IPv6 / IPng Yofotokozedwa
IPv6 ndiyatsopano komanso yatsopano ya IP protocol. M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira zomwe IP ili, ndicheperekere, ndi momwe izi zathandizira kulengedwa kwa IPv6. Palinso kufotokoza mwachidule kwa IPv6.
IP Protocol
IP (Internet Protocol) ndi imodzi mwa mapulogalamu ofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo intaneti. Ndi udindo wozindikiritsa makina onse pa intaneti ndi adiresi yapadera (adilesi ya IP ) ndi kuyendetsa mapepala a deta kuchokera ku gwero lawo kupita ku makina awo omwe amapita kupyolera pakulankhula. Pulogalamu ya IP protocol yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi IPv4 (IP version 4).
Kulephera kwa IPv4
Mapangidwe a adilesi yatsopano ya IP (IPv4) ndi nambala zinayi zosiyana pakati pa 0 ndi 255, iliyonse yosiyana ndi dontho. Chitsanzo ndi 192.168.66.1; popeza chiwerengero chilichonse chikuyimiridwa mu binary ndi mawu 8-bit, Adilesi ya IPv4 imapangidwa ndi maina awiri (32). Nambala yochuluka yomwe mungapange ndi 32 bits ndi 4.3 biliyoni (2 anaukitsidwa ku mphamvu 32).
Makina onse pa intaneti ayenera kukhala ndi apadera a IP - palibe makina awiri akhoza kukhala ndi adiresi yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti intaneti ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito makina 4.3 biliyoni okha, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Koma m'masiku oyambirira a IP, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa masomphenya ndi malonda ena, ma adresse ambiri a IP adasokonezedwa. Iwo anagulitsidwa kwa makampani, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Iwo sangakhoze kudzinyidwa mmbuyo. Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina osati ntchito zapagulu, monga kafukufuku, ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zamakono. Zotsalira zotsalira zikuchepa ndipo, poona kuchuluka kwa makompyuta, ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zili pa intaneti, posachedwapa tiziyendetsa kuchoka ku ma intaneti!
Werengani zambiri: Internet Protocol , Ma IP , Ma Pakiti , IP Routing
Lowani IPv6
Izi zinachititsa kuti pakhale pulogalamu yatsopano ya IP yotchedwa IPv6 (IP version 6), yomwe imatchedwanso IPng (m'badwo watsopano wa IP). Mudzafunsa chomwe chinachitika pa tsamba 5. Chabwino, chinapangidwa, koma chinakhalabe mu zofufuza. IPv6 ndiyeso yomwe ili yokonzeka kuyendetsedwa pa intaneti yonse ndikuvomerezedwa ndi anthu onse (ndi cholengedwa chirichonse) pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi ma intaneti. IPv6 imabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu, makamaka pa chiwerengero cha makina omwe angakhoze kusungidwa pa intaneti.
IPv6 Yofotokozedwa
Adilesi ya IPv6 ili ndi ma 128, motero amalola makina a zakuthambo. Izi ndizofanana ndi mtengo wa 2 woperekedwa ku mphamvu ya 128, chiwerengero chokhala ndi zeros pafupifupi 40.
Mukuyenera tsopano kuganizira zovuta za maulendo aatali. Izi zikufotokozedwanso - Adilesi ya IPv6 ili ndi malamulo kuti iwapondereze. Choyamba, chiwerengerocho chikuyimiridwa mu haxadecimal m'malo mwa nambala zapamwamba. Nambala zapamwamba ndi nambala kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 9. Ziwerengero za hexadecimal zimachokera ku gulu la magawo 4, kupereka izi: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Adilesi ya IPv6 ili ndi malemba awa. Popeza kuti zigawozo zili m'gulu la 4, ndipo IPv6 imakhala ndi zilembo 32. Kutalika, heh? Chabwino, izi sizowopsya, makamaka popeza pali misonkhano ikuluikulu yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa kutalika kwa adiresi ya IPv6 mwa kulemberana maulendo obwerezabwereza, mwachitsanzo.
Chitsanzo cha adilesi ya IPv6 ndi fe80 :: 240: d0ff: fe48: 4672 . Mmodziyu ali ndi zilembo 19 zokha - pakhala pali kuponderezana, chinachake chomwe chimapyola muyeso wa nkhaniyi. Tawonani kuti wopatulidwa wasintha kuchokera pa dontho kupita ku colon.
IPv6 imangothetsa vuto la kuchepetsa maadiresi, koma imabweretsanso kusintha kwa protocol ya IP, monga kudziwonetsera pa maulendo ndi chitetezo chokwanira, pakati pa ena.
Kusintha kuchokera ku IPv4 mpaka IPv6
Tsiku limene IPv4 silidzakhalanso yotheka ikubwera, ndipo tsopano kuti IPv6 ili pafupi, vuto lalikulu ndikutembenuka kuchokera ku IPv4 mpaka IPv6. Tangoganizirani kuti mukukonzekera phula lamsewu mumsewu waukulu. Pali zokambirana zambiri, zofalitsa ndi ntchito zofufuzira zomwe zikuchitika ndipo tikuyembekeza kuti nthawi ikadzafika, kusintha kudzakhala bwino.
Kodi Ndani Amagwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti?
Ili ndi funso anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza, chifukwa zonse zimatengedwa mopepuka. Ndani amapanga ma protocol monga IPv6 ndipo zonsezi zimayang'aniridwa bwanji?
Bungwe lomwe limayendetsa chitukuko cha ma protocol komanso ma intaneti ena amatchedwa IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Lili ndi mamembala padziko lonse omwe amakumana pa zokambirana kangapo pachaka kuti akambirane zamakono, komwe amisiri kapena mauthenga atsopano amayamba. Ngati tsiku lina mumapanga teknoloji yatsopano, malowa ndi malo oti mupite.
Bungwe lomwe limayang'anira kufalitsa ndi kugawa maadiresi ndi mayina (monga maina a mayina) pa intaneti amatchedwa ICANN.