Fayilo yamakiti, monga momwe mwadzidziwira, imapereka ndondomeko ya zochitika za Linux , ntchito ndi mautumiki.
Maofesiwa amasungidwa m'malemba omveka kuti awerenge mosavuta. Bukhuli limapereka mwachidule momwe mungapezere mafayilo a log, akuwunikira zolemba zingapo ndikufotokozera momwe mungawerenge.
Kodi Mungapeze Kuti Zolemba Zina za Linux?
Mawindo a logux a Linux amasungidwa mu foda / var / logs.
Foda ili ndi nambala yambiri ya ma fayilo ndipo mukhoza kupeza chidziwitso pa ntchito iliyonse.
Mwachitsanzo pamene lamulo la ls likuyendetsedwa muzitsanzo / var / logs folda apa pali zochepa zolemba zomwe zilipo.
- kern.log
- auth.log
- bootstrap.log
- zina.log
- samba
- makapu
- lightdm
Otsatira atatu m'ndandandazo ndi mafoda koma ali ndi zolembera mkati mwa mafoda.
Pamene mafayilo a log amapezeka m'mafayilo omveka mukhoza kuwawerenga polemba lamulo lotsatira:
nano
Lamulo ili pamwambalo limatsegula fayilo ya logi mu mkonzi wotchedwa nano . Ngati fayilo ya logi ili yaying'ono kwambiri, ndizotheka kutsegula fayilo ya logi mkati ndi mkonzi koma ngati fayilo ya logi ndi yaikulu ndiye kuti mukufunabe kuwerenga mchira mapeto a chipikacho.
Lamulo la mchira limakulolani kuti muwerenge mizere ingapo yapamwamba mu fayilo motere:
mchira
Mungathe kufotokozera mizere ingati yomwe mungasonyezere ndi -nisinthe motere:
mchira -n
Inde, ngati mukufuna kuona chiyambi cha fayilo mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la mutu .
Zolembera Zamakono
Mafayilo am'ndandandawa ndi awa omwe angayang'anire mkati mwa Linux.
- Chilolezo Chovomerezeka
- Daemon Lowani
- Chilolezo Chotsegula
- Chizindikiro cha Kernel
- Chilolezo Chadongosolo
Mayendedwe a lolowezera (auth.log) amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ovomerezeka omwe amachititsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito athe kupeza.
Chizindikiro cha daemon (daemon.log) chimayang'ana mautumiki omwe amayenda kumbuyo omwe amachita ntchito zofunika.
Ma Daemons samakhala ndi zithunzi zojambula.
Chipika chotsitsimutsa chimapereka chitsimikizo chotsutsana ndi ntchito.
Chipika cha kernel chimapereka zambiri zokhudza kernel ya Linux.
Cholembera chadongosolo chili ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lanu ndipo ngati ntchito yanu ilibe zolembera zake zikhoza kukhala mu fayiloyi.
Kusanthula Zamkati Mwa Fayilo Lolemba
Chithunzichi pamwamba chikuwonetsa zomwe zili m'ndondomeko 50 zotsiriza mkati mwa fayilo yanga yolemba (syslog).
Mzere uliwonse m'ndandanda uli ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Tsiku
- Dzina la alendo
- Ntchito / Utumiki
- Uthenga
Mwachitsanzo, mzere umodzi mu fayilo yanga syslog ndi yotsatira:
Jan 20 12:28:56 gary-virtualbox systemd [1]: kuyamba makapu scheduler
Izi zikukuuzani kuti makapu kukonzekera utumiki ayambitsidwa pa 12.28 pa 20 January.
Mapulogalamu Ozungulira
Mafayilo a Logos amasinthasintha nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asakhale aakulu kwambiri.
Chipikacho chimasinthidwa ndizomwe zimayambitsa zojambula zojambula. Mukhoza kudziwa pamene logi yasinthidwa chifukwa idzatsatidwa ndi nambala monga auth.log.1, auth.log.2.
N'zotheka kusintha mafupipafupi a zowonongeka kazitsulo mwa kusintha fayilo / etc / logrotate.conf
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa zitsanzo kuchokera pa fayilo yanga ya logrotate.conf:
mawotchi a #rotate
mlungu uliwonse
#sungani majambulo angapo am'thumba a masabata angapo
kusinthasintha 4
Pangani mafayilo atsopano atsopano mutasintha
Pangani
Monga momwe mukuonera, maofesi a logoswa amasinthasintha mlungu uliwonse, ndipo pali ma ologi am'thumba amabata anayi nthawi iliyonse.
Pamene fayilo yamakiti imasintha yatsopano imakhala pamalo ake.
Pulogalamu iliyonse ikhoza kukhala ndi ndondomeko yake yoyendayenda. Izi mwachiwonekere ndi zothandiza chifukwa fayilo ya syslog idzakula mofulumira kuposa fayilo lolembera.
Machitidwe oyendayenda amasungidwa mu /etc/logrotate.d. Pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe imafuna ndondomeko yake yoyendayenda idzakhala ndi fayilo yosinthidwa mu foda iyi.
Mwachitsanzo, chida choyenera chili ndi fayilo pa fayilo ya logrotate.d motere:
/var/log/apt/history.log {
kusinthasintha 12
mwezi uliwonse
compress
kusowa
osayamika
}}
Kwenikweni, lolemba ili likukuuzani zotsatirazi. Chipikacho chidzasungira ma ologi am'thumba a milungu 12 ndikuzungulira mwezi uliwonse (1 pa mwezi). Fayilo yamakiti idzaumirizidwa. Ngati palibe mauthenga omwe amalembedwa ku logi (ie mulibe kanthu) ndiye izi ndizovomerezeka. Chipika sichidzasintha ngati chiribe.
Kusintha ndondomeko ya fayilo kusinthira fayilo ndi zofunikira zomwe mukufuna ndikuyitanitsa lamulo ili:
logrotate -f