Mitundu Yopenya Mu Dziko Leniweni ndi pa TV Yanu
Kubweranso mu 2015, kufufuza kosavuta ponena za mtundu wa kavalidwe kameneka kunayambika kufalikira kwa momwe timaonera mtundu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, kutha kuzindikira mtundu ndi zovuta, osati kwenikweni.
Zimene Timaonadi
Maso athu sakuwona chinthu chenichenicho, zomwe mukuwona ndizomwe kuwala kukuwonetsera zinthu. Mtundu umene maso anu amauwona ndi zotsatira za kuwala kwawunikira komwe kumawonetseredwa kapena kupangidwa ndi chinthucho. Komabe, sizingatheke kuti mtundu umene mukuwona uli wolondola.
Zinthu Zokhudza Kujambula Kwambiri
Maganizo a mtundu weniweni wa padziko lapansi amakhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo:
- Zida Zamkatimu: Kuwala kwa dzuwa chinthu chimasonyeza kapena kumatenga mwachibadwa chifukwa cha thupi lake.
- Nthawi ya Tsiku: Chinthucho chikuwonekera m'mawa, masana, kapena usiku.
- Malo: Chinthuchi chikuwonekera ku kuwala kwa kunja (dzuwa kapena mitambo) kapena kuwala kolowera mkati (ndi mtundu wa kuwala kwa mkati).
- Maonekedwe a Mitundu: Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya momwe maso awiri a munthu amadziwira mtundu wa wavelengths.
- Makhungu Opunduka: Kusiyana kwapadera kwa momwe anthu ena amaonera mawonekedwe a wavelengths.
Kuwonjezera pa malingaliro a mtundu weniweni wa dziko, mu chithunzi, kusindikizira, ndi kanema pali zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira:
- Chida Chogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pojambula Chithunzi: Mphamvu ya kamera kuti azindikire mawonekedwe a wavelengths kuphatikizapo nthawi ya tsiku ndi malo.
- Chiwonetsero Chogwiritsa Ntchito Pogwiritsa Ntchito Kubwezeretsa Zithunzi: TV, Video Projector, Print imabweretsa zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Kuwonetseratu kapena Kusindikiza Kujambula: Ngati mukuwonera chithunzicho mu kusindikiza kapena chipangizo chowonetsera kanema, mlingo umene umagwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chojambula mtundu umakhudza zomwe mukuwona.
Ngakhale pali kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu pazithunzi, kusindikiza, ndi mavidiyo, tiyeni tilowe nawo pavidiyo.
Kutenga Mtundu
- Choyamba, muyenera "kulanda" chithunzicho. Kamera ya kanema imayenera kuwona kuwala kukuwonetsera zinthu ndikubwera kupyolera mu lens. Kuwala kolowera kumakhala ndi mitundu yonse yomwe ikuwonetsera chinthu chomwe chilipo. Kuwala kumeneku kumalowa m'ng'anjo ndipo kumagunda chip (m'masiku akale, pamaso pa chips, kuwala kunayenera kudutsa mu chubu chodziwika bwino chopangidwa).
- Pomwe kuwala kumafika pa chip, pali njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chip, komanso zothandizira zowonongeka, zomwe zimatembenuza kuwala kukhala magetsi a magetsi, kapena ma digito (1's, 0's). Chizindikiro ichi chotembenuzidwa chimatumizidwa ku chipangizo cholandirira (pakalipano ndi TV kapena kanema kanema) chomwe chidzasintha magetsi omwe akubwera (analog) kapena kachidindo kamodzinso ku fano yomwe imawonetsedwa kapena ikuwonetsedwa pawindo. Komabe, apa ndi pamene zimakhala zovuta. Pamene kamera imalandira kuwala komwe kwawonetsedwa chinthu pamtundu wina ndi nthawi ndipo chipangizo chowonetsera chiyenera kuwonetsa mtundu wa zotsatira zomwe zagwidwa molondola.
Popeza palibe chida chojambula kapena chiwonetsero chomwe chingabweretse mitundu yonse yomwe imaonekera kuchokera ku zinthu zenizeni za dziko lapansi, zonsezi ziyenera "kuganiza" zogwirizana ndi miyambo yapamwamba yomwe imapangidwa ndi anthu, yomwe ili ndi maziko ake, chitsanzo. M'kugwiritsa ntchito mavidiyo, mitundu itatu ya mtunduwu imayimiridwa ndi Red, Green, ndi Blue. Mitundu itatu ya mitundu ikuluikulu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsanso zojambulazo ndi mitundu yonse ya mithunzi yomwe timawona m'chilengedwe.
Kuwonetsa Makonda kudzera pa Pulogalamu ya TV kapena Video
Popeza palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizira momwe anthu amaonera mtundu wa chirengedwe, ndipo pali zoperewera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wolondola pogwiritsa ntchito kamera. Kodi izi zimagwirizanitsidwa motani panyumba powonera TV kapena kanema wa kanema?
Yankho lake ndilowiri, mtundu wa telojiya yomwe imapangitsa TV / kanema kujambula kusonyeza zithunzi ndi mtundu, ndikukonzekera bwino momwe angasonyezere mtundu wake molondola monga momwe mungathere muyeso yoyenera.
Nazi mwachidule mwachidule ma tekinoloje owonetsera mavidiyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera B & W ndi zithunzi zojambula.
Zamakono Zamagetsi
- CRT - Mbendera ya electron yomwe imachokera pamutu wa chithunzi cha kanema imagwiritsa ntchito mizere ya phosphors pamzere pamzere popanga fano. Pamene mtengo umagunda phosphor iliyonse, phosphor imasangalala ndipo imapanga fano. Mtundu umapangidwa ndi phosphors wofiira, wobiriwira, ndi wa buluu wokondwa mumagulu oyenera kuti apange mtundu winawake.
- Plasma - Phosphors imayikidwa ndi mpweya wamtengo wapatali (wofanana ndi kuwala kwa Fluorescent). Kuphatikizana kofiira, kobiriwira, ndi buluu phosphors (otchedwa pixel ndi pixelisi) kumapanga mtundu wosankhidwa.
- OLED - OLED tekinoloje ikhoza kuyendetsedwa m'njira ziwiri za ma TV. Njira imodzi ndi WRGB, yomwe imaphatikizapo OLED yoyera kutulutsa zotsatira zofiira ndi zofiira, zofiira, ndi zofiira, pamene njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mapepalasi a Red, Green, ndi Blue omwe amadzipangira okha.
Makina Opatsirana Opatsirana
- LCD - LCD pixels sizipanga kuwala kwawo. Kuti LCD TV iwonetse chithunzi pa kanema wa pa TV, ma pixels ayenera "kubwezeretsedwa". Zomwe zimachitika mu ndondomekoyi ndikuti kuwala komwe kumayenda kupyolera ma pixel kumatenthedwa kapena kuwalitsa, malingana ndi zofunikira za fanolo. Ngati ma pixel akudetsedwa mokwanira, kuwala pang'ono kumadutsa, kutsegula chinsalu kukhala chakuda. Mtundu umawonjezeredwa pamene kuwala kukuyenda kudutsa chipangizo cha LCD ndiyeno kupyolera muzitsulo zofiira, zobiriwira, ndi zamtundu.
- 3LCD - Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kanema, imagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi LCD TV, koma m'malo mwake, makapu amwazikana kupyolera muzithunzi zonse, kuwala koyera kumadutsa pa zipangizo zitatu za LCD ndi Prism ndikuwonetseratu pawindo.
Mgwirizano Wotumiza / Mphamvu - LCD ndi Quantum Dots
Pulogalamu ya ma TV ndi mavidiyo, Quantum Dot ndi nanocrystal yopangidwa ndi anthu yopangidwa ndi magetsi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kuwala ndi mtundu wa maonekedwe omwe akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi zamakono ndi mavidiyo pawindo la LCD.
Mafuta a quantum ndi nanoparticles omwe amatha kutulutsa mphamvu zamtundu wina zomwe zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu zamtundu wina ndi kutulutsa mtundu wina (monga phosphors pa Plasma TV), koma, pakadali pano, akakhala ndi photoni kuchokera kunja gwero (ngati liri ndi LCD TV ndi Blue LED backlight), chidutswa chilichonse choyimira chimatulutsa mtundu wa mawonekedwe enaake, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwake.
Mafuta a Quantum angaphatikizidwe mu LCD TV m'njira zitatu:
- Amakhala mkati mwa galasi yamatope (yomwe imatchedwa Edge Optic) mkati mwa makina a TV omwe amayambitsa magetsi pakati pa magetsi a buluu omwe amachokera kumalowedwe ndi Light Guide Plate (yomwe imapangitsa kuwala kumalo owonetsera) kwa LED / Ma TV a LCD .
- Pa "filimu yowonjezera mafilimu" yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa magetsi a Blue LED magetsi ndi chipangizo cha LCD ndi zojambula zamitundu (kwa Full Full or Direct-Lit LED / LCD TV).
- Pa chipu, komwe ma dothi a zowonjezera amadziphatika mwachindunji pa LED ya buluu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makonzedwe amodzi kapena oyikidwa bwino.
Pa njira iliyonse, kuwala kowala kwa Buluu kumagunda Dothi la Dothi, lomwe limakondwera kuti likhale lofiira ndi lobiriwira (lomwe limaphatikiziranso ndi Blue kuchokera ku kuwala kwa LED). Kenaka kuwala kumatuluka kudutsa ku LCD chips, zojambula zamitundu, ndi pawindo la zithunzi. Zowonjezerapo Zowonjezera Dot emissive layer zimalola LCD TV kuwonetsa mtundu wambiri wodzaza ndi wautali kuposa TV za LCD popanda kuwonjezera Quantum Dot wosanjikiza.
Makina Opanga Magetsi
- LCOS (yomwe imatchedwanso D-ILA ndi SXRD) LCOS ndi yosiyana ya 3LCD ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito muwonetsedwe kanema. M'malo motulutsa kuwala kudzera mwa zipangizo zitatu za LCD ndiyeno pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta zamitundu ndi lens, chipangizo cha LCD chili pamwamba pa malo osinkhasinkha, kotero pamene gwero lachikuda limadutsa mkati mwa chipangizochi limangowonekera mmbuyo ndi kutumizidwa kudzera mu lens ku chithunzi chowonetsera.
- DLP (3-Chip) - Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Video Projector - Chinsinsi cha DLP ndi DMD (Digital Micro-Mirror Device), momwe chipangizo chilichonse chimapangidwa ndi magalasi ochepa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pixel iliyonse pa chipangizo cha DMD ndi galasi lowonetsa. Chithunzi chavidiyo chikuwonetsedwa pa chipangizo cha DMD. Ma micromirror pa chip (micromirror iliyonse imayimira pixel imodzi) kenako imayenda mofulumira kwambiri ngati chithunzi chikusintha. Izi zimapanga maziko a chithunzichi.
- Mu chipangizo cha 3-Chip DLP kanema, magwero atatu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito (kapena kuwala koyera kumadutsa m'zipinda zitatu). Dzuwa lachikasu limaonekera kuchokera ku zida zitatu za DLP (zonsezi ndizozizira, koma aliyense akulandira kuwala kosiyana). Mlingo wa kuyenda kwa micromirror iliyonse poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa magetsi pa nthawi iliyonse imapanga mitundu mu fano. Kuwala kumeneku kumadutsa kupyola mulojekiti ya polojekiti.
Kusinkhasinkha / Kugonjetsa Kwasakaniza
- DLP (1-Chip) - Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Video Projector - Mu dongosolo ili, pali chitsime choyera choyera chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi chipangizo chimodzi cha DLP DMD Chip. Kenako, mtundu umawonjezeredwa ngati kuwala kukuwonekera kudzera mu gudumu la mtundu wautali, kupyolera mu lens, ndiyeno mpaka pawindo.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa DLP, yang'anani nkhani yathu: DLP Video Projector Basics.
Kuwonetsa Mitundu - Miyezo Yowonetsera
Choncho, panopa magetsi ndi makina opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a TV kapena mavidiyo akuwonetseratu, chotsatira ndicho kuzindikira momwe zipangizozi zingabweretsere mtundu molondola momwe angathere, ngakhale kuti pali zovuta.
Apa ndi momwe kugwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a mtundu mkati mwawonekera Color Space kukhala wofunikira.
Zina mwa miyezo yoyendera mtundu wa Ma TV ndi Video Projector amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano ndi awa:
- NTSC - Mtundu woyenera wa mtundu wa analog (US).
- Rec.601 - Kupititsa patsogolo pazitsulo zofunikira za NTSC.
- Rec.709 - Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi HDTVs ndi HD Video Projectors.
- Choyambira 2020 - Cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 4K Ultra HD TV ndi Video Projectors.
- sRGB - Kuti Mugwiritsire Ntchito Kwambiri pa Ma PC kuti muwonetse zithunzi.
Pogwiritsira ntchito mafayili (colorimeter) ndi mapulogalamu (kawirikawiri kudzera pa laputopu), munthu akhoza kuyimba TV kapena kanema pulojekiti yowonetsera mtundu wa imodzi mwa miyezo yapamwamba (malingana ndi mafotokozedwe a TV) mwa kusintha komwe kumapezeka muvidiyo mawonedwe owonetsera, kapena masewera opangira TV kapena kanema.
Zitsanzo za zipangizo zamakono zoyendera zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, popanda zofunikira za wothandizira, zimaphatikizapo ma discs, monga Digital Video Essentials, Disney WOW (World of Wonder) DVD ndi Blu-ray Test Discs, Spears ndi Munsil Gawo la HD , THX Calibrator Disc, ndi THX Home Theatre Tune-up App kuti iOS ndi Android mafoni / mapiritsi oyenerera.
Chitsanzo cha chida choyambirira chogwiritsira ntchito vidiyo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a Colorimeter ndi PC, ndi Datacolor Spyder Color Calibration System.
Chitsanzo cha chida chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito ndi Calman ndi SpectraCal.
Chifukwa chake zipangizo zapamwamba ndizofunikira, ndikuti monga momwe zinthu zowunikira mkati ndi kunja zimakhudzira luso lathu kuti tiwone mtundu mu dziko lenileni, zifukwa zomwezo zimagwirizananso ndi zomwe mtundu udzawoneka pa TV yanu kapena Chithunzi chowonetsera kanema, kuganizira momwe TV yanu kapena kanema wavideo angasinthe.
Kusintha kwazomwe sikumangowonjezerapo zinthu monga kuwala, zosiyana, maonekedwe a mtundu, ndi kulamulira, komanso kusintha kwina kofunikira, monga Color Temperature, White Balance , ndi Gamma.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Zojambulajambula mu dziko lenileni ndi ma TV akuwonetsa zochitika zimaphatikizapo zovuta, komanso zinthu zina zakunja. Kuzindikira masewera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kusiyana ndi sayansi yeniyeni. Diso la munthu ndi chida chopambana chomwe tili nacho, ndipo ngakhale, mu kujambula, kanema, ndi kanema, mtundu weniweni ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa ku mtundu wina wa mtundu, mtundu womwe umauwona mu chithunzi chojambulidwa, TV, kapena kanema kakanema, ngakhale iwo amakumana ndi 100% ya ndondomeko yeniyeni ya mtundu, sungakhoze kuwoneka chimodzimodzi momwe angayang'anire pansi pa zochitika zenizeni za mdziko.