Kumene diso limakhala ndi chinsalu ...
Mukagula TV, Blu-ray Disc player, DVD player, kapena camcorder, wogulitsa nthawi zonse akuwoneka kuti akutsutsa yankho . Ndizolemba izi ndi ma pixelisi ndi zina zotero ... Patapita kanthawi, palibe zomwe zimawoneka ngati zomveka. Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Kodi Kusintha kwa Video Ndi Yanji?
Chithunzi cha kanema chimapangidwa ndi mizere yojambulira (kujambula kanema kanema / zipangizo zochezera ndi ma TV) kapena pixels (zipangizo zojambulajambula / zokusewera ndi LCD, Plasma, OLED TV ). Chiwerengero cha mizere yojambulidwa kapena pixelisi imatsimikiza zolembedwa kapena zosonyezedwa.
Mosiyana ndi kanema, momwe fano lonse likuwonetsedwa pazenera panthawi yomweyo, zithunzi za kanema zikuwonetsedwa mosiyana.
Mmene Zithunzi Zamakono Zimasonyezera
Chithunzi cha TV chimapangidwa ndi mizere kapena pixel akudutsa pawindo kuchokera pazenera pazenera ndikusunthira pansi. Mzerewu kapena mizere ingasonyezedwe m'njira ziwiri.
- Njira yoyamba yomwe mafano angasonyezedwe ndi kugawaniza mizere muzinthu ziwiri zomwe mizere yonse yosamvetseka imawonetsedwa poyamba ndipo kenako mizere yonse yowerengeka imasonyezedwa ndikuyendetsa kapena kusakanikirana .
- Njira yachiwiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mavidiyo a digito, ikuyesa kupitirira . M'malo mowonetsera mizere ina m'minda ina, njira yowunikira imapereka mizere kuti isonyeze sequentially. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mizere yonse yosamvetseka komanso yowerengeka imawonetsedwa motsatira ndondomeko.
Ma TV a CRT (ma TV omwe amagwiritsira ntchito ziboliboli) angapangidwe kuti asonyeze zithunzi zojambulidwa kapena zopangidwa patsogolo, koma ma TV omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu (LCD, Plasma, OLED) angangosonyeza zithunzi pang'onopang'ono - pamene akuyang'ana chithunzi chojambulidwa chomwe chili mkati, TV idzakonzanso mavidiyo omwe amatsatiridwa kuti athe kuwonetseratu pang'onopang'ono.
Video Yobwereza - Yoyambira
Pokhudzana ndi momwe tiyang'aniratu kukonza kanema, kanema ya analog ndiyomweyo. Ngakhale zambiri zomwe timaonera pa TV zimachokera ku magetsi, magwero ena a analog ndi ma TV akugwiritsabe ntchito.
Mu kanema wa analoji, yowonjezera chiwerengero cha mizere yojambulira, yowonjezera chithunzicho. Komabe, chiwerengero cha mizere yojambulira imayikidwa mkati mwa dongosolo. Tawonani momwe chisankho chimagwirira ntchito machitidwe a kanema a NTSC, PAL, ndi SECAM .
- NTSC yakhazikika pamasamba 525, 60 / mafelemu-awiri pamphindi, pa 60Hz njira yofalitsira ndi kusonyeza zithunzi za kanema. Imeneyi ndi njira yopangidwira yomwe felemu iliyonse imasankhidwa m'magulu awiri a mizere 262, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa kuti isonyeze chithunzi cha kanema ndi mizere 525 yokujambulira. Maiko ochokera ku NTSC akuphatikizapo US, Canada, Mexico, mbali zina za Central ndi South America, Japan, Taiwan, ndi Korea.
- PAL yomwe idali yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja kwa maiko a NTSC ochokera ku ma TV a analog ndi mavidiyo owonetsera, akuchokera pa mzere wa 625, 50 masamba / 25, yachiwiri, 50HZ. Chizindikirocho chimayendetsedwa, monga NTSC m'magawo awiri, okhala ndi mizere 312 iliyonse. Zithunzi zosiyanitsa za PAL ndi chithunzi chabwino kuposa NTSC chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mizere yojambulira, ndipo popeza mtunduwo unali mbali ya chiyambi kuyambira pachiyambi , kusiyana pakati pa magetsi ndi ma TV kuli bwino. Mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya PAL ndi UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, China, India, ambiri a Africa, ndi Middle East.
- SECAM ndi "chiwonongeko" cha mavidiyo a analog. Monga PAL, ili ndi 625 mzere, 50 masentimita 25 / masentimita pamphindi, koma gawo la mtundu likugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kusiyana ndi PAL kapena NTSC. Mayiko amene agwiritsira ntchito SECAM dongosolo ndi France, Russia, Eastern Europe, ndi mbali zina za Middle East.
Chiwerengero cha mizere yojambulira, kapena ndondomeko yowongoka , ya NTSC / PAL / SECAM, imakhala nthawi zonse kuti kujambula kanema kanema kanema ndi mawonetsero akugwirizana ndi miyezo yomwe ili pamwambapa. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mizere yowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa madontho omwe amapezeka mkati mwa mzere pa chinsalu kumathandiza kuti chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti chosakanikirana chomwe chingasinthe malinga ndi kutha kwa kanema / kujambula chipangizo kuti alembedwe madontho ndi luso ya kanema kanema kuti muwonetse madontho pazenera.
Pogwiritsira ntchito NTSC monga chitsanzo, pali mizere 525 yowunikira (zowonongeka), koma 485 mizere yojambulidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale ndi mfundo zofunikira mu fano (mzere wotsalirawo uli ndi mauthenga ena, monga kufotokozedwa kutsekedwa ndi zina zowonjezera luso ). Mafilimu ambiri a analogi omwe ali ndi mbali zingapo za AV angathe kupanga mazenera 450 osakanikirana, okhala ndi mapepala apamwamba omwe amatha kukhala ochuluka kwambiri.
Zotsatirazi ndi mndandanda wa mavidiyo a analog ndi mafotokozedwe ake ofotokozera. Zina zosiyana zatchulidwa ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse.
- VHS / VHS-C - Mizere 220 mpaka 240
- BETA - mizere 250
- 8mm - mizere 250 mpaka 280
- SuperBETA - mizere 270 mpaka 280
- Mawotchi a TV Analog - Mizere 330
- TV ya Analog Cable - mzere 330
- Standard Digital Cable - Mpaka mizere 480 (aks 480i) kudzera pa analog video output. Maxilosi 720x480 (480i kapena 480p) kudzera pa HDMI (digito) kanema yotuluka.
- S-VHS / S-VHSC - mizere 400
- DVD-R / -RW / + R / + RW - Mizere 250 mpaka 400+ (Zimatengera zojambula zojambula ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito).
- Laserdisc - mizere 400 mpaka 425
- Hi8 - 380 mpaka 440 mizere
- Mizere 8 - mizere 400 mpaka 500
- miniDV - mizere 400 mpaka 520
- microMV - mizere 500
- ED BETA - mizere 500
- Ma DVD a zamalonda - mizere 480 (aka 480i) kudzera pavidiyo ya analog. Maxilosi 720x480 (480i kapena 480p) kudzera pa HDMI (digito) kanema yotuluka.
Monga momwe mukuonera, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa chisankho chomwe mavidiyo omwe amasiyana nawo. VHS ili kumapeto kwenikweni, pamene MiniDV ndi DVD (pogwiritsa ntchito kanema ya kanema ya analog) zimayimira zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mafilimu a analog omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Komabe, chinthu china chimene chiyenera kuganiziridwa ndi momwe chiganizochi chaperekedwa kwa Digital ndi HDVV.
Monga momwe kanema wa kanema aliri ndizowunikira ndizowonongeka pavidiyo. Komabe, chiwonetsero chonse cha fano chikuwonetsedwa mu DTV ndi HDTV chimatchulidwa mwa chiwerengero cha ma pixeleri pawindo kusiyana ndi mizere. Pixel iliyonse imapangidwa ndi ofiira, ofiira, ndi a buluu subpixel.
Ndondomeko Zomwe Zimasinthidwa pa TV
Mu ma TV omwe alipo panopa, pali makonzedwe okwana 18 omwe amasankhidwa ndi FCC kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu US TV broadcast system (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzitsulo zambiri zamtaneti / satana). Mwamwayi, kwa wogula, pali zitatu zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ma TV, koma onse ogwiritsa ntchito HDTV amagwirizana ndi mafomu onse 18.
Zithunzi zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu digito ndi HDTV ndi:
- 480p - Kuyimiridwa ndi pixelisi 720 ikuyenda pazenera ndipo ma pixelisi 480 akuyenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mzere uliwonse wa ma pixel amawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Chiwerengero cha mapikseli omwe amawonetsedwa pawindo ndi 345,600.
- 720p - Kuyimiridwa ndi pixelisi 1280 ikuyenda pazenera ndipo 720 pixelisi ikuyenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mzere uliwonse wa ma pixel amawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Chiwerengero cha mapikseli omwe akuwonetsedwa pawindo ndi 921,600.
- 1080i - Kuyimiridwa ndi pixelisi 1,920 ikuyenda pawindo ndi ma pixel 1,080 akuyenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mzere uliwonse wa ma pixel amawonetsedwa mofanana (mizere yonse yosadziwika, yotsatiridwa ndi mizere yonse yowerengeka). Chiwerengero cha mapikseli omwe amawonetsedwa pawindo ndi 2,073,600 (theka la pixels yomwe imawonetsedwa panthawi).
1080p
Ngakhale sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito pawuniveshoni ya pa TV (mpaka pano), mafilimu a Blu-ray , kusakanikirana , ndi zina zamtumiki / ma satana amatha kupereka zomwe zili mu 1080p ndondomeko
1080p imayimira mapikseli 1,920 akuthamanga pawindo, ndipo ma pixeleri 1,080 akuthamanga kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, Mzere uliwonse wamapirisi wosakanizidwa ndiwonekera pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapepala onse 2,073,600 amawonetsedwa muchitacho chimodzi. Izi zikufanana ndi momwe 720p imawonetsedwera koma ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pixel kudutsa ndi pansi pa chinsalu, ndipo ngakhale kuti chigwirizano chili chimodzimodzi ndi 1080i, sizithu zonse zomwe zikuwonetsedwa panthawi yomweyo .
HDTV vs EDTV
Ngakhale mutakhala ndi chithunzi cha chisankho chanu mu HDTV yanu, TV yanu ikhoza kusabwereza zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, chizindikirocho chimatulutsidwa (scaled) kuti chikhale ndi chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa ma pixeleri pawonekedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chomwe chili ndi maphikidwe a 1920x1080 chikhoza kufanana ndi 1366x768, 1280x720, 1024x768, 852x480, kapena gawo lina la pixel lomwe likupezeka pa TV. Kuwonongeka kwatsatanetsatane kumene akukumana ndi wowona kudzadalira pa zinthu monga kukula kwazithunzi ndi kuyang'ana mtunda kuchokera pazenera.
Pamene mukugula TV, sikofunika kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukhoza kuyika mavidiyo 480p, 720p, 1080i, kapena mavidiyo ena omwe mungathe kukhala nawo, koma muyenera kuganiziranso gawo la pulogalamu ya TV (komanso ngati upconversion / downconversion amagwiritsidwa ntchito).
Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane, TV yomwe iyenera kugonjetsa chizindikiro cha HDTV (monga 720p, 1080i, kapena 1080p) ku munda wa pixel wa 852x480 (480p) Mwachitsanzo, amatchedwa EDTVs osati HDTVs. EDTV imaimira TV Yowonjezereka.
Zosankha Zokonzera Zojambula Zowona za HD HD
Ngati TV ili ndi chiwonetsero cha 720p, iyeneranso kukhala HDTV. Makanema ambiri a LCD ndi a Plasma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi chiwonetsero chowonetsera cha 1080p (Full HD) . Kotero, pamene mukuyang'ana chizindikiro chokhala ndi 480i / p, 720p, kapena 1080i, TV ikuyesa chizindikiro mpaka 1080p kuti iwonetsedwe pawindo.
Kuwongolera ndi DVD
Ngakhale DVD yovomerezeka siyiyi yokhayokha, ambiri a DVD amatha kutulutsa kanema kanema mu 720p, 1080i, kapena 1080p pogwiritsa ntchito upscaling . Izi zimalola kanema ya DVD player kuti iwonetsedwe kuti ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu za HDTV, ndi tsatanetsatane yowonongeka. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti zotsatira za upscaling sizofanana ndi chikhalidwe cha 720p, 1080i, kapena 1080p, ndi chiwerengero cha masamu.
Kukula kwavidiyo kumagwira ntchito bwino pamakonzedwe a pixel, monga LCD kapena Plasma seti, kukwera kwazithunzi kungapangitse zithunzi zoopsa pa CRT ndi CRT-Based Projection sets.
Pambuyo pa 1080p
Mpaka 2012 mavidiyo a 1080p anali otchuka kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma TV, ndipo adakali ndi khalidwe labwino kwa ambiri owonerera TV. Komabe, ndi kufunika kokhala ndi mawonekedwe a mawindo aakulu, 4K Resolution (3480 x 2160 pixels kapena 2160p) adatulutsidwa kuti apereke zithunzi zowonongeka kwambiri, makamaka kuphatikizapo matekinoloje ena, monga kuwonjezera kwa HDR ndi WCG (wide color gamut ). Komanso, monga momwe upscaling imagwiritsira ntchito kuonjezera tsatanetsatane wowona zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa HDTVs, 4K Ultra HD TV imatha magwero amtundu wamwamba kuti iwoneke bwino pazenera.
Zamakono 4K zimapezeka tsopano kuchokera ku Disc HD Ultra Blu-ray ndi kusankha zosakanikirana misonkhano, monga Netflix , Vudu , ndi Amazon.
Inde, monga mamiliyoni ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito ma TV 4K Ultra HD, 8K Resolution (7840 x 4320 pixels - 4320p) ali panjira.
Kutsimikizika ndi Kukula kwa Zithunzi
Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kuganizira ndi chakuti ndi ma TV omwe ali ndi digito ndi HD omwe ali ndi mapepala apamwamba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, makanema 32-inch 1080p ali ndi mapepala a chiwerengero chomwecho pawindo ngati TV 55-inch 1080p TV. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mapikisilosi 1,920 omwe amayenderera pazenera, pamzere, ndi ma pixel 1,080 akukwera komanso pansi pazenera, pamtundu uliwonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma pixels pa TV 1080p 55-inch TV adzakhala wamkulu kuposa pixels pa TV-inch 3280p TV kuti adzaze zowonekera pamwamba. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti ngati kukula kwazithunzi kumasintha, chiwerengero cha pixel pa inchi chimasintha.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Ngati mutasokonezeka kwambiri pazomwe mukukambirana pavidiyo, simuli nokha. Kumbukirani, kuthetsa kanema kunganenedwe kaya mu mizere kapena pixelisi ndipo nambala ya mizere kapena pixelisi imapanga chisankho cha gwero kapena TV. Komabe, musatengeke kwambiri mu nambala zonse zosankhidwa pa kanema. Yang'anirani izi motere, VHS amawoneka bwino pa TV ya masentimita 13, koma "amawoneka" pawindo lalikulu.
Kuwonjezera apo, kuthetsa si chinthu chokha chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala ndi chithunzi chabwino cha TV. Zowonjezerapo, monga mtundu wolondola ndi momwe timadziwira mtundu , chiwerengero chosiyanitsa, kuwala, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, kaya chithunzi chikuyendetsedwe kapena chikupita patsogolo, ndipo ngakhale chipinda chipinda zonse zimapangitsa kuti muwonetse chithunzi cha chithunzi chomwe mumachiwona.
Mukhoza kukhala ndi chithunzi chokwanira kwambiri, koma ngati zinthu zina zotchulidwazi sizikuyendetsedwa bwinobwino, muli ndi TV yodalirika. Ngakhale ndi matekinoloje, monga upscaling, TV zabwino kwambiri sizingapangitse chitsimikizo chowoneka chowonekera chikuwoneka bwino. Ndipotu, ma TV ndi mavidiyo a analog (omwe ali otsika kwambiri) nthawi zina amawoneka ovuta kwambiri pa HDTV kuposa momwe amachitira pazomwe zili bwino, zofanana.