthauza mapeto a zosankha. mawu omasuliridwa amatanthauzira zotsatirazi:
\ a
tcheru (belu)
\ b
kumbuyo
\ c
thandizani kuchotsa zatsopano
\ e
khalidwe lothawa
\ f
chakudya cha mawonekedwe
\ n
mzere watsopano
\ r
kubwerera kwa carriage
\ t
tabu losakanikirana
\ v
tabu yowongoka
\\
kubwerera mmbuyo
\ N nnn
khalidwe la-bit-eight lomwe mtengo wake ndi octal value nnn (zero mpaka octal digits)
\ nnn
chiwerengero cha bitatu chomwe mtengo wake ndi octal value nnn (1 mpaka 3 octal digits)
\ x HH
chiwerengero cha bitatu chomwe mtengo wake ndi hexadecimal value HH (imodzi kapena awiri hex tarakimu)
thandizani [ -adnps ] [ -f fomu yamakina ] [ dzina ...]
Thandizani ndi kulepheretsa malamulo omangira shell. Kulepheretsa anthu kumalo kumalo kumapatsa lamulo la disk lomwe liri ndi dzina lofanana ndi shell shell yomwe imapangidwa popanda kuwonetsa njira yeniyeni, ngakhale kuti chipolopolochi chimafufuzira zowonjezera pamaso pa ma disk. Ngati_nagwiritsidwa ntchito, dzina lirilonse likulephereka; Apo ayi, mayina amatha. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito kanthano kameneka kamapezeka kudzera pa PATH mmalo mwa chigoba chogwiritsidwa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito `` khalani ndi test ''. I_njira ikutanthawuza kutsegula dzina latsopano loyambitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zojambulidwa pazinthu, pa machitidwe omwe amathandizira kutsegula kwambiri. Chotsalira- chotsitsa chidzachotsa malo omwe kale anali odzaza -f . Ngati palibe zifukwa zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa, kapena ngati -p chisankho chikuperekedwa, mndandanda wa makina opangira zipolopolo amasindikizidwa. Popanda njira zina zotsutsana, mndandanda uli ndi zonse zomwe zathandiza kuti zipolopolo zikhale zomangidwa. Ngati_ngaperekedwe, zomangamanga zokha zokha zimasindikizidwa. Ngati -waperekedwa , mndandanda womwe umasindikizidwa umaphatikizapo zomangira zonse, zomwe zikusonyeza ngati aliyense apatsidwa kapena ayi. Ngati_ngaperekedwe, zotsatira zake zimangokhala pazipangizo zapadera za POSIX.
Mtengo wobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha dzina silili shell kapena pali kulakwitsa kulumikizana kwatsopano kuchokera ku chinthu chogawana.
eval [ arg ...]
Ma ss amawerengedwa ndikukambitsirana pamodzi mu lamulo limodzi. Lamulo ili ndiye likuwerengedwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi chipolopolo, ndipo chiwonetsero chake chibwezeretsedwa ngati mtengo wa zowona . Ngati palibe args , kapena mfundo zokhazokha, kubwerera kwa eval 0.
exec [ -cl ] [ -a dzina ] [ lamulo [ zifukwa ]
Ngati lamulo likufotokozedwa, limalowetsa chipolopolocho. Palibe njira yatsopano yolengedwa. Zokambirana zimakhala zotsutsana. Ngati -yankhoyi ikuperekedwa, chipolopolocho chimayika kadamsana kumayambiriro kwa arg zeroth yopita kukalamula . Izi ndizolowetsa (1). A -c kusankha amapangitsa lamulo kuti lichitidwe ndi malo opanda kanthu. Ngati -waperekedwa , chipolopolocho chimapatsa dzina ngati ndondomeko ya zeroth ku lamulo lomwe laperekedwa. Ngati lamulo silingathe kuchitidwa chifukwa china, chipolopolo chosagwirana chimachoka, kupatula ngati chisankho chophwanyidwa chitetezedwa chikuthandizidwa , ngati icho chimabwerera kulephera. Chigoba chophatikizana chimabwerera kulephera ngati fayilo singathe kuchitidwa. Ngati lamulo silinanenedwe, ndondomeko iliyonse idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chigamba chamakono, ndipo chiwerengero cha kubwerera ndi 0. Ngati pali cholakwika chobwezeretsa, kubwerera kwanu ndi 1.
kuchoka [ n ]
Chifukwa chipolopolocho chichoke ndi udindo wa n . Ngati nsiyidwa, udindo wotuluka ndiwu lamulo lomaliza. Msampha pa EXIT wapangidwa chipolopolocho chitatha.
kutumiza [ -fn ] [ dzina [= mawu ]] ...
kutumiza -p
Maina omwe amatchulidwawa amadziwika kuti amatumiza kunja ku malo omwe amatsatira malamulo. Ngati -popatsa mwayi, mayina amasonyeza ntchito. Ngati palibe mayina apatsidwa, kapena ngati -p njirayi ikuperekedwa, mndandanda wa mayina onse omwe amatumizidwa ku shellyi amasindikizidwa. I_njira imachititsa kuti katundu wogulitsira katundu achotsedwe kuchokera kuzinthu zotchulidwa. Kutumiza kunja kumabweretsanso ufulu wotuluka kuchokera ku 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika chomwe chikukumana nacho, mayina amodzi si dzina lovomerezeka la chigoba, kapena_ndipatsidwa dzina lomwe silogwira ntchito.
fc [ -e ename ] [ -nlr ] [ choyamba ] [ wotsiriza ]
fc -s [ pat = rep ] [ cmd ]
Konzani Lamulo. Mu mawonekedwe oyambirira, malamulo osiyanasiyana kuyambira oyambirira mpaka otsiriza amasankhidwa kuchokera mndandanda wa mbiriyakale. Choyamba ndi chomaliza chikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati chingwe (kuti mupeze lamulo lomaliza loyamba ndi chingwe) kapena ngati nambala (ndondomeko mu mndandanda wa mbiri, pamene nambala yolakwika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yotsutsana ndi chiwerengero cha lamulo). Ngati chotsiriza sichidziwitsidwa, chimayikidwa ku lamulo lomwe likupezeka kuti lilembedwe (kuti `` fc -l -10 '' asinthe malamulo khumi) komanso poyamba . Ngati choyamba sichinatchulidwe, chimayikidwa ku lamulo lapitalo kuti likonzedwe ndi -16 kuti liwerenge.
I_njira imaphwanya manambala a malamulo polemba. Chosankha -chachi chimasintha lamulo la malamulo. Ngati -poperekedwa , malamulowa ali pamtundu woyenera. Apo ayi, mkonzi woperekedwa ndi ename akufunsidwa pa fayilo yomwe ili ndi malamulo awa. Ngati chiwerengero sichiperekedwa , mtengo wa FCEDIT wosinthika wagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mtengo wa EDITOR ngati FCEDIT sichikhazikitsidwe. Ngati palibe chosinthika, chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Kusintha kukamaliza, malamulo okonzedwa amavomerezedwa ndi kuchitidwa.
Mu mawonekedwe achiwiri, lamulo likubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo pa gawo lililonse la pat libwezedwa ndi rep . Zida zothandiza kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi `` r = fc -s '', kotero kuti kuyimba `` r cc '' kuthamanga lamulo lomaliza kuyambira `` cc '' ndi kuyika `` r '' kumabweretsanso lamulo.
Ngati fomu yoyamba ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndalama yobwereza ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika chomwe chikukumana nacho kapena choyamba kapena chomalizira chimatchula mizere ya mbiri yakale. Ngati_njirayo ikuperekedwa, mtengo wobwerera ndi mtengo wa lamulo lomaliza lachitidwa kapena kulephera ngati cholakwika chimapezeka ndi mafayilo apangidwe kawanthawi. Ngati mawonekedwe achiwiri akugwiritsidwa ntchito, kubwereranso ndiko kwa lamulo lomwe lapitsidwanso , kupatula cmd sichidziwitse mzere wolondola wa mbiri, pomwe fc ikubwezeretsanso.
fg [ jobspec ]
Bwezerani ntchito patsogolo pomwe, ndikupange ntchito yomwe ilipo. Ngati ntchitospec siilipo, lingaliro la chigoba cha ntchito yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wobwereranso ndi wa lamulo lomwe laikidwa patsogolo, kapena kulephera ngati kutsegulidwa kwa ntchito sikulephereka, kapena ngati kuthamanga ndi ntchito yothandizira, ngati ntchitospec sinafotokoze ntchito yabwino kapena jobspec ikufotokoza ntchito yomwe inayambika popanda kulamulira ntchito .
tchulani dzina la optstring [ args ]
Kuwombera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipolopolo njira zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zina. Optstring ili ndi machitidwe omwe angadziwike; ngati chikhalidwe chikutsatiridwa ndi colon, njirayo ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mkangano, umene uyenera kukhala wosiyana nawo ndi malo oyera. Zilembo zamakonzedwe ndi zizindikiro sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zizindikiro. Nthawi iliyonse ikapemphedwa, yambani kusankha njira yotsatira mu dzina lachigoba, kuyambitsa dzina ngati kulibe, ndipo ndondomeko ya kutsutsana yotsatira iyenera kusinthidwa OPTIND . OPTIND imayambitsidwa 1 nthawi iliyonse pamene chipolopolo kapena script ikufunsidwa. Ngati chofunika chimafuna kukangana, tipezani malo otsutsanawo kukhala OPTARG yosasintha .Goli siikonzanso OPTIND ; liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwadongosolo pakati pa maulendo angapo kuti ayambe kulowa mkati mwa chikumbumtima chomwecho ngati pangakhale njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito.
Pamene mapeto a zosankha akukumana nawo, ziphuphu zimatuluka ndi mtengo wobwerera kuposa zero. OPTIND yasankhidwa ku ndondomeko ya mkangano woyamba wosasankha, ndipo dzina laikidwa?
amayamba kawirikawiri kumagwiritsa ntchito magawo ena, koma ngati zifukwa zambiri zimaperekedwa m'magulu, zimakhala zovuta kuzilemba .
mayendedwe akhoza kufotokoza zolakwika m'njira ziwiri. Ngati khalidwe loyamba la optstring ndi koloni, kufotokozera kwachinyengo komweko kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu machitidwe ovomerezeka opatsirana opaleshoni amasindikizidwa ngati zosankhidwa zosayenera kapena zosowa zosagwirizana nazo. Ngati oterewa OPTERR adasankhidwa ku 0, palibe mauthenga olakwika omwe angasonyezedwe, ngakhale ngati khalidwe loyamba la optstring silili koloni.
Ngati chisankho chosadziwika chikuwonetsedwa, zimayambira malo? mu dzina, ndipo, ngati osakhala chete, akujambula uthenga wolakwika ndikusokoneza OPTARG . Ngati chiwopsezo chimakhala chete, choyimira chotsatira chimapezeka chikuikidwa mu OPTARG ndipo palibe uthenga wosanthula umene umasindikizidwa.
Ngati kukangana kumene sikukupezekanso , ndikutsegula sizakhala chete, chizindikiro cha funso ( ? ) Chimayikidwa m'dzina , OPTARG imasintha, ndipo uthenga wosanthula umasindikizidwa. Ngati phokoso liri chete, ndiye coloni ( :) imayikidwa m'dzina ndipo OPTARG imasankhidwa ku khalidwe lopezeka.
getopts imabwereranso ngati chinthu, chanenedwa kapena chosadziwika, chikupezeka. Ikubwerera zabodza ngati mapeto a zosankha akukumana kapena vuto limapezeka.
hash [ -lr ] [ -p filename ] [ -dt ] [ dzina ]
Kwa dzina lirilonse, dzina lapayeti yonse ya lamulo limatsimikiziridwa mwa kufufuza zolembera mu $ PATH ndi kukumbukiridwa. Ngati -p njira ikuperekedwa, palibe njira yofufuzira ikuchitidwa, ndipo dzina la fayilo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina lonse la fayilo la lamulolo. Chotsalira -cha chimapangitsa chipolopolo kuiwala malo onse okumbukiridwa. Chinthu -chidabwitsa chimapangitsa chipolopolo kuiwala malo omwe amakumbukiridwa. Ngati_njirayo ikuperekedwa, njira yeniyeni yomwe dzina lirilonse limafananako lasindikizidwa. Ngati mayina angapo amadziwika ndi -t , dzinalo lasindikizidwa musanayambe dzina lonse. Chotsulo -chicho chimayambitsa zowonjezera kuti ziwonetsedwe mu mawonekedwe omwe angagwiritsiridwenso ntchito. Ngati palibe zotsutsana zoperekedwa, kapena ngati -ziperekedwa , zidziwitso za malamulo okumbukiridwa amasindikizidwa. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi woona pokhapokha ngati palibe dzina kapena palibe cholakwika chomwe chimaperekedwa.
thandizani [ -s ] [ chitsanzo ]
Onetsani zothandiza zokhudzana ndi malamulo omangira. Ngati chithunzi chikufotokozedwa, chithandizo chimapereka thandizo lothandizira pa malamulo onse ofanana ndi chitsanzo ; mwinamwake kuthandizira pa zomangamanga zonse ndi nyumba zowonongetsa zipolopolo zimasindikizidwa. Zomwe -zosankha zimapereka chidziwitso kuwonetserako mwachidule. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0 pokhapokha palibe lamulo lofanana ndi dongosolo .
mbiri [ n ]
mbiri -c
mbiri -d offset
nthano- mbiri [ fayilo ]
mbiri -p arg [ arg ... ]
mbiri -s arg [ arg ... ]
Popanda zosankha, onetsani mndandanda wa mbiri yakale ndi manambala a mzere. Mipangidwe yowonjezera ndi * yasinthidwa. Kukangana kwa mndandanda chabe mndandanda wa mapeto. Ngati filename ikuperekedwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga dzina la fayilo yakale; ngati ayi, mtengo wa HISTFILE umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosankha, ngati zatumizidwa, zikhale ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-c
Chotsani mndandanda wa mbiri pochotsa zolemba zonse.
-d offset
Chotsani kulowera mbiriyakale pa malo osokonezeka .
-a
Lembani mndandanda wa `` watsopano '' wolemba mbiri (mizere ya mbiri yolembedwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha masewera a masewera) ku fayilo ya mbiriyakale.
-n
Werengani mndandanda wa mbiri yakale yomwe sumawerengedwe kale kuchokera ku fayilo ya mbiri yakale ku mndandanda wambiri wamakono. Awa ndi mizere yokhazikika ku fayilo ya mbiriyakale kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masewero omwe alipo tsopano.
-r
Werengani zomwe zili mu fayilo ya mbiri ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati mbiri yakale.
-w
Lembani mbiri yamakono ku fayilo ya mbiriyakale, ndikulembera zolemba za mbiriyakale.
-p
Pangani mbiri yanu mmalo mwa args akutsatila ndikuwonetsa zotsatira pamtundu woyenera. Sungasunge zotsatira mu mndandanda wa mbiriyakale. Cholinga chilichonse chiyenera kutchulidwa kuti chilepheretse kufalikira kwa mbiriyakale.
-s
Sungani ma args mu mndandanda wa mbiri monga cholowa chokha. Lamulo lomalizira mndandanda wa mbiri yamtundu imachotsedweratu asanatengedwe.
Ndalama yobweretsera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika, cholakwika chimapezeka pakuwerengera kapena kulemba fayilo ya mbiriyakale, kutayika kosavomerezeka kumaperekedwa monga kutsutsana ku -d , kapena kukula kwa mbiri kunaperekedwa ngati kutsutsana kwa -ku kukulephera .
ntchito [ -lnprs ] [ jobspec ...]
ntchito -x lamulo [magulu ...]
Fomu yoyamba imatchula ntchito yogwira ntchito. Zosankhazo ziri ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-l
Zotsatira zamakalata zolemba pambali pazomwe zimachitika.
-p
Lembani kokha chidziwitso cha ndondomeko ya mtsogoleri wa gulu la ntchito.
-n
Onetsani zokhudzana ndi ntchito zomwe zasintha chikhalidwe kuyambira pomwe womaliza adziwitsidwa za udindo wawo.
-r
Lembetsani zogwiritsira ntchito ntchito.
-s
Pezani zowonongeka kuti muleke ntchito.
Ngati ntchitospec ikuperekedwa, zotsatira zake zimangofunika kudziwa zambiri zokhudza ntchitoyo. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika chomwe chikukumana nacho kapena ntchito yosavomerezeka imaperekedwa.
Ngati njira -x ikuperekedwa, ntchito imalowetsa ntchito iliyonse yothandizira yomwe imapezeka mu lamulo kapena args yomwe ikugwirizana ndi ID ya gululo, ndipo ikuchita lamulo lomwe limapereka chigamulocho , kubwezeretsanso udindo wake.
kupha [ -s sigspec | -ndi chizindikiro | - sigspec ] [ pid | jobspec ] ...
kupha -l [ sigspec | tulukani ]
Tumizani chizindikiro chomwe chimatchedwa sigspec kapena signum ku ndondomeko yotchedwa pid kapena jobspec . sigspec mwina ndi dzina la chizindikiro monga SIGKILL kapena nambala ya chizindikiro; signum ndi nambala ya chizindikiro. Ngati sigspec ndi dzina lachizindikiro , dzina likhoza kuperekedwa kapena popanda chiganizo cha SIG . Ngati sigspec palibe, ndiye SIGTERM imaganiza. Kukangana k_kulemba mayina awo. Ngati pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimaperekedwa pamene -patsidwa , mayina a zizindikiro zofanana ndi zotsatila zalembedwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha kubweranso ndi 0. Chotsatira cha kuchoka_ndi nambala yomwe ikuimira nambala ya chizindikiro kapena ntchito yathetsedwa ndi chizindikiro. kupha kumabwereradi ngati chizindikiro chimodzi chimatumizidwa bwino, kapena chonyenga ngati cholakwika chimapezeka kapena chosayenera chotsatira.
let arg [ arg ...]
Chilichonse ndi ndondomeko ya masamu yomwe iyenera kuyesedwa (onani kuunika kwa ARITHMETIC ). Ngati ndemanga yotsiriza ikuyesa ku 0, lolani kubwezera 1; 0 yabwezedwa mwinamwake.
malo [ chotsatira ] [ dzina [= value ] ...]
Kwa kutsutsana kulikonse, dzina lakutanthauzira lapawuniko limapangidwa, ndi mtengo wopatsidwa. Chosankhacho chingakhale chilichonse mwa zosankha zomwe mumalandira . Pamene dera lanu likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ntchito, limapangitsa dzina losiyana kuti likhale lokhazikika ku ntchitoyo ndi ana ake. Popeza mulibe ma opaleshoni, amderalo amalemba mndandanda wamasinthasintha a m'deralo kuti muwonongeke. Ndi kulakwitsa kugwiritsira ntchito dera lanu osati mkati mwa ntchito. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati malo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa ntchito, dzina losavomerezeka limaperekedwa, kapena dzina ndilo losiyana.
kutuluka
Chotsani chigoba cholowetsa.
popd [- n ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Amachotsa zolembera kuchokera muzomwe akulembera. Popanda zifukwa, amachotsa bukhu lapamwamba kuchokera ku stack, ndipo amachititsa cd kuwongolera watsopano. Maganizo, ngati aperekedwa, chitani izi:
+ n
Amachotsa kuwerengera kwa nthiti kuchokera kumanzere kwa mndandanda wa adiresi , kuyambira ndi zero. Mwachitsanzo: `popd +0 '' imachotsa bukhu loyamba,` popd +1 '' yachiwiri.
- n
Amachotsa kuwerengera kwa nthiti kuchokera kumanja kwa mndandanda wa adiresi , kuyambira ndi zero. Mwachitsanzo: `popd -0 '' imachotsa bukhu lotsiriza,` popd -1 '' lotsatira kuti likhale lotsiriza.
-n
Amathetsa kusintha kwachidziwitso pamene akuchotsa malonda kuchokera ku stack, kotero kuti chokhacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati malamulo a popd apambana, adiresi amachitiranso bwino, ndipo malo obwerera ndi 0. popd amabwerera abodza ngati cholakwika chosankhidwa, cholembera chidutswa chopanda kanthu, cholembera chosaloledwa cholembera chafotokozedwa, kapena cholembera kusintha kumalephera.
mapepala a printf [ zifukwa ]
Lembani ziganizo zokonzedweratu pamtundu woyenerera pansi pa kuyang'anira mtundu . Mndandanda uli ndi chingwe cha khalidwe chomwe chiri ndi mitundu itatu ya zinthu: zilembo zosavuta, zomwe zimangoponyedwa kuti ziwonongeke, zomwe zimatembenuzidwa ndikuponyedwa pamtundu woyenera, ndi maonekedwe ake, zomwe zimayambitsa kusindikiza kwazotsatira kutsutsana kutsatizana. Kuphatikiza pa zojambula zofanana (1) zojambula, % b imayambitsa printf kuti iwonjezere njira zotsalira zotsatila potsutsana , ndipo % q imayambitsa printf kuti ikatulutsane mndandanda womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga shell input.
Chizolowezicho chimagwiritsiranso ntchito ngati chofunikira kuti ziwononge zotsutsana zonse . Ngati maonekedwe akusowa zifukwa zambiri kuposa zomwe zimaperekedwa, mafotokozedwe atsopanowo amakhala ngati kuti zero kapena mtengo wosasintha, ngati woyenera, waperekedwa. Mtengo wobwereza ndi zero phindu, osati zero kulephera.
pushd [ -n ] [ dir ]
pushd [ -n ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Ikuwonjezera zolemba mpaka pamwamba pa mndandanda wamakalata, kapena imasinthasintha ndodoyo, yopanga chatsopano chatsopano cha zolembera zamakono. Popanda kutsutsana, kusinthanitsa maulendo awiri apamwamba ndi kubwerera 0, kupatulapo ndondomeko yowonjezera ilibe. Maganizo, ngati aperekedwa, chitani izi:
+ n
Zimayendetsa thumba kuti nth directory (kuwerengera kuchokera kumanzere kwa mndandanda wa adiresi , kuyambira ndi zero) ili pamwamba.
- n
Zimayendetsa thumba kuti mndandanda wa n (kuwerengera kuchokera kumanja kwa mndandanda wa adiresi , kuyambira ndi zero) uli pamwamba.
-n
Amathetsa kusintha kwachidziwitso pamene akuwonjezera mauthenga ku stack, kotero kuti chokhacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
dir
Kuwonjezera kumatanthauzira ku stack yowonjezera pamwamba, ndikupanga buku latsopano lomwe likugwira ntchito.
Ngati lamulo la push push likupambana , adiresi amachitiranso. Ngati fomu yoyamba ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, pushd imabwerera 0 pokhapokha ngati CD ikulephera. Ndi mawonekedwe achiwiri, pushd imabwerera 0 kupatula ngati pulogalamu yamakina ilibe kanthu, palibe cholembera cholembera chophatikizidwa, kapena bukhulo likusintha kupita kudilesi yamakono yatsopanoyo ikulephera.
pwd [ -LP ]
Sinthani njira yoyendetsera ntchito yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Njira yomwe imasindikizidwa ilibe zizindikiro zophiphiritsira ngati -P njirayo ikuperekedwa kapena_nthupi yeniyeni ku lamulo loyikidwa lokhazikika limapatsidwa mphamvu. Ngati -Kodi njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yotchulidwa ikhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0 pokhapokha pali vuto pamene mukuwerenga dzina labukhu lachidziwitso kapena chopanda cholakwika chimaperekedwa.
werengani [ -ers ] [ -u fd ] [ -t timeout ] [ -a aname ] [ -p prompt ] [ -n nchars ] [ -d delim ] [ dzina ...]
Mzere umodzi ukuwerengedwa kuchokera kuzolowera, kapena kuchokera ku fayilo yofotokozera fd yomwe imaperekedwa monga kutsutsana kwa_njira , ndipo mawu oyambirira apatsidwa dzina loyambalo, liwu lachiwiri ku dzina lachiwiri, ndi zina zotero, zotsalira mawu ndi opatulira awo omwe amapita nawo kumalo otchulidwa ku dzina lomaliza. Ngati pali mawu owerengeka omwe amawerengedwa kuchokera mumtsinje wobwereza kusiyana ndi mayina, mayina otsalira apatsidwa zida zopanda kanthu. Anthu otchulidwa mu IFS amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatulira mzere kukhala mawu. Mkhalidwe wobwerera mmbuyo ( \ ) ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa tanthauzo lapadera lirilonse la munthu amene akuwerengedwa ndikuwerengera. Zosankha, ngati zatumizidwa, zikhale ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-Aname
Mawuwa aperekedwa ku zizindikiro zosiyana siyana za adame variable variable , kuyambira pa 0. aname sizimayikidwa patsogolo pa mfundo iliyonse yatsopano. Zina zina zotsutsana zimanyalanyazidwa.
-d delim
Chikhalidwe choyamba cha delim chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mzere wolembera, m'malo mzere watsopano.
-a
Ngati zolembedwerazo zikuchokera kuchokera ku chitsimikizo, ndondomeko yowonjezera (onani READLINE pamwambapa) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mzere.
-nabwino
werengani zobwereza mutatha kuwerenga zilembo m'malo moyembekezera mzere wathunthu.
-p mwamsanga
Onetsani mofulumira pa zolakwika zofanana, popanda ndondomeko yatsopano, musanayese kuwerengera chilichonse. Kufulumira kumawonetsedwa kokha ngati zolembedwera zimachokera ku chimatha.
-r
Kubwezeretsanso sikukhala ngati munthu wothawa. Kubwerera mmbuyo kumatengedwa kukhala mbali ya mzere. Makamaka, pulogalamu yatsopano yotsitsimutsa sungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kupitiliza mzere.
-s
Ndondomeko yamtendere. Ngati zolembera zimachokera kwa ogwidwa, zilembo sizikugwirizana.
-kutuluka nthawi
Chifukwa chawerengedwe nthawi ndi kubwerera kulephera ngati mzere wathunthu wa zolembedwera sukuwerengedwa pamasekondi a nthawi . Njira iyi sichikhala ndi zotsatira ngati kuwerenga sikukuwerengera zoperekedwa kuchokera ku terminal kapena chitoliro.
-u fdFP
Werengani zowonjezera kuchokera ku fayilo yofotokozera fd .
Ngati palibe mayina omwe aperekedwa, mzere wowerengedwawo umaperekedwa ku REPLY yosinthika. Kumbali yobwereza ndi zero, kupatula ngati mapeto atha kukumana, kuwerengera nthawi kunja, kapena kufotokozera mafayilo osayenera kumaperekedwa monga kutsutsana kwa -u .
readonly [ -apf ] [ dzina ...]
Maina opatsidwa amalembedwa kale; malingaliro a maina awa sangasinthidwe ndi ntchito yotsatira. Ngati_ngatipatse mwayi, ntchito zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mayina ndizolembedwa. I_chigwirizano chimatsegula zosiyana kuti zigwirizane. Ngati palibe zifukwa zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa, kapena ngati -p chisankho chikuperekedwa, mndandanda wa mayina onse owerengedwa amawasindikizidwa. A -p kusankha amachititsa zotsatira kuti ziwonetsedwe m'mawonekedwe omwe angagwiritsiridwenso ntchito. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0 pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika, mayina amodzi sali ovomerezeka ndi dzina lokha, kapena -wapatsidwa dzina lomwe silogwira ntchito.
bwererani [ n ]
Zimayambitsa ntchito yotuluka ndi mtengo wobwereza womwe umatchulidwa ndi n . Ngati nsiyidwa, chiwerengero cha kubwerera ndi cha lamulo lomaliza lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi. Ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa ntchito, koma pakuphedwa kwa script . ( chitsimikizo ), amachititsa kuti chipolopolocho chileke kulemba script ndikubwezeretsanso n kapena chiwonetsero cha lamulo lomaliza lomwe lidatchulidwa muzolemba ngati kutuluka kwa script. Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa ntchito osati pa nthawi yolemba script . , kubwerera kwawo ndibodza.
ikani [ --abefhkmnptuvxBCHP ] [ -nkhani ]] [ arg ...]
Popanda zosankha, dzina ndi mtengo wa chigwirizano chilichonse chikuwonetsedwa mu maonekedwe omwe angagwiritsiridwenso ntchito. Zotsatira zake zimatsatiridwa malinga ndi malo omwe alipo. Pamene zosankha zanenedwa, zimakhazikitsa kapena kusokoneza zizindikiro za chigoba. Zotsalira zirizonse zitatha pambuyo pa zosankhidwazo zikutsatiridwa zimayesedwa ngati chiyamiko pazomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndipo zimaperekedwa, kuti, mpaka $ 1 , $ 2 , ... $ n . Zosankha, ngati zanenedwa, zikhale ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-a
Lembani mwapadera zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zasinthidwa kapena zopangidwa kuti zithetsedwe ku chilengedwe cha malamulo otsatira.
-b
Lembani udindo wa ntchito zowonongeka nthawi yomweyo, osati pasanapite nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ntchito yothandiza ikutha.
-a
Tulukani mwamsanga ngati lamulo lophweka (onani SHELL GRAMMAR pamwamba) kuchoka ndi malo osakhala a zero. Chipolopolocho sichichoka ngati lamulo lomwe likulephera liri gawo la mpaka mpaka kapena pamene pali chipika, gawo la mawu ngati , gawo la && or || mndandanda, kapena ngati mtengo wobwereza wa lamulo ukutsitsidwa kudzera ! . Msampha pa ERR , ngati waikidwa, umaperekedwa chipolopolocho chisanatuluke.
-f
Khutsani kukula kwina.
-h
Kumbukirani malo a malamulo pamene iwo akuyang'ana mmwamba kuti aphedwe. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi chosasintha.
-k
Zokambirana zonse mu mawonekedwe a zolembedwera zimayikidwa mu chilengedwe kwa lamulo, osati zokhazo zomwe zimatsogoleredwa ndi dzina.
-m
Onani njira. Kulamulira kwa Job kumapatsidwa mphamvu. Njirayi imakhala yosasinthika kwa zipolopolo zogwirizana zomwe zikuthandizira (onani JOB CONTROL pamwamba). Zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo zimagwira ntchito yosiyana ndi gulu ndipo mzere umene uli ndi udindo wawo wotuluka umasindikizidwa pomaliza.
-n
Werengani malamulo koma musawapatse. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'ana script yolemba zolakwika zolakwika. Izi zimanyalanyazidwa ndi zowonjezera zipolopolo.
-nkhani yotsatsa
Zosankha-dzina lingakhale limodzi mwa zotsatirazi:
allexport
Zomwe --a .
chidziwitso
Chimodzimodzi -B .
emacs
Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a mzere wolemba mzere. Izi zimathandizidwa mwachisawawa pamene chigamba chikugwirizana, pokhapokha chipolopolocho chitayambika ndi_kusasintha kosankhidwa.
errexit
Zomwezo--a.
amatha
Chimodzimodzi -h .
zakezo
Chimodzimodzi -H .
mbiri
Thandizani mbiri yakale, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa PAMODZI .Zomwe mwasankhazo zikutsatiridwa mwazigawo zosakanikirana.
kusamala
Zotsatira zake n'zakuti chipolopolo cha "` IGNOREEOF = 10 '' chinawonongedwa (onani Zowonjezera Shell pamwamba).
mawu ofunika
Mofanana ndi -k .
kufufuza
Zomwezo -m .
nsalu zakuda
Chimodzimodzi -C .
noexec
Zomwezo -n .
noglob
Momwemo -f . nolog
dziwani
Zomwezo -b .
dzina lomasulira
Zomwezo- n .
onecmd
Chimodzimodzi -t .
thupi
Zomwezo -P .
zovuta
Sinthani khalidwe la bash komwe ntchito yosasintha imasiyana ndi POSIX 1003.2 muyezo wofanana ndi ( posix mode ).
ali ndi mwayi
Mofananamo -p .
verbose
Zomwezo -v .
vi
Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe omasulira a mzere watsopano.
xtrace
Zomwezo --x .
Ngati -o amaperekedwa popanda dzina-mayina , ziyeso za zomwe mukusankha panopa zasindikizidwa. Ngati + o amaperekedwa popanda dzina-dzina , mayina a malamulo omwe angapangidwe kuti ayambe kusinthidwa pakali pano akuwonetsedwa pamtundu woyenera.
-p
Sinthani mawonekedwe apadera . Mu mafashoni awa, mafayilo a $ ENV ndi $ BASH_ENV samasinthidwa , ntchito za shell sizinatengedwe kuchokera ku chilengedwe, ndipo SHELLOPTS imasintha, ngati ikuwoneka pa chilengedwe, imanyalanyazidwa. Ngati chigoba chikuyambidwa ndi id ogwira ntchito (gulu) id osati ofanana ndi gulu logwiritsa ntchito (gulu) id, ndipo_popanda sichiperekedwa , zotsatirazi zimatengedwa ndipo id idali yogwiritsira ntchito idasankhidwa ku id yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito. Ngati -p njira ikuperekedwa pa kuyambika, id idali yogwiritsira ntchito sichikhazikitsanso. Kutsegula njirayi kumapangitsa ogwira ntchito ogwiritsira ntchito ndi magulu a gulu kuti azikhazikitsidwa kwa owona enieni ndi magulu a gulu.
-t
Tulukani mutatha kuwerenga ndikukwaniritsa lamulo limodzi.
-u
Pezani zosasintha zosintha monga cholakwika pamene mukupanga kukula kwa parameter. Ngati kuwonjezeka kuyesedwa ndi kusintha kosasinthika, chipolopolocho chimasintha uthenga wolakwika, ndipo, ngati sichiyanjana, achoka ndi malo osakhala a zero.
-v
Lembani mzere wolembapo mndandanda pamene akuwerengedwa.
-x
Pambuyo poonjezera lamulo losavuta , onetsetsani mtengo wofutukuka wa PS4 , wotsatira lamulo ndi ndondomeko zowonjezera.
-B
Chipolopolocho chimapanga kukula kwa brace (onani Kukulitsa kwa Brace pamwambapa). Izi zikutuluka mwachinsinsi.
-C
Ngati atayikidwa, bash sichilembapo mafayilo omwe alipo ndi opangira > , >,, ndi >> redirection. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezeka pamene mukupanga mafayilo owonetserako ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito wotsegula >> mmalo mwa > .
-H
Thandizani ! kalembedwe ka mbiri yakale. Njirayi imakhala yosasinthika pamene chipolopolo chikugwirizanitsa.
-P
Ngati atayikidwa, chipolopolo sichitsatira zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malamulo ngati cd omwe amasintha malonda omwe akugwira ntchito. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a zolemba m'malo. Mwachindunji, bash amatsatira mndandanda wodalirika wa malemba pamene akuchita malamulo omwe amasintha malonda omwe alipo.
-
Ngati palibe zifukwa zotsatila izi, ndiye kuti zosankhazo sizikusokoneza. Kupanda kutero, zochitika zapadera zimayikidwa ku arg s, ngakhale zina mwa izo zimayamba ndi - .
-
Onetsetsani mapeto a zosankha, chifukwa otsalira onse ar aperekedwe ku magawo ena. Zotsatira za -x ndi -v zatsekedwa . Ngati mulibe args, malo osasinthika amakhala osasinthika.
Zosankhazo zimachoka mwadzidzidzi pokhapokha zitatchulidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito + m'malo mo-kumachititsa kuti zosankhazi zizimitsidwe. Zomwe mungasankhe zingathenso kutchulidwa ngati zotsutsana ndi kukweza chipolopolocho. Zotsatira zamakono zotsatila zingapezeke mu $ - . Mkhalidwe wobwerera nthawi zonse umakhala woona pokhapokha ngati palibe cholakwika chomwe mungachite.
kusinthana [ n ]
Zosintha kuchokera ku n +1 ... zimatchulidwanso ku $ 1 .... Parameters yoimiridwa ndi nambala $ # mpaka $ # - n +1 sasiya. Nyenera kukhala nambala yosachepera kapena yofanana ndi $ # . Ngati n ndi 0, palibe magawo omwe amasinthidwa. Ngati n sichipatsidwa, akuganiza kuti ndi 1. Ngati n ndi yaikulu kuposa $ # , zosintha zapadera sizimasinthidwa. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi woposa zero ngati n ndiposa $ # kapena pansi pa zero; mwinamwake 0.
chophweka [ -pqsu ] [ -o ] [ optname ...]
Sinthani zikhalidwe za mitundu yomwe ikutsogolera khalidwe lopangira chipolopolo. Popanda zosankha, kapena ndi -p njira, mndandanda wa zonse zomwe mungasankhe ziwonetsedwa, ndi chisonyezo chokha kapena ayi. The -p cholinga chimayambitsa zowonjezera kuti ziwonetsedwe mu mawonekedwe omwe angagwiritsiridwenso ntchito. Zosankha zina zili ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa:
-s
Thandizani ( yongani ) aliyense optname .
-u
Khutsani (osasintha) aliyense optname .
-q
Amathetsa zotsatira zowonongeka (modelo yamtendere); ndondomeko yobwerera imasonyeza ngati optname yakhazikitsidwa kapena yosasankhidwa. Ngati mayankho ochuluka a optname aperekedwa ndi -q , malo obwerera ndi zero ngati mayina onse apatsidwa ; osati zero ayi.
-o
Amapereka zoyenera za optname kuti zikhale zotsatila -zopangidwe pazomwe zinakhazikitsidwa .
Ngati -ka- kapena -gwiritsiridwa ntchito popanda zifukwa za optname , chiwonetserocho chimangokhala pa zosankha zomwe zimayikidwa kapena zosasintha, motsatira. Pokhapokha ngati tawonanso, zosankha zosavuta zalepheretsedwa (osasintha) mwachinsinsi.
Mkhalidwe wobwerera pamene mndandanda wazomwe ndizomwe ngati mayina onse apatsidwa , osakhala zero. Mukasankha kapena kusasintha zochita, kubwerera kwanu ndizomwe pokhapokha ngati optname siyiyi yolondola.
Mndandanda wa zosankha zosavuta ndi:
cdable_vars
Ngati atayikidwa, kutsutsana kwa lamulo la cd builtin lomwe silolemba likugwiridwa kuti ndilo dzina la variable limene mtengo wake ndiwotheka.
cdspell
Ngati atayikidwa, zolakwitsa zazing'ono mupepala la chilembo mu lamulo la cd zidzakonzedwa. Zowonongeka zolakwika ndi zilembo zosinthidwa, khalidwe losowa, ndi khalidwe limodzi lochuluka. Ngati kukonzekera kukupezedwa, dzina la fayilo lokonzedwa limasindikizidwa, ndipo lamulo likupitirira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipolopolo zosagwirizana.
cheza
Ngati atayikidwa, basha amacheza kuti lamulo lopezeka mu tebulo la hayi lilipo musanayese kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Ngati kutaya lamulo kulibekanso, njira yowonongeka yopitilira ikuchitika.
chitsimikizo
Ngati iikidwa, bash amasanthula kukula kwawindo pakatha lamulo lililonse ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, amasintha mazenera a LINES ndi COLUMNS .
cmdhist
Ngati atayikidwa, bash amayesa kusunga mizere yonse ya lamulo la mzere wambiri m'makalata omwewo. Izi zimathandiza kuti zisinthidwe mosavuta malamulo amtundu wambiri.
dotglob
Ngati atha, bash ikuphatikizapo mafayilo oyambira kuyambira `. ' mu zotsatira za kukula namegama.
execfail
Ngati iikidwa, chigoba chosagwirizanitsa sichidzatuluka ngati sichitha kuchita fayilo yomwe imatchulidwa ngati mtsutso ku lamulo lomangidwa. Chigoba chophatikizana sichichokanso ngati chikulephera.
Expand_aliases
Ngati atayikidwa, zowonjezera zowonjezereka zikufotokozedwa pamwambapa pansi pa ALIASES . Njira iyi imathandizidwa ndi chosasinthika kwa zipolopolo zosagwirizana.
phula
Ngati atayikidwa, zowonjezereka zowonjezera zida zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa pansi pazowonjezera dzina ndizo zatha.
histappend
Ngati zilipo, mndandanda wa mbiri yakale umatumizidwa ku fayilo yotchulidwa ndi mtengo wa kusintha kwa HISTFILE pamene chipolopolo chikuchoka, m'malo molembapo fayilo.
mbiri
Ngati atayikidwa, ndi yowerengera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, wogwiritsa ntchito amapatsidwa mpata wokonzanso kusinthika kwa mbiri yakale.
mbirizani
Ngati zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizomwe zikuwerengedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatira za kusinthidwa kwa mbiriyakale sizitha kupitsidwira kwa khungu la chipolopolo. M'malo mwake, mndandanda womwewo umatulutsira m'ndandanda wa mapulogalamu, ndikulolanso kusintha.
zosakwanira
Ngati atayikidwa, ndi yowerengera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, bash adzayesa kukwaniritsa dzina la eni ake pamene mawu omwe ali ndi @ akukwaniritsidwa (onani Kumaliza pansi pa READLINE pamwambapa). Izi zimathandizidwa ndi chosasintha.
huponexit
Ngati iikidwa, bash idzatumiza SIGHUP kuntchito zonse pamene chilolezo cholowetsamo chikuchoka.
zokambirana_zinthu
Ngati mwasankha, lolani mawu ayambe ndi # kuti awonetsetse kuti mawuwo ndi otsalira onse pa mzerewo asasamalidwe mu chipolopolo chophatikizana (onani COMMENTS pamwambapa). Njira iyi imathandizidwa ndi chosasintha.
wokhulupirira
Ngati mwasankha , ndipo chisankho cha masitini chimawathandiza , malamulo amtundu wambiri amasungidwa ku mbiri yakale ndi mauthenga atsopano omwe amalowetsedwa m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito opatukana a semicolon ngati n'kotheka.
login_shell
Chigoba chimapanga njirayi ngati itayambika ngati galasi lolowera (onani INVOCATION pamwambapa). Mtengo ukhoza kusinthidwa.
tumizani makalata
Ngati atayikidwa, ndi fayilo yomwe imawoneka kuti ikuyang'ana makalata yapezeka kuyambira nthawi yomaliza itayang'anitsidwa, uthenga `` Imelo mu mailfile yawerengedwa '' ikuwonetsedwa.
palibe_kutsutsa_cmd_kusokoneza
Ngati ikonzedwa , ndi yowerengera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, bashisi sangayese kufufuza PATH kuti ikhale yomaliza kumapeto pamene kuyesedwa kuyesedwa pamzere wopanda kanthu.
chisangalalo
Ngati atayikidwa, bash amafanana ndi mafayilo poyesa kupititsa patsogolo (onani Kuwonjezeka kwa Dzina la Chithunzi pamwambapa).
Pulogalamu yamakono
Ngati iikidwa, basha limalola njira zomwe sizigwirizana ndi mafayilo (onani Kuwonjezeka kwa Dzina la Chithunzi pamwambapa) kuti ufike ku chingwe chopanda kanthu, m'malo mokha.
kupita patsogolo
Ngati atayikidwa, malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe angakonzedwe (onani Programmable Completion above) athandizidwa. Njira iyi imathandizidwa ndi chosasintha.
promptvars
Ngati atayikidwa, zingwe zofulumizitsa zimakhala zikuwonjezeka ndi kusintha kwapadera pambuyo pokhala