Miyezo ya Mavidiyo Si Yomwe Ili Ponseponse
Popeza malo anga akufika padziko lonse lapansi, ndimapeza mafunso ambiri ponena za mavidiyo osiyana omwe amalepheretsa kuwonera kanema kanema ku US, mwachitsanzo, pa VCR ku Eastern Europe. Kapena, panopa, munthu wochokera ku UK akuyenda ku US, kujambula kanema pa camcorder yawo, koma sangathe kuwona zojambula zawo pa TV ya US kapena kuzilemba pa US VCR. Izi zimakhudzanso ma DVD omwe adagulidwa m'mayiko ena, ngakhale kuti ma DVD ali ndi chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa Coding Region, chomwe ndi "may-of-worms" ena onse. Izi zikuphatikiza pa mavidiyo omwe akukambidwa pano, ndipo akufotokozedwanso m'ndime yanga yowonjezera "Zigawo Zakale: DVD Zachibisika Zonyansa" .
Nchifukwa chiyani izi? Kodi pali njira yothetsera vutoli ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi mavidiyo osiyana?
Ngakhale kutumizira ma wailesi, mwachitsanzo, amasangalala ndi miyezo yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse kudziko lapansi, televizioni siilimbikitso.
Panopa TV ya analog, dziko lapansi lagawidwa kukhala miyezo itatu yosagwirizana: NTSC, PAL, ndi SECAM.
Chifukwa chiyani miyezo itatu kapena machitidwe? Kwenikweni, televizioni "idapangidwa" nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi (US, UK, ndi France). Ndale zinkatanthawuza kwambiri nthawi yomwe dongosolo lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mchitidwe wa dziko m'mayikowa. Komanso, mukuyenera kukumbukira kuti panalibe kulingalira komwe kunaperekedwa panthaĊµi yomwe Ma TV Broadcast Systems anakhazikitsidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa zaka za "Global" zomwe tikukhala lero, kumene mauthenga angasinthidwe mosavuta ngati momwe akukambirana ndi mnzako.
Mwachidule: NTSC, PAL, SECAM
NTSC
NTSC ndi mkhalidwe wa US womwe unavomerezedwa mu 1941 monga ma TV oyambirira ndi mavidiyo omwe akugwiritsidwabe ntchito. NTSC ikuimira Komiti ya National Television Standards Committee ndipo inavomerezedwa ndi FCC (Federal Communications Commission) monga muyeso wa kulengeza pa televizioni ku US
NTSC yakhazikika pamasamba 525, 60 / mafelemu-awiri pamphindi pa 60Hz njira yofalitsira ndi kusonyeza zithunzi za kanema. Imeneyi ndi njira yopangidwira yomwe felemu iliyonse imasankhidwa m'magulu awiri a mizere 262, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa kuti isonyeze chithunzi cha kanema ndi mizere 525 yokujambulira.
Njirayi ikugwira ntchito bwino, koma kuvomereza kumodzi ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa ma TV ndi mawonetsero sizinali mbali ya equation pamene dongosolo lovomerezedwa poyamba. Panali vuto lalikulu la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Mtundu wa NTSC popanda kupanga mamiliyoni a ma TV / B TV kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1950. Pomalizira, kukhazikitsa mtundu wa mtundu wa NTSC kunayambika mu 1953. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu mu mawonekedwe a NTSC wakhala kufooka kwa dongosolo, motero mawu akuti NTSC adadziwika ndi akatswiri ambiri monga "Nthawi Zonse Zofanana Mtundu " . Zindikirani kuti khalidwe la mtundu ndi kusinthasintha zimasiyana pang'ono pakati pa magalimoto?
NTSC ndiyeso ya kanema ya analog ku US, Canada, Mexico, mbali zina za Central ndi South America, Japan, Taiwan, ndi Korea. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa mayiko ena.
PAL
PAL ndipamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse pa TV ndi mavidiyo (sorry US) ndipo ili ndi mzere wa 625, 50 / mafelemu yachiwiri, 50HZ. Chizindikirocho chimayendetsedwa, monga NTSC m'minda iwiri, yokhala ndi mizere 312 iliyonse. Zithunzi zingapo zosiyana ndizo: chithunzi chabwino kuposa NTSC chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mizere yowunikira. Zili ziwiri: popeza mtundu unali mbali ya chiyambi kuyambira pachiyambi, mtundu wofanana pakati pa magalimoto ndi ma TV ndi wabwino kwambiri. Pali mbali ya pansi pa PAL komabe, popeza pali mafelemu ochepa (25) omwe amawonetsedwa pamphindi, nthawi zina mumatha kuyang'ana pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, mofanana ndi phokoso lowonetsedwa pa filimuyo.
Dziwani: Brazil imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PAL, yomwe imatchedwa PAL-M. PAL-M imagwiritsa ntchito mizere 525/60 HZ. PAL-M imagwirizanitsa ndi B / W zokhazokha pazinthu zamakono za NTSC.
Kuchokera ku PAL komanso kusiyana kwake kuli ndi ulamuliro wadziko lonse, watchedwa " Peace At Last ", ndi omwe ali mu masewero a kanema. Mayiko okhala pa PAL akuphatikizapo UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, China, India, ambiri a Africa, ndi Middle East.
SECAM
SECAM ndi "chiwonongeko" cha mavidiyo a analog. Zinapangidwa ku France (Zikuwoneka kuti Achifalansa ndi osiyana ngakhale ndi nkhani zamakono), SECAM, ngakhale kuti ikuposa NTSC, sikuti ikuposa PAL (makamaka mayiko ambiri omwe atengera SECAM akhoza kutembenukira ku PAL kapena kukhala ndi mauthenga awiri mu PAL ndi SECAM).
Monga PAL, ili ndi mzere wa 625, 50 / masentimita 25 pamphindi, koma gawo la mtundu likugwiridwa mosiyana ndi PAL kapena NTSC. Ndipotu, SECAM imayimira (mu Chingerezi) Mtundu Wogwirizana ndi Memory. Mu ntchito ya vidiyo, idatchedwa " Chinanso Chosiyana ndi Njira Zachimereka ", chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa mtundu. Mayiko okhala ndi SECAM akuphatikizapo France, Russia, Eastern Europe, ndi mbali zina za Middle East.
Komabe, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chofotokozera za SECAM ndikuti ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera ma TV (komanso mawonekedwe a VHS ojambula a SECAM) - koma siwonekedwe la DVD. Ma DVD amadziwika bwino pa NTSC kapena PAL ndipo amalembedwa m'madera enaake, ponena za kusewera. M'mayiko amene amagwiritsa ntchito sewero la SECAM, ma DVD amadziwa bwino mavidiyo a PAL.
M'mawu ena, anthu omwe amakhala m'mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sewero la SECAM pawunivesite, amagwiritsanso ntchito fomu ya PAL pankhani yamavidiyo a DVD. Makanema onse a SECAM opanga makasitomala amatha kuwonetsa chizindikiro cha SECAM chojambulidwa kapena chizindikiro cha PAL chowonetseratu, kuchokera ku gwero, monga DVD player, VCR, DVR, etc.
Kuchotsa pazitsulo zonse zokhudzana ndi NTSC, PAL, ndi SECAM, kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe a TV kumangotanthauza kuti vidiyo ilipo sizingakhale zofanana ndi kanema komwe kuli (kulikonse kapena PALI kapena Pakhoza kukhala). Chifukwa chachikulu chimene dongosolo liri lonse sichigwirizana ndi chakuti iwo amachokera pazithunzi zosiyana siyana ndi chiwongolero, zomwe zimalepheretsa zinthu monga matepi a kanema ndi ma DVD omwe amalembedwa m'dongosolo limodzi kuti azisewera muzinthu zina.
Multi-System Solutions
Komabe, pali njira zothetsera makanema otsutsanawa omwe ali kale pamsika wogula. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya, ma TV ambiri, VCRs, ndi DVD omwe amagulitsidwa amagulitsa onse awiri a NTSC ndi a PAL. Ku US, vutoli limayendetsedwa ndi ogulitsa malonda omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malonda apadziko lonse. Malo ena abwino kwambiri pa intaneti ndi monga International Electronics, ndi Import World.
Komanso, ngati mumakhala mumzinda wawukulu, monga New York, Los Angeles, kapena dera la Miami, ku Florida, ena ogulitsa akuluakulu komanso odziimira nthawi zina amanyamula ma VCR ambiri. Kotero, ngati muli ndi achibale kapena anzanu kunja kwa nyanja mukhoza kupanga ndi kujambula makcorder kapena mavidiyo omwe mwalemba TV ndikutumiza makalata kwa iwo ndipo mutha kusewera pa PAL kapena SECAM mavidiyo omwe amakutumizirani.
Komabe, ngati mulibe zofunikira kuti mukhale ndi makina ambiri a VCR koma mukufunika kukhala ndi tepi ya kanema nthawi ina yomwe mutembenuzidwa ku dongosolo lina, pali misonkhano mumzinda uliwonse waukulu umene ungachite izi. Ingoyang'anani mu bukhu la foni lapafupi pansi pa Kuwonetsera Video kapena Services Editing Services. Mtengo wotembenuza tepi imodzi siwotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Miyezo Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse
Potsirizira pake, mungaganize kuti ntchito ya padziko lonse ya Digital TV ndi HDTV idzathetsa vuto la mavidiyo osagwirizana, koma si choncho. Pali "dziko" latsutsano loyandikana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe chonse cha mailesi a pulogalamu yamakanema ndi kusewera makanema otchuka mavidiyo.
Mayiko a ku America ndi mayiko ena a kumpoto kwa America ndi ku Asia atengera mayendedwe a ATSC (Advanced Television Standards Committee), Europe yakhala ikugwirizana ndi DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting), ndipo Japan ikufuna dongosolo lake, ISDB (Integrated Services Broadcasting). Zowonjezera zambiri pa dziko la Worldwide Digital TV / HDTV, onani mauthenga ochokera ku EE Times.
Kuonjezera apo, ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa HD ndi kanema ya analog, kusiyana kwa mlingo wamakono kumakhalabe m'mayiko a PAL ndi NTSC.
M'mayiko omwe akhala akuyang'ana pa TV / kanema ya kanema ya NTSC, pakalipano, miyezo ya HD yojambulidwa ndi miyezo ya HD (monga Blu-ray ndi HD-DVD) imatsatirabe chiwerengero cha NTSC cha mafelemu 30 pamphindi, pomwe miyezo ya HD mu mayiko omwe akhala pa mlingo wa PAL wofalitsa / kanema kapena sewero la SECAM lofalitsa likulumikiza mlingo wa PAL wa mafelemu 25 pamphindi.
Mwamwayi, kuchuluka kwa makanema a ma TV akupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, komanso pafupifupi onse opanga mafilimu, amatha kuwonetsera mawonekedwe 25 ndi 30 masentimita pamphindi.
Kuchokera pazitsulo zonse zamakono potsata miyambo yosiyanasiyana ya ma TV / HDTV, izi zikutanthawuza, mwa kufalitsa, chingwe, ndi satelesi yakanema m'zaka za digito, padzakhala kusagwirizana pakati pa mitundu ya dziko. Komabe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mavidiyo ndi kusintha kwa mavidiyo muzinthu zamakanema zambiri, vuto la kusewera kanema yojambulidwa kumbuyo sikudzakhalanso vuto ngati nthawi ikupita.