Aliyense amalankhula za mabotolo akuluakulu monga ofunika kuntaneti, koma anthu ochepa amangotenga nthawi kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zonse zomwe router ikhoza kuchita. Otola a kunyumba amapereka zinthu zambiri zothandiza kupatula kugawidwa kwachiyanjano. Ojambula akhala akuwonjezera mabelu ambiri ndi mluzu zaka zaposachedwapa.
Kodi makonde anu apanyumba akugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira ndi router? Gawo ili m'munsili likuyenda mumagulu ndi ntchito zawo zambiri. Mukamagula magalimoto atsopano, onetsetsani kuti chitsanzo chimene mumasankha chikuthandizira zomwe mukufuna, chifukwa onse samapereka zomwezo.
Single kapena Dual Band Wi-Fi
Maulendo apamtunda a Wi-Fi anali ndi radiyo imodzi yomwe imafalitsidwa pa bandima ya 2.4 GHz . Makina 802.11n omwe anali ndi luso lamakanema lotchedwa MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out) anasintha izo. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina awiri (kapena kuposa) ailesi mkati, opita kunyumba amatha kulankhulana kudzera pagulu lafupipafupi kuposa kale kapena kudzera m'magulu angapo osiyana.
Zomwe zimatchedwa awiri-band-Wi-Fi maulendo amathandizira ma radiyo ambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma 2.4 GHz ndi magulu a 5 GHz. Mawotchiwa amalola kuti mabanja akhazikitse mafano awiri opanda waya opanda pakompyuta ndikupeza phindu la mitundu iwiriyo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana kwa GHz kungapereke ntchito yapamwamba kuposa ma connections a 2.4 GHz, pamene 2.4 GHz zambiri zimapereka maulendo abwino komanso kuphatikiza ndi zipangizo zakale.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, wonani: Dual-Band Wireless Networking Explained
Chikhalidwe kapena Gigabit Ethernet
Ambiri oyambirira a pa nyumba yoyamba ndi aŵiri sankagwirizana ndi Wi-Fi. Mawotchiwa omwe amatchedwa "wired broadband" amapereka machweti okhaokha a Ethernet , okonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi PC, makina osindikiza komanso mwina masewera a masewera. Kuti agwiritse ntchito pulogalamu yamakono, eni eni nyumba amayang'ana kukonza nyumba zawo ndi chingwe cha Ethernet .run ku zipinda zosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale masiku ano, kutchuka kwa Wi-Fi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi (zambiri zomwe sizigwirizana ndi mauthenga aliwonse a wired), opanga amapitiriza kuphatikiza Ethernet kunyumba zawo zapamwamba. Ma modems ambiri otchuka othamanga amagwirizana ndi otumiza kudzera pa Ethernet, ndipo masewera olimba nthawi zambiri amawakonda pa Wi-Fi kwa machitidwe awo osewera.
Mpaka pano posachedwa, onse opita nawo amagwiritsa ntchito ma 100 Mbps omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa "10/100" kapena "Fast Ethernet" monga makolo awo oyambirira. Mafano atsopano ndi apamwamba amapindulitsa izo ku Gigabit Ethernet , zabwino zowonetsera kanema ndi ntchito zina zambiri.
IPv4 ndi IPv6
Mabomba onse apanyumba amawathandiza Internet Protocol (IP) . Maulendo atsopano amathandizira maulendo awiri a IP - omvera atsopano IP IP 6 (IPv6) ndi achikulire koma apitirizabe 4 (IPv4). Mabotolo akale omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mabandeketi amtunduwu amathandiza IPv4 yekha. Ngakhale kukhala ndi routi ya IPv6 yodalirika sikofunikira, makompyuta a kunyumba akhoza kupindula ndi chitetezo ndi kusintha kwa ntchito zomwe zimapereka.
Webusaiti Yothandizira Pakompyuta (NAT)
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zotetezera makampani oyendetsa nyumba, makina a Network Address Translation (NAT) amapanga ndondomeko yolumikiza nyumba yamakono ndi kugwirizana kwake pa intaneti. NAT imatsata maadiresi a zipangizo zonse zogwirizana ndi router ndi mauthenga omwe amapanga kudziko lakunja kuti router ikhoze kutsogolera mayankho ku chipangizo cholondola mtsogolo. Anthu ena amatcha chipangizochi kuti "NAT firewall" chifukwa amalephera kutsegula magalimoto oipa ngati mawotchi ena .
Kuyanjanitsa ndi Kugawa Zothandizira
Kugawana malumikizidwe a pa intaneti pamtunda wa nyumba kudzera pa router ndi wosagwiritsa ntchito (onani - Momwe Mungagwirire Kakompyuta ku intaneti ). Kuphatikiza pa kupeza kwa intaneti, mitundu yambiri yazinthu zingathe kugawidwa, naponso.
Osindikizira amakono amathandizira Wi-Fi ndipo amatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi makompyuta a kunyumba komwe makompyuta ndi mafoni angathe kutumiza ntchito kwa iwo. Zambiri - Momwe Mungagwirizanitse Printer .
Mawotchi ena atsopano amatha ma phukusi a USB okonzedwa kuti atsegule zowonongeka zakunja. Zosungirakozi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipangizo zina pa intaneti pofuna kukopera mafayilo. Ma drivewa angathenso kuchotsedwa ku router ndi kutumizidwa kumalo ena ngati munthu akusowa kupeza deta pamene akuyenda, mwachitsanzo. Ngakhale popanda zida zosungirako USB, router imapangitsa mafayilo a pa Intaneti kugwirana pakati pa zipangizo m'njira zina. Ma fayilo angathe kusamutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mauthenga ogwiritsira ntchito makina kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina osungirako. Zowonjezerapo - Kuyamba kwa Fayilo Kugawana pa Computer Networks .
Mndandanda wa Misonkhano
Ena atsopano opanda maulendo (osati onse) amalimbikitsa mauthenga a alendo , omwe amakulolani kukhazikitsa gawo lapadera la makanema anu a nyumba pokhapokha mukachezera abwenzi ndi mabanja. Makalata a alendo amalepheretsa kupeza malo otetezera kunyumba kuti alendo asayese kuzungulira zofunikira zonse zapakhomo pa nyumba popanda chilolezo chanu. Makamaka, intaneti ya alendo imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chosiyana chitetezo ndi mafungulo osiyanasiyana otetezeka a Wi-Fi kuposa zonse zotsegula pakhomo kuti zinsinsi zanu zapadera zingakhale zobisika.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, wonani: Kukhazikitsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mndandanda wa Mndandanda kunyumba .
Malamulo a Makolo ndi Zoletsedwa Zowonjezera
Opanga ma router nthawi zambiri amalengeza maulamuliro a makolo ngati malo ogulitsira katundu wawo. Zambiri za momwe maulamuliro awa amagwirira ntchito zonse zimadalira chitsanzo cha router. Zizindikiro zambiri za ma router makolo controls ndi monga:
- kuletsa malo enieni a pawebusaiti ndi dzina
- kulepheretsa nthawi ya usana (usiku) yomwe mwana angakhoze kulumikiza Webusaitiyo
- Kuletsa maola angapo tsiku limene mwana angakhale pa intaneti
Woyang'anira ma router amakonza zosintha za makolo kupyolera mndandanda wa console. Mipangidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha pa chipangizo kuti zipangizo za mwanayo zikhale zoletsedwa pamene zina sizikhala zoletsedwa. Othandizira amawonetsa kuti zipangizo zam'deralo zimadziwika ndi ma adelo awo ( MAC ) kuti mwana asathenso kutchula kachiwiri kompyuta yawo kuti asateteze makolo.
Chifukwa chofanana chomwechi chingakhale chothandiza kwa okwatirana ndi mamembala ena omwe ali pambali pa ana, kulamulira kwa makolo ndi bwino kutchedwa zoletsedwa .
VPN Server ndi Support Customer
Tekeni yamakono ya Private Private (VPN) imalimbikitsa chitetezo cha intaneti ndipo imakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndi kukula kwa makanema opanda waya. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito VPN kumalo ogwira ntchito, kapena pa mafoni apakompyuta akugwirizanitsa ndi ma WiPi , koma ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito VPN panyumba. Otsatira ena atsopano amapereka thandizo la VPN, koma ena samatero, ndipo ngakhale omwe amachita angakhale ochepa mu ntchito zomwe amapereka.
Otola kunyumba ndi VPN kawirikawiri amapereka thandizo la seva la VPN yekha. Izi zimathandiza mamembala a m'banja kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa VPN kupita kunyumba pamene ali kutali. Otsitsa ochepa a kunyumba amaperekanso chithandizo cha makasitomala a VPN, omwe amathandiza zipangizo mkati mwawo kuti zizigwirizana ndi VPN pamene zimalowa pa intaneti. Onse amene amaona kuti chitetezo cha wireless kunyumba chimakhala chofunika kwambiri, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti router yawo ikhonza kugwira ntchito ngati kasitomala a VPN.
Port Forwarding ndi UPnP
Choyimira koma chosamvetsetseka cha oyendetsa nyumba, kutumiza ma doko kumapatsa wotsogolera kuti athe kutsogolera magalimoto omwe akulowa mkati mwa makina a nyumba molingana ndi nambala za phukupi za TCP ndi UDP zomwe zili mkati mwa mauthenga. Zochitika zomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phokoso pamasewerowa ndi PC kucheza ndi Web hosting.
Pulogalamu ya Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) inakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yophweka momwe makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu amagwiritsira ntchito ma doko kuti aziyankhulana ndi makompyuta a kunyumba. UPnP imangotulutsa mauthenga ambiri omwe angafune kuti azikonzekera mauthenga opititsa patsogolo pawotchi. Amtunda onse apakhomo amathandizira UPnP ngati mbali yodzifunira; olamulira akhoza kuwateteza ngati akufuna kuti azikhala olamulira pazomwe angasankhe.
QoS
Oyendetsa maofesi apanyumba amapereka njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito Quality of Service (QoS) pa intaneti. QoS imalola wotsogolera kuti apereke mafoni osankhidwa ndi / kapena mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri kulumikizidwa kwa zopezeka pa intaneti.
Mabotolo ambiri otsegula mabanki amathandiza QoS monga mbali yomwe ingasinthidwe kapena kutsekedwa. Ma routers a kunyumba ndi QoS angapereke zosiyana zosiyana za Ethernet wotsutsana ndi ma WiFi opanda waya. Zida zoyenera kuziika patsogolo ndizodziwika ndi ma adresse awo a MAC . Zina zowonjezera za QoS:
- Mapepala pamtunda uliwonse wa TCP kapena UDP akhoza kuikidwa patsogolo kapena apansi kuposa ena. Olamulira amagwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe awa kuti apange masewera apakompyuta patsogolo.
- WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS imadziwika komanso imayambitsanso kusanganikirana kwa kanema ndi mauthenga a mawu pa ma Wi-Fi. Ambiri amayendera WMM ngati njira yosankhidwa; Zitsanzo zina zimapangitsa WMM kukhala yodalirika pokhapokha ena ayimilira mwachinsinsi.
Kukonzekera kwa Wi-Fi (WPS)
Lingaliro la kumbuyo kwa WPS ndi losavuta: Makompyuta a kunyumba (makamaka makonzedwe a chitetezo) angakhale olakwitsa kuti ayambe kukhazikitsa, kotero chirichonse chimene chimagwirizanitsa ndondomekoyi chimapulumutsa nthawi ndi kupweteka. WPS imapereka njira zowonjezera kutetezedwa kwa ma Wi-Fi pogwiritsira ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito phokoso kapena kudzera muzipangizo zapadera zaumwini (PIN), zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kusamutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Near Field Communication (NFC) . Makasitomala ena a Wi-Fi samathandiza WPS, komabe, komanso nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo ziliponso.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, wonani: Mau oyamba a WPS kwa Wi-Fi Networks
Firmware yokonzanso
Opanga ma router nthawi zambiri amakonza ziphuphu ndi kuwonjezera zowonjezera ku machitidwe awo a router. Mabomba onse amakono akuphatikizapo kachidindo ka firmware kuti alole eni ake kusintha ma router awo atagula. Olemba othandizira angapo, makamaka Linksys, amapita patsogolo ndikupereka thandizo kwa makasitomala awo kuti agwirizane ndi firmware yosungirako katundu ndi gawo lachitatu (nthawi zambiri lotseguka) monga DD-WRT .
Wogulitsa nyumbayo sangakhale osamala za izo, koma okonda ena amalingaliro amatha kulingalira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito firmware kukhala chinthu chofunikira posankha router kunyumba. Onaninso: Makampani a Wi-Fi Opanda Wopanda Opanda Mauthenga kwa Ma PC Computer Networks .