Langizo la Linux / Unix insmod limatsegula gawo lolemetsa mu kernel. insmod amayesa kugwirizanitsa gawo mu kernel yoyendetsa pothetsa zizindikiro zonse ku gome la chizindikiro cha kernel.
Ngati dzina la fayilo yamphongo likuperekedwa popanda mauthenga kapena kufalikira, insmod idzasaka gawoli m'maofesi ena omwe sali oyenera . Kusintha kwa chilengedwe MODPATH ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupitirira ichi chosasintha. Ngati fayilo yokonzera gawo monga /etc/modules.conf ilipo, idzapitirira njira zomwe zimatchulidwa mu MODPATH .
Kusintha kwa chilengedwe MODULECONF ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha fayilo yosiyanitsa yosiyana /etc/modules.conf (kapena /etc/conf.modules ( yochotsedwa )). Kusintha kwa chilengedwechi kudzawonjezereka malingaliro onse pamwambapa.
Pamene zovuta zachilengedwe UNAME_MACHINE zakhazikitsidwa, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwiritsira ntchito mtengo wake m'malo mwa makina kuchokera ku uname () syscall. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamene mukulemba ma modules 64-bit mu malo osuta 32-bit kapena mosiyana, ikani UNAME_MACHINE mtundu wa modules. Ma modowero samakonowa kumanga mazenera omangamanga amtundu wa modules, amalephera kusankha pakati pa mapangidwe apamwamba a 32- ndi 64-bit.
Zosankha
-e persist_name , --persist = persist_name
Imatanthawuza kumene deta iliyonse yosasunthika ya gawoli ikuwerengedwera kuchokera pa katundu ndi kulembedwera pamene izi zimatulutsidwa. Njirayi imanyalanyazidwa mosalekeza ngati gawoli liribe deta yosatha. Deta yosatsutsika imangowerengedwa ndi insmod ngati njirayi ilipo, mwachisawawa insmod sichitsata deta yosatha .
Monga mawonekedwe achifupi , -e "" (chingwe chopanda kanthu) amatanthauziridwa ndi insmod ngati mtengo wopitilira monga momwe tafotokozera modules.conf , wotsatira ndi dzina la fayilo la module polowera njira yofufuzira yomwe imapezeka, osachotsa Kutsata ".gz", "o "kapena" .mod ". Ngati modules.conf imatanthawuza " mosalekeza = " (ie kupitiriza ndi malo opanda kanthu) ndiye mawonekedwe achidulewa amanyalanyazidwa mosasamala. (Onani modules.conf (5).)
-f , - ntchito
Yesetsani kuyendetsa pulogalamuyi ngakhale ngati kusintha kwa kernel ndi mtundu wa kernel yomwe modulidwayo sizinakwaniritsidwe. Izi zokha zimadutsa cheke yoyendetsa kernel, ilibe zotsatira pa kufufuza dzina la chizindikiro. Ngati maina a chizindikiro mu gawo sakugwirizana ndi kernel ndiye palibe njira yokakamiza insmod kuti ikhale gawo.
-h , --help
Onetsani mwachidule za zosankha ndipo nthawi yomweyo tulukani.
-k , --autoclean
Ikani bendera yoyera pamadzi pamutu. Mbendera iyi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kerneld (8) kuchotsa ma modules omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zina - nthawi zambiri mphindi imodzi.
-L , - kutseka
Gwiritsani ntchito nkhosa (2) kuteteza katundu umodzi womwewo panthawi yomweyo.
-m , -map
Sungani mapu a katundu pamtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kusintha pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
-n , - osatulutseni
Kuthamanga kwachisawawa, chitani chilichonse pokhapokha mutenge katundu mu kernel. Ngati akufunsidwa ndi -m kapena -O , kuthamanga kudzabala mapu kapena fayilo. Popeza gawoli silinatumizedwe, adresi yowonongeka ya kernel sichidziwika kotero mapu ndi fayilo ya blob zimachokera pa adiresi yosakaniza ya 0x12340000.
-o module_name , --name = module_name
Tchulani dzinalo, osati kutengera dzina kuchokera ku dzina loyambira la fayilo yachinthu chochokera.
-O blob_name , --blob = blob_name
Sungani chinthu chabina mu blob_name . Zotsatira zake ndi bwalo lamphindi (palibe lilembo la ELF) lomwe likuwonetsa zomwe zatumizidwa ku gawo la chitetezo pambuyo pa chiwonetsero ndi kusamukira. Zosankha -m ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze mapu a chinthucho.
-p , --probe
Sungani gawoli kuti muwone ngati likhoza kutsegulidwa bwino . Izi zikuphatikizapo kupeza fayilo yachinthu mu njira yamagulu, kufufuza manambala a mawonekedwe, ndi kuthetsa zizindikiro. Sitiyang'ana kusamukirako kapena sikuti imapanga mapu kapena fayilo ya blob.
Choyamba -P choyamba , --prefix = choyamba
Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma modules for SMP kapena bigmem kernel, popeza ma modules ali ndi chiwerengero chowonjezera chowonjezeredwa m'maina awo ophiphiritsira. Ngati kernel inamangidwa ndi zizindikiro zosinthika ndiye insmod idzachotsa chotsatiracho kuchokera ku tanthauzo la "get_module_symbol" kapena "inter_module_get", imodzi mwa izo iyenera kukhalapo mu kernel iliyonse yomwe imathandiza modules. Ngati kernel ilibe mawonekedwe ophiphiritsira koma gawoli linamangidwa ndi matanthauzo a chizindikiro ndiye wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kupereka -P .
-q , --quiet
Musasindikize mndandanda wa zizindikiro zosasinthidwa. Musati mudandaule za zomwe simukuzidziwa. Vuto lidzangowonekera mu nthawi yotuluka ya insmod .
-r , - mizu
Ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma modules pansi pa osakhala root root kenaka ma modules monga mizu. Izi zimatha kuchoka m'ma modules omwe ali opanda root root, ngakhale mayendedwe a modules ali ndi mizu. Ngati osagwiritsira ntchito rootid akunyengerera, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kulemba ma modules omwe alipo ndi wogwiritsira ntchitoyo ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito izi ku bootstrap mpaka kupeza mizu.
Mwachikhazikitso, ma modutils adzakana kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo losakhala ndi mizu. Kufotokozera -kidzasintha cheke ndikulola mzuzi kutsegula ma modules omwe alibe mizu. Zindikirani: mtengo wosasinthika wa chekeni wa mizu ungasinthidwe pamene ma modutils apangidwa.
Kugwiritsira ntchito -kutseketsa mizu yozembetsa kapena kuyika chosasintha kuti "palibe mizu yowonongeka" pa nthawi yokonzera nthawiyi ndikutetezeka kwakukulu ndipo sikuvomerezedwa.
-s , - syslog
Sungani chirichonse kuti mukhale syslog (3) mmalo mwa otsiriza.
-S , --kallsyms
Limbikitsani gawo lolemedwa kuti mukhale ndi dallsyms deta, ngakhale kernel sichichichirikiza. Njirayi ndi yazing'onozing'ono kumene kernel imanyamula popanda dallsyms deta koma osankhidwa modules amafunika kallsyms kukonza. Njira iyi ndi yosasinthika pa Red Hat Linux.
-v , - kutsegula
Khalani verbose.
-V , --version
Onetsani mtundu wa insmod .
-X , - Export ; -x , - osasintha
Chitani ndipo musatumize zizindikiro zonse zakuthambo zamtunduwu. Chosawonongeka ndichoti zizindikiro zikutumizidwa. Njirayi ndi yogwira ntchito ngati gawoli silikutumizira mwachindunji tebulo lake lophiphiritsira, ndipo motere limachotsedwa.
-Y , --ymoops ; -y , --noksymoops
Chitani ndipo musawonjezere ksymoops zizindikiro kwa ksyms. Zisonyezo izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ksymoops kuti zithetse bwino ngati pali Oops mu gawo ili. Zosasintha ndizoti ksymoops zizindikiro zifotokozedwe. Njirayi ndi yodzisankhira pa- options / X / -x .
ksymoops zizindikiro zowonjezera pafupifupi 260 bytes pamtundu wolemedwa. Pokhapokha mutakhala wafupipafupi pa malo a kernel ndipo mukuyesera kuchepetsa ksyms kuchepa kwake kukula, tengani zosasintha ndi kupeza molondola Oops kudandaula. ksymoops zizindikiro zimayenera kusunga deta yosasinthika deta.
-N , - yeniyeni yokha
Ingoyang'anani gawo la chiwerengero cha gawo la modulelo motsutsana ndi machitidwe a kernel, mwachitsanzo, samanyalanyaza EXTRAVERSION posankha ngati module ndi ya kernel. Mbendera iyi imayikidwa kernel 2.5 kupita patsogolo, ndiyotheka kwa maso oyambirira.
Module Parameters
Ma modules ena amavomereza magawo a nthawi yolemetsa kuti asinthe ntchito yawo. Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimatuluka ku I / O ndi nambala ya IRQ zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi makina kupita ku makina ndipo sichikhoza kudziwika kuchokera ku hardware.
Mu ma modules okonzedwera mazithunzi angapo a 2.0, chizindikiro choyimira chilichonse kapena choyimira chikhalidwe chingasamalidwe ngati choyimira ndi kusintha. Kuyambira pazigawo zowonjezera 2.1, zizindikiro zimatchulidwa momveka ngati magawo kuti zikhazikitso zenizeni zitha kusintha. Kuwonjezera apo, mtundu wamtunduwu umaperekedwa poyang'ana zoyenera zomwe zimaperekedwa pa nthawi yowonjezera.
Pankhani ya integers, malingaliro onse akhoza kukhala a decimal, octal kapena hexadecimal la C: 17, 021 kapena 0x11. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayikidwa motsatizana motsatizana ndi makasitomala. Zinthu zimatha kuchepetsedwa potaya mtengo.
Mu ma modules otsogolera 2.0, miyezo yomwe siyambira ndi nambala imalingaliridwa ngati zingwe. Kuchokera mu 2.1, chidziwitso cha mtunduwo chimasonyeza ngati kutanthauzira mtengo ngati chingwe. Ngati phindu liyamba ndi ndemanga ziwiri ( " ), chingwecho chikutanthauziridwa monga C, zochitika zosatha komanso zonse.
Mipukutu Yogwiritsira Ntchito GPL ndi Zizindikiro
Kuyambira ndi kernel 2.4.10, ma modules ayenera kukhala ndi chingwe chingwe, chofotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito MODULE_LICENSE () . Zingwe zingapo zimadziwika ngati GPL yovomerezeka; chingwe china chilichonse chokhala ndi layisensi kapena palibe layisensi pokhapokha ngati gawoli likutengedwa ngati mwiniwake.
Ngati kernel ikuthandizira pepala / proc / sys / kernel / tainted flag ndiye insmod adzakhala OR yonyezimira mbendera ndi '1' pamene imatenga gawo popanda GPL layisensi. Chenjezo limaperekedwa ngati kernel ikuthandiza tainting ndi module imatengedwa popanda chilolezo. Chenjezo limaperekedwa nthawi zonse kwa ma modules omwe ali ndi MODULE_LICENSE () omwe si GPL ovomerezeka, ngakhale pamakono achikulire omwe sagwirizane ndi kutseka. Izi zimachepetsa machenjezo pamene modutils yatsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zakale.
foni -f (mphamvu) idzakhala OR kapepala koyeretsedwa ndi '2' pamakono omwe amathandiza kutsitsa. Nthawi zonse zimapereka chenjezo.
Otsatsa ena a kernel amafuna kuti zizindikiro zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi ma code awo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi modules ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka cha GPL. Zizindikiro zimenezi zimatumizidwa ndi EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL m'malo mwa EXPORT_SYMBOL . Zizindikiro za GPL zokha zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi kernel ndi ma modules ena zimangowonekera ku ma modules omwe ali ndi chilolezo chogwirizana ndi GPL, zizindikiro izi zimawonekera / proc / ksyms ndi chiyambi cha ' GPLONLY_ '. insmod amanyalanyaza chithunzi cha GPLONLY_ pa zizindikiro pamene akunyamula gawo la GPL lovomerezeka kotero kuti gawoli limangotchula dzina lophiphiritsira, popanda chiyambi. Zizindikiro za GPL zokha sizimaperekedwa kwa ma modules popanda chilolezo chovomerezeka cha GPL, izi zikuphatikizapo ma modules opanda chilolezo konse.
Thandizo la Ksymoops
Kuthandizira pogwiritsa ntchito kernel Oops mukamagwiritsa ntchito modules, insmod imafafaniza kuwonjezera zizindikiro kwa ksyms, onani -Y njira. Zizindikiro izi zimayamba ndi __insmod_modulename_ . Modulename imafunika kuti zizindikirozo zikhale zosiyana. Ndizomveka kuti mutenge chinthu chomwecho mobwerezabwereza m'matchulidwe osiyanasiyana. Pakali pano, zizindikiro zofotokozedwa ndi izi:
__insmod_modulename_Oobjectfile_Mmtime_Vversion
Chotsutsana ndi dzina la fayilo yomwe chinthucho chinachotsedwa kuchokera. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ksymoops ikhoza kufanana ndi khodi ku chinthu choyenera. Mtime ndiyo timestampu yomaliza yosinthidwa pa fayiloyi mu hex, zero ngati sanathe. Vesi ndizolemba zomwe ma module adalembedwera, -1 ngati palibe bukuli. Chizindikiro cha _cho chiri ndi aderesi yoyamba yofanana monga mutu wa module.
__insmod_modulename_Ssectionname_Llength
Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonekera pachiyambi cha magawo a ELF osankhidwa, pakali pano .text, .rodata, .data, .bss ndi .sbss. Zimangowoneka ngati gawo liri ndi kukula kosakhala zero. dzina la dzina lake ndilo gawo la ELF, kutalika ndilo kutalika kwa gawolo mu decimal. Zisonyezerozi zimathandiza ksymoops mapu a mapu ku magawo pamene palibe zizindikiro zomwe zilipo.
__insmod_modulename_Ppersistent_filename
Chokhacho chimapangidwa ndi insmod ngati gawoli liri limodzi kapena magawo ena omwe amadziwika ngati deta yosapitirira ndi dzina la fayilo kuti asunge deta yosatha (onani -e , pamwamba) ilipo.
Vuto lina ndi kugwilitsa ntchito kernel Oops mu modules ndi kuti zomwe zili mu / proc / ksyms ndi / proc / modules zingasinthe pakati pa Oops ndi pamene mukukonzekera fayilo ya log. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, ngati bukhu / var / log / ksymoops liripo ndiye insmod ndipo rmmod idzasinthira / proc / ksyms ndi / proc / modules ku / var / log / ksymoops ndi chiyambi cha `date +% Y% m % d% H% M% S`. Wotsogolera dongosolo akhoza kuuza ksymoops yomwe imasintha mafayili kuti agwiritse ntchito poyankhira Oops. Palibe chosinthika kuti chilepheretseko bukuli. Ngati simukufuna kuti zichitike, musalenge / var / log / ksymoops . Ngati bukhuli lidalipo, liyenera kukhala lokhala ndi mizu ndi kukhala ndi maonekedwe 644 kapena 600 ndipo muyenera kuyendetsa script tsiku ndi tsiku. Script ili pansiyi imayikidwa monga insmod_ksymoops_clean .
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri
NAME
Sakanizani modula katundu wa kernel
SYNOPSIS
insmod [-fhkLmnpqrsSvVxXyYN] [-e persist_name ] [-o module_name ] [-O blob_name ] gawo la [-P]] [ chizindikiro = mtengo ...]