CRT, Plasma, LCD, DLP, ndi OLED TV Technologies
Kugula TV kungasokoneze kwambiri masiku ano, makamaka pamene mukuyesera kupanga mtundu wa TV yomwe mukufuna kapena yofunikira. Alibe CRT (chithunzithunzi cha zithunzi) ndi magulu oyang'ana kumbuyo omwe amayang'anira zipinda zodyera m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Tsopano popeza tili m'zaka za m'ma 2100, TV yomwe yakhala ikudikirira kwa nthawi yaitali tsopano ikufala.
Komabe, mafunso ambiri amakhalabe momwe makanema atsopano a TV akugwirira ntchito kupanga zithunzi. Zowonongekazi ziyenera kuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa matekinoloje a TV apitali ndi amasiku ano.
CRT Technology
Ngakhale kuti simungapeze TV zatsopano za CRT m'masisitoma osungirako, zambiri zamagulu akale akugwiritsabe ntchito m'nyumba za ogulitsa. Apa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
CRT imayimira cathode ray tube, yomwe imakhala yotupa lalikulu-ndicho chifukwa chake TV za CRT ndi zazikulu komanso zolemetsa. Kuti muwonetse zithunzi, CRT TV imagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa electron womwe umayang'ana mizere ya phosphors pamaso pa chubu pamzere pamzere kuti awoneke chithunzi. Dothi la electron limachokera ku khosi la chithunzi cha chithunzi. Mtengowo umasunthika pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti umayendayenda pamsewu wa phosphors kumanzere kupita kumanja, kupita kumtsinje wofunikira. Izi zimachitika mofulumira kotero kuti wowonayo amatha kuona zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizithunzi zosunthira.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa mavidiyo, ma phosphor amatha kusinthana mosakanikirana, omwe amatchulidwa kuti asankhidwa, kapena kuti sequentially.
DLP Technology
Njira ina yamakono, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa TV, ndi DLP (digito light processing), yomwe inakhazikitsidwa, inapangidwa, ndipo imaperekedwa ndi Texas Instruments. Ngakhale kuti sakugulanso pa fomu ya TV kuyambira mchaka cha 2012, teknoloji ya DLP ili moyo komanso akuwonetsa mavidiyo . Komabe, ma TV ena a DLP akugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'nyumba.
Chifungulo cha DLP luso ndi DMD (chipangizo cha digital digirati-mirror), chipu chopangidwa ndi magalasi ang'onoang'ono osasinthika. Magalasi amatchedwanso ma pixel (zinthu zojambula zithunzi) . Mpikisano uliwonse pa chipangizo cha DMD ndi galasi lowonetsa kwambiri moti mamiliyoni a iwo akhoza kuikidwa pa chipangizo.
Chithunzi cha kanema chikuwonetsedwa pa chipangizo cha DMD. Mitundu ya micromirror pa chip (kumbukirani, micromirror iliyonse imayimira pixel imodzi) kenako imayenda mofulumira kwambiri ngati chithunzi chikusintha.
Ntchitoyi imapanga maziko ofunikira a chithunzicho. Mtunduwo umawonjezeredwa pamene kuwala kukudutsa pa gudumu la mtundu wautali kwambiri ndipo umasonyezedwa ndi micromirror pa chipangizo cha DLP pamene iwo amayendayenda mofulumira kapena kutali ndi gwero la kuwala. Mlingo wa kuyenda kwa micromirror iliyonse pamodzi ndi gudumu lamatundumitundu mofulumira limatanthauzira mtundu wa chithunzi cha chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa. Pamene imachokera ku micromirror, kuwala komweko kumatumizidwa kupyolera mu lens, galasi lalikulu limodzi, ndi pazenera.
Plasma Technology
Mafilimu a Plasma, TV yoyamba kukhala yofiira, yowonongeka, yowonjezera mawonekedwe, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka za 2000, koma kumapeto kwa 2014, opanga ma TV a plasma otsala (Panasonic, Samsung, ndi LG ) anasiya kupanga awo ogwiritsira ntchito. Komabe, zambiri zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito, ndipo mwina mukhoza kupeza imodzi yokonzedwanso, yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena yobwezeretsedwa.
Ma TV a Plasma amagwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera. Mofanana ndi CRT TV, TV ya plasma imapanga zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito phosphors. Komabe, phosphors siyatsala ndi ndondomeko ya electron. M'malo mwake, phosphors mu TV yamasamba akuyang'aniridwa ndi mpweya wamtengo wapatali, wofanana ndi kuwala kwa fulorosenti. Zithunzi zonse za phosphor (pixels) zikhoza kuyatsa panthawi imodzi, osati kuti ziwonedwe ndi mtanda wa electron, monga momwe zilili ndi CRTs. Komanso, popeza chosowa cha electroni chosinkhasinkha sichiri chofunikira, chosowa chojambula chithunzi chojambulidwa (CRT) chichotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza luso la TV la plasma, yang'anani kutsogolera mnzathu.
LCD Technology
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina, TV za LCD zimakhalanso ndi maonekedwe abwino a kabati monga TV ya plasma. Ndiwonso mtundu wamba wa TV womwe ulipo. Komabe, mmalo motsegula phosphors, ma pixel amangochotsedwa kapena payeso yotsitsimula.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, fano lonse likuwonetsedwa (kapena limatsitsimutsidwa) iliyonse ya 24, 30, 60, kapena 120 ya yachiwiri. Kwenikweni, ndi LCD mungathe kukonza zotsitsimula za 24, 25, 30, 50, 60, 72, 100, 120, 240, kapena 480 (mpaka pano). Komabe, mitengo yowonjezera yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri pa TV za LCD ndi 60 kapena 120. Kumbukirani kuti mlingo wa kutsitsimula si wofanana ndi mlingo wa chithunzi .
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ma pixel a LCD samapanga kuwala kwawo. Kuti LCD TV iwonetse chithunzi chowonekera, ma pixel a LCD ayenera "kubwezeretsedwa." Mawunikira, nthawi zambiri, amakhala osowa. Pogwiritsa ntchitoyi, ma pixel akutsegulidwa mwamsanga malinga ndi zofunikira za fanolo. Ngati ma pixelatu achoka, salola kuti magetsi awonongeke, ndipo akafika, mawonekedwe obwera mmbuyo amabwera.
Mawindo otsala a LCD TV akhoza kukhala CCFL kapena HCL (fulorosenti) kapena LED. Mawu akuti "TV TV" amatanthauza mawonekedwe a backlight omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma TV onse a LED ali makamaka TV za LCD .
Palinso matekinoloje ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi backlight, monga dimming padziko ndi dimming m'dera. Makina opanga mafilimu amenewa amagwiritsa ntchito ma CD omwe amachokera kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo.
Mdima wa padziko lonse ungasinthe mtundu wa masewerawa omwe amagonjetsa mapepala onse a mdima kapena zowala, pamene dera laderali likukonzekera kugunda magulu ena a pixels malingana ndi malo omwe fanolo liyenera kukhala lakuda kapena lowala kuposa fano lonselo.
Kuwonjezera pa kubwezeretsana ndi kuwonetsa, teknoloji ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makanema a LCD omwe amawoneka kuti apange mtundu: madontho ochuluka . Izi ndizo "zakula" nanoparticles zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Madontho ambiri amaikidwa pamphepete mwa LCD TV kapena pa chithunzi cha filimu pakati pa backlight ndi pixels LCD. Samsung imatchula ma TV omwe ali ndi ma dotolo monga ma TV a QLED: Q za madontho ochulukirapo, ndi Dzuwa lawunikira-LED koma palibe chimene chimadziwika kuti TV ngati LCD TV, yomwe ili.
Kuti mukhale ndi ma TV ena a LCD, kuphatikizapo kugula malingaliro, onaninso Mtsogoleli Wathu wa ma TV a LCD .
OLED Technology
OLED ndi makina atsopano a TV omwe alipo kwa ogula. Inagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi mapulogalamu ena a pulogalamu yaying'ono kwa kanthawi, koma kuchokera mu 2013 wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ku mapulogalamu akuluakulu ogula TV pa ogula.
OLED imayimira diode yowonetsera kuwala. Kuti likhale losavuta, chinsalucho chimapangidwa ndi pixel-size, zinthu zochokera kuthupi (ayi, siziri kwenikweni zamoyo). OLED ili ndi zina za ma LCD ndi ma TVs a plasma.
Zomwe OLED zimagwirizanirana ndi LCD ndi kuti OLED ikhoza kuikidwa mu zigawo zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pangidwe lojambula bwino la TV ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Komabe, monga LCD, ma TV OLED amamvera zolakwika za pixel zakufa.
Zomwe OLED zimagwirizanirana ndi plasma ndi kuti mapilosi ndi odzimitsa okha (palibe kuwala kwasana, kuunika kwapakati, kapena kudera kwapafupi komwe kumafunika), mdima wakuya kwambiri ukhoza kupangidwa (kwenikweni, OLED ikhoza kubweretsa mdima wakuda), OLED imapereka malingaliro ambiri osawonongeka, kuyerekezera bwino mwa njira yosavuta kuyankhidwa. Komabe, monga plasma, OLED imatha kutentha.
Komanso, zizindikiro kuti OLED zojambula zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa LCD kapena plasma, makamaka mu mbali ya buluu ya mtundu wa mtundu. Kuwonjezera apo, kupanga kwapangidwe ka pulogalamu ya OLED komweku kumafuna ndalama zazikuluzikulu zofunikira pa TV ndizopambana poyerekeza ndi magetsi ena onse omwe alipo pa TV.
Komabe, ndikukhala ndi zifukwa zonse ndi zolakwika, OLED imaonedwa ndi ambiri kuti asonyeze zithunzi zabwino kwambiri zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pompano pa TV. Komanso, chikhalidwe chimodzi chodziwika bwino cha telojeni ya TV yotchedwa OLED ndi chakuti mapepala ndi ofooka kwambiri moti angathe kusintha, zomwe zimapanga makanema osindikizira . (Mafilimu ena a LCD apangidwa ndi zojambula zowonongeka.)
Mafilimu OLED angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana za ma TV. Komabe, ndondomeko imene LG idapangidwira ndiyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mchitidwe wa LG umatchedwa WRGB. WRGB imaphatikiza oyera OLED odzimitsa ojambula omwe ali ndi zofiira zofiira, zobiriwira, ndi za buluu. Njira ya LG ikukonzekera kuchepetsa zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa mtundu wa buluu wosanakanika umene ukuwoneka kuti ukuchitika ndi mapulisikiti OLED odzipiritsa ndi buluu.
Mawonedwe Osasintha-Pixel
Ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa ma plasma, LCD, DLP, ndi ma TV OLED, onsewa amagwirizana chimodzi.
Plasma, LCD, DLP, ndi Ma TV OLED ali ndi mapepala angapo omaliza; Choncho, iwo ndi "ma pixel osasinthika". Zizindikiro zojambulira zomwe zili ndi ndondomeko zazikulu ziyenera kuwerengedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi chiwerengero cha pixel m'munda wa plasma, LCD, DLP, kapena OLED. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha 1080i cholengeza HDTV chimafuna kujambula kwa mapepala a 1920x1080 chifukwa cha zithunzi za HDTV imodzi kapena imodzi.
Komabe, popeza ma TV, LCD, DLP, ndi OLED makanema amatha kusonyeza zithunzi zowonjezereka, 1080i zizindikiro zowonjezera nthawizonse zimakhala deinterlaced mpaka 1080p kuti ziwonetsedwe pa TV 1080p, kapena deinterlaced ndipo zatsikira mpaka 768p, 720p, kapena 480p, malingana ndi ndondomeko ya pixel ya chikhalidwe cha TV. Mwachidziwitso, palibe chinthu monga LCD 1080i, plasma, DLP, kapena OLED TV.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Ponena za kuyika chithunzi choyendetsa pa TV, pali zambiri zamakono zamakono, ndipo matepi onse omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi amodzi ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta. Komabe, kafukufuku nthawi zonse wakhala akupanga teknolojiyo "yosayoneka" kwa wowonera. Ngakhale kuti mukufuna kudziwa zofunikira zamakono, pamodzi ndi zina zonse zomwe mumazifuna ndi zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe mu chipinda chanu , mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti zomwe mumawona pachiwonekera zikuwoneka zabwino kwa inu ndi zomwe mukufunikira kupanga zomwe zimachitika.