Chimene mukufuna kudziwa za maonekedwe a HDR
Chiwerengero cha TV cha kudzitukumula kwa 4K chikugwedezeka, ndipo chifukwa chabwino, ndani safuna chithunzi cha TV?
Ultra HD - Osangokhala 4K Kuthetsa
Kukonzekera kwa 4K ndi gawo limodzi chabe la zomwe tsopano zatchulidwa pano monga Ultra HD. Kuphatikiza pa chisankho chowonjezereka, kuti mavidiyo awoneke bwino - mtundu wabwino ndi chinthu china chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri, koma chinthu china chomwe chimapanga khalidwe la chithunzi ndikulitsa bwino komanso maulendo owonekera chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kuwala mgwirizano ndi kanema processing processing wotchedwa HDR.
Kodi HDR N'chiyani?
HDR imaimira High Dynamic Range .
Njira yomwe HDR imagwirira ntchito ndiyo njira yodziwira yosankhidwa kuti iwonetsedwe mavidiyo kapena mavidiyo.
Mukamalowa mumtsinje, kufalitsa, kapena pa diski, chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa ku TV yowonjezera HDR, chidziwitsocho chimasulidwa, ndipo mauthenga a High Dynamic Range amawonetsedwa, mothandizidwa ndi kuunika / kusiyanitsa TV. Ngati TV siilumikizidwa ndi HDR (yotchedwa SDR - Standard Dynamic Range TV), idzangosonyeza zithunzi popanda Chidziwitso cha Mphamvu zapamwamba.
Kuwonjezera pa kukonza kwa 4K ndi mtundu wa gamut, TV yowonjezera HDR (kuphatikizidwa ndi zolembedwera bwino), ikhoza kuwonetsa kuwala ndi zosiyanitsa zomwe zili pafupi ndi iwe zikhoza kuwona mu dziko lenileni. Izi zikutanthauza azungu oyera popanda kuphulika kapena kutentha, ndi zakuya zakuda popanda muddiness kapena kusweka.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi malo omwe ali ndi zinthu zowala kwambiri komanso zinthu zakuda zomwe zili mumtambo womwewo, monga dzuwa, mudzawona kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi magawo akuda a fano lonseli momveka bwino, pamodzi ndi magulu onse ofunika pakati.
Popeza pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zoyera ndi zakuda, zomwe siziwoneka bwino m'madera onse owala ndi amdima a firimu la TV omwe amawoneka mosavuta pa ma TV omwe ali ndi TV HD, omwe amapereka chithunzi chokhutiritsa kwambiri.
Momwe Kusinthika kwa HDR Kumakhudzira Ogulitsa
HDR ndithudi ndi njira yowonongeka yochezera kuyang'ana kwa TV, koma ogulira akukumana ndi machitidwe akuluakulu a HDR omwe amakhudza ma TV ndi zida zogwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo kugula. Zithunzi zinayi izi ndi:
- HDR10
- Chiwonetsero cha Dolby
- HLG (Logani Yophatikiza Gamma)
- Technicolor HDR
Pano pali mphindi yochepa ya mtundu uliwonse.
HDR10
HDR10 ndiyomweyi yaufulu yopanda mafumu yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu TV zonse zogwirizana ndi HDR, olandira masewera a pakhomo, ojambula a Ultra HD Blu-ray, ndi kusankha zosakaniza zamagetsi.
HDR10 imalingaliridwa ngati yowonjezera monga momwe magawo ake amagwiritsidwira ntchito mofananira pa chidutswa china chonse cha zinthu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuunika kwaufupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chidutswa chonsecho.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi, mfundo yowala kwambiri yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri m'mafilimu ndiyomwe yatsimikiziridwa, choncho pamene mafilimu a HDR amasewera kumbuyo mazenera ena onse, ziribe kanthu kuti kudula kapena chowoneka chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe kuwala kwa min ndi max ndi kotani kanema yonseyo.
Komabe, mu 2017, Samsung inasonyeza njira yowonekera kwa HDR, yomwe imatcha HDR10 + (kuti asasokonezedwe ndi HDR + yomwe idzafotokozedwa pambuyo pake m'nkhani ino). Monga momwe ndi HDR10, HDR10 + ilibe ufulu.
Kuyambira mu 2017, ngakhale zipangizo zonse za HDR zimagwiritsa ntchito HDR10, ndi Samsung, Panasonic, ndi 20th Century Fox amagwiritsa ntchito HDR10 ndi HDR10 + pokhapokha.
Chiwonetsero cha Dolby
Dolby Vision ndi mtundu wa HDR wopangidwa ndi kugulitsidwa ndi Dolby Labs , yomwe imagwirizanitsa zipangizo zonse ndi metadata pomagwiritsa ntchito. Chofunika chowonjezeka ndi chakuti opanga olemba, opereka, ndi opanga zipangizo akuyenera kulipira Dolby chiphaso cha ntchito.
Chiwonetsero cha Dolby chimaonedwa kukhala cholondola kuposa HDR10 chifukwa chakuti zigawo zake za HDR zikhoza kulembedwa zochitika ndi zojambula kapena zojambulazo, ndipo zikhoza kuseweredwa mmbuyo malinga ndi mphamvu za TV (zochuluka pa gawo ili kenako). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusewera kumachokera pazigawo zapamwamba zomwe zilipo pa malo olembedwera (monga chithunzi kapena zojambula) m'malo mopitirira malire a mulingo wonse wa filimuyo.
Kumbali inayi, njira yomwe Dolby adayendetsera Dolby Vision, ma TV omwe ali ndi malayisensi komanso okonzedwa ndi mafilimu omwe amathandizira mawonekedwewa amatha kudziwa ma dolby Vision ndi HDR10 (ngati mphamvuyi "itsegulidwa" yang'anani wojambula TV) koma TV yomwe imagwirizana ndi HDR10 sungathe kufotokoza chizindikiro cha Dolby Vision.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Dolby Vision TV imatha kukonzeratu HDR10, koma TV ya HDR10 yokhayo siingathe kuwonetsa Dolby Vision. Komabe, othandizira ambiri omwe amaphatikizapo Dolby Vision encoding m'zinthu zawo amakhalanso ndi HDR10 encoding komanso, makamaka kuti agwirizane ndi ma TV omwe ali ndi TV HD omwe sangagwirizane ndi Dolby Vision. Kumbali ina, ngati chitsimikizocho chikuphatikizapo Dolby Vision komanso TV ndi HDR10 yokhayokha, TV imangonyalanyaza Dodby Vision encoding ndikuwonetsera chithunzi ngati chithunzi cha SDR (Standard Dynamic Range). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pakakhala choncho, wowonayo sadzapeza phindu la HDR.
Makina a TV omwe amathandiza Dolby Vision amaphatikizapo kusankha mitundu yochokera ku LG, Philips, Sony, TCL, ndi Vizio. Mafilimu a Blu-ray a Blu-ray omwe amathandiza Dolby Vision amaphatikizapo kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku OPPO Digital, LG, Philips, ndi Cambridge Audio. Komabe, malingana ndi tsiku lopanga, kugwirizana kwa Dolby Vision kungafunikirenso kuwonjezedwa mutatha kugula kupyolera muzitsulo za firmware.
Pa mbali yotsatila, Dolby Vision imathandizidwa podutsa pa zosankhidwa zoperekedwa pa Netflix, Amazon, ndi Vudu, komanso mafilimu ochepa pa DVD HD Blu-ray.
Samsung ndi chithunzi chachikulu cha TV chomwe chinagulitsidwa ku US zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi Chiwonetsero cha Dolby. Ma TV a Samsung ndi a Ultra HD Blu-ray akuthandiza HDR10. Ngati malowa akusintha nkhaniyi idzasinthidwa molingana.
HLG (Logani Yophatikiza Gamma)
HLG (dzina lachino pambali) ndi fomu ya HDR yomwe yapangidwa kuti ipange chingwe, satana ndi ma TV. Linayambitsidwa ndi NHK ya Japan ndi BBC Broadcasting Systems koma ilibe ufulu.
Chindunji chachikulu cha HLG kwa opanga ma TV ndi eni eni ndi kuti zimabwerera kumbuyo. Mwachilankhulo china, popeza malo amtundu wamtunduwu akuyambira pa makanema a pa TV, pogwiritsa ntchito fomu ya HDR monga HDR10 kapena Dolby Vision silingalole kuti anthu omwe alibe TV za HDR (kuphatikizapo ma TV omwe si a HD) aziwona ma CDD, kapena mukufuna njira yosiyana yofalitsira HDR zomwe zilibe ndalama.
Komabe, HLG encoding ndizowonjezereka zowonjezera zowonjezereka zomwe zili ndi chidziwitso chowala kwambiri popanda kufunikira metadata yeniyeni, yomwe ingayidwe pamwamba pa chizindikiro cha TV lero. Zotsatira zake, zithunzizi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa pa TV iliyonse. Ngati mulibe HDR TV yovomerezeka ndi HLG, simungathe kuzindikira kuwonjezera kwa HDR wosanjikiza, kotero simungapeze phindu la kuwonjezeredwa kwina, koma mudzakhala ndi chithunzi cha SDR.
Komabe, kuperewera kwa njira iyi ya HDR n'chakuti ngakhale zimapereka njira kuti ma TV ndi TV HDR azigwirizana ndi zizindikiro zofanana zofalitsa, sizimapereka zotsatira zenizeni za HDR ngati akuwona zomwezo ndi HDR10 kapena Dolby Vision encoding .
Kugwirizana kwa HLG kukuphatikizidwa pa makanema ambiri a 4K Ultra HD HDR (kupatula Samsung) ndi olandila kunyumba kumayambiriro kuyambira chaka cha 2017. Komabe, palibe zilembo za HLG zomwe zakhala zikupezeka - nkhaniyi idzasinthidwa malinga ndi m'mene izi zikusinthira.
Technicolor HDR
Pa machitidwe akuluakulu a HDR, Technicolor HDR ndi yosazindikiritsa ndipo ikuwona ntchito zochepa ku Ulaya. Popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane, Technicolor HDR ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli, monga momwe ingagwiritsidwire ntchito zonsezi (zosakanikirana ndi diski) ndi ma TV omwe akugwiritsa ntchito ma TV. Ikhozanso kutanthauzidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo zowonongeka.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mofananamo monga HLG, Technicolor HDR imatsatiranso ndi ma TV omwe ali ndi HDR ndi SDR. Zoonadi, mupeza zotsatira zabwino zowonera pa HDR TV, koma ngakhale TV za SDR zingapindule ndi khalidwe lowonjezeka, losiyana ndi mtundu wawo, kusiyana, ndi kuwala kwake.
Mfundo yakuti Technicolor HDR yowonetsera imatha kuwonetsedwa mu SDR imapangitsa kukhala okonzeka kwambiri kwa opanga zinthu zonse, opereka zinthu, ndi owonera TV. Technicolor HDR ndiyomweyi yotseguka yomwe imakhala yaufulu kwa opereka zilizonse ndi opanga TV kuti ayigwiritse ntchito.
Mapu amodzi
Imodzi mwa mavuto pakugwiritsira ntchito maofesi osiyanasiyana a HDR pa TV ndizoti sikuti onse a TV ali ndi zofanana zomwe zimawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, TV yothetsera TV ya HDR yotsiriza kwambiri ikhoza kutulutsa makina 1,000 a kuwala (monga ena otsiriza otchedwa LED / LCD TV), pamene ena akhoza kukhala ndi 600 kapena 700 nits light output output (OLED komanso ma TV pakati pa LED / LCD TV), pamene zina zotsika mtengo zowonongeka za LED / LCD TV zingangotulutsa zokwana 500.
Chifukwa chake, njira, yotchedwa Mapu Mapping imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsera kusiyana kwake. Chimachitika ndi chakuti metadata yowikidwa mu kanema kapena pulogalamu inayake imapitsidwanso ku ma TV. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu wa TV umasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti apange kuwala kwachinsinsi komanso mfundo zonse zowala bwino, mogwirizana ndi tsatanetsatane ndi mzere womwe ulipo mumasitata oyambirira mogwirizana ndi ma TV. Chotsatira chake, kuwala kwapamwamba komwe kumadodometsedwa mu metadata sikunatsukidwe pamene kukuwonetsedwa pa TV ndi mphamvu yochepa yopindulitsa.
SDR-to-HDR Upscaling
Popeza kupezeka kwa ma CDD-encoded zilibe zambiri, Makampani ambiri a TV akuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zomwe anthu ogula ndalama amagwiritsa ntchito pa TV yowonjezera HDR sizikuwonongeka kuphatikizapo kutembenuka kwa SDR-to-HDR. Samsung imatcha dongosolo lawo monga HDR + (kuti lisasokonezedwe ndi HDR10 + takambirana kale), ndipo Technicolor imatchula dongosolo lawo ngati Intelligent Tone Management.
Komabe, monga momwe kutanthauzira upscaling ndi 2D-to-3D kutembenuzidwa, HDR + ndi SD-to-HDR kutembenuzidwa sikupereka zotsatira zolondola monga nativeR content. Ndipotu zina zowonjezera zimawoneka ngati zosambitsidwa kapena zosiyana ndi zochitika, koma zimapereka njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za TVs zowonjezera HDR. HDR + ndi SDR-to-HDR kutembenuzidwa akhoza kutsekedwa kapena kutsekedwa ngati mukufuna. SDR-to-HDR upscaling imatchedwanso Mapangidwe Othandizira Amodzi.
Kuwonjezera pa SD-to-HDR upscaling, LG imaphatikizapo dongosolo lomwe limatanthawuza kukhala yogwira ntchito HDR kusindikiza mu chisankho cha TVV yake yowonjezera TVs yomwe ikuwonjezera panja powonekera powonekera kuwunika kwa onse HDR10 ndi HLG okhutira, zomwe zimakhala bwino kulondola kwa mawonekedwe awiriwa.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Kuwonjezerapo kwa HDR kumapangitsa kuti TV ikuwonetsetse bwino komanso zosiyana siyana zimayankhidwa ndipo zomwe zimakhala zikupezeka m'mabuku, kusindikiza, ndi kusindikizira, ogula amavomereza monga momwe alili patsogolo ( kupatulapo kwa 3D ).
Ngakhale HDR ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi 4K Ultra HD wokhutira, teknoloji imakhala yosasunthika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwamtheradi, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zizindikiro zina zamasewero, kaya ndi 480p, 720p, 1080i, kapena 1080p. Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti kukhala ndi 4K Ultra HD TV sikukutanthauza kuti ndi HDR-yovomerezeka - Wopanga TV ayenera kupanga chisankho chotsimikizirika kuchiyika.
Komabe, kutsimikiziridwa ndi olemba ndi opereka omwe ali oyenera akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya HDR mkati mwazenera 4K Ultra HD. Kupezeka kwa ma TV a 4K ultra HD, DVD, ndi osewera a Blu-ray disc osewera, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa ma TV 4K Ultra HD komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha Ultra HD Blu-ray Players pomwepo, pamodzi ndi kukhazikitsa kumeneku ya ATSC 3.0 ma TV , nthawi ndi ndalama za teknoloji ya HDR ndizoyenera kukulitsa mtengo wa 4K Ultra HD wokhutira, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi ma TV.
Ngakhale kuti pakali pano ikutsitsimutsa nthawi zikuoneka kuti pali chisokonezo chambiri, musachite mantha. Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi chakuti ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtundu uliwonse (Dolby Vision imaonedwa kuti ili ndi malire pang'ono mpaka pano), mawonekedwe onse a HDR amapereka kusintha kwakukulu muzochitika zowonera TV.