NAME
Dulani - DNS lookup utility
SYNOPSIS
chemba [ @ server ] [ -b address ] [ -c class ] [ -f filename ] [ -k filename ] [ -p chithunzi # ] [ -t mtundu ] [ -x addr ] [ -yina : key ] [ dzina ] [ mtundu ] [ kalasi ] [ queryopt ... ]
chemba [ -h ]
chemba [ global-queryopt ... ] [ funso ... ]
DESCRIPTION
kukumba (domain domain groper) ndi chida chothandizira kufufuza mafunso a DNS dzina. Icho chimapanga ma DNS lookups ndikuwonetsera mayankho omwe amabwezedwa kuchokera ku dzina la seva omwe adafunsidwa. Ambiri a DNS oyang'anira amagwiritsa ntchito kukumba kuti asokoneze mavuto a DNS chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kumasuka kwa ntchito komanso kufotokoza kwa zotsatira. Zida zina zogwiritsira ntchito zimakhala ndi zochepa zomwe zimagwira ntchito kusiyana ndi kukumba .
Ngakhale kukumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziganizo za mzere wa malamulo, imakhalanso ndi njira yogwirira ntchito powerenga zopempha zokopa kuchokera ku fayilo. Chidule cha mndandanda wa mndandanda wa malamulo komanso zosankhazo amasindikizidwa pamene -h chisankho chikuperekedwa. Mosiyana ndi malemba oyambirira, kutsegulira BIND9 kwa dig kukulola maulendo angapo kuti aperekedwe ku mzere wa lamulo .
Pokhapokha atauzidwa kuti afunse dzina la seva, digani amayesa seva iliyonse yomwe ili mu /etc/resolv.conf .
Pamene palibe ndondomeko ya mndandanda wa malamulo kapena zosankhidwa zoperekedwa, idzachita funso la NS la "." (muzu).
ZOTHANDIZA ZOCHITA
Chizoloŵezi chopempha kukumba chikuwoneka ngati:
chemba mtundu wa dzina la sevakumene:
seva
ndi dzina kapena IP adiresi ya dzina la seva kuti afunse. Izi zikhoza kukhala IPv4 adiresi yomwe ili ndi dotted-decimal kapena a IPv6 adiresi yoyamba. Pamene yankho la seva loperekedwa ndi hostname, limbani dzina lanu lisanatanthauze dzina la seva. Ngati palibe ndondomeko ya seva , funsani /etc/resolv.conf ndi mafunso omwe amatchedwa seva otchulidwa pamenepo. Yankho lochokera ku dzina la seva lomwe limayankha likuwonetsedwa.
dzina
Ndilo dzina la zolemba zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mmwamba.
mtundu
imasonyeza mtundu wanji wa funso lofunikanso ... ANYONSE, A, MX, SIG, ndi zina zotero zingakhale mtundu uliwonse wa funso lovomerezeka. Ngati palibe ndewu yamtundu umene waperekedwa, digani idzayang'anitsitsa zolemba za A.
OPTIONS
A -b kusankha imayika pulogalamu ya IP yothetsera yankho . Izi ziyenera kukhala adilesi yolondola pa imodzi mwa ma intaneti okhudza ma intaneti.
Khalidwe losavomerezeka la kalasi (IN pa intaneti) likugonjetsedwa ndi_kosankha . kalasi ndilo gawo lililonse lovomerezeka, monga HS kwa ma Hesiod ma CD kapena CH za CHAOSNET zolemba.
The -f option amachititsa kukumba ntchito mu batch mode mwa kuwerenga mndandanda wa zofunsira zopempha kuti ntchito kuchokera fayile filename . Fayilo ili ndi mafunso angapo, imodzi pamzere. Aliyense kulowa mu fayiloyo iyenera kukhala yokonzedwa mofanana momwe idzafotokozedwe ngati mafunso kukumba pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko ya mzere.
Ngati nambala yosasimphana yamtundu iyenera kuyankhidwa, a -p njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. doko # ndi nambala ya doko yomwe ikumba imatumiza mafunso ake mmalo mwa sewero la DNS la nambala 53. Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa dzina la seva lomwe lakonzedwa kuti limvetsere mafunso pa nambala yosakhala yoyenera.
Cho- chotsatira chimayika mtundu wa query kuti muyimire . Ikhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse wafunso woyenera womwe umathandizidwa mu BIND9. Mtundu wokhazikika wosankha "A", pokhapokha ngati -sankhidwa akuperekedwa kuti akuwonetseni kusinthika. Kutengerapo gawo kungathe kupemphedwa pofotokoza mtundu wa AXFR. Pomwe pakufunika kusintha kwapadera (IXFR), mtunduwu waikidwa ku ixfr = N. Kusintha kwa malo ozungulira kumakhala ndi kusintha komwe kumapangidwira kumalo osungirako chiwerengero kuyambira nambala yotsatila mu zolemba za SOA zowonongeka ndi N.
Kusinthika mobwerezabwereza - maadiresi a mapu kwa mayina - ali ochepetsedwa ndi -x njira. addr ndi a IPv4 adiresi muzithunzi za dotted-decimal, kapena adiresi ya IPv6 yokonzedwa ndi colon. Ngati njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, palibe chifukwa choyenera kutchulira dzina , kalasi ndi zokambirana. kukumba mwachindunji kumachita zolemba ngati dzina la 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa ndikuyika mtundu wafunso ndi kalasi ku PTR ndi IN moyenera. Mwachinsinsi, IPv6 maadiresi amayang'anitsitsa mmwamba pogwiritsa ntchito malo a IP6.ARPA ndi ma labina omwe amapezeka mu RFC2874. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yakale ya RFC1886 pogwiritsa ntchito ma IP6.INT ndi ma "labble" malemba, tchulani njira -n (nibble).
Kusayina mafunso a DNS otumizidwa ndi kukumba ndi mayankho awo pogwiritsa ntchito masayina achitsulo (TSIG), tchulani fayilo yafungulo la TSIG pogwiritsa ntchito -k . Mukhozanso kufotokozera fungulo la TSIG palokha pamzere wotsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito -yomwe mungasankhe; Dzina ndilo fungulo la TSIG ndipo chinsinsi ndichinsinsi chenicheni. Mfungulo ndi chingwe chakumapeto- 64 chojambulidwa, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dnssec-keygen (8). Chenjezo liyenera kuthandizidwa pogwiritsira ntchito -yomwe mumasewera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito monga chinsinsi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu zotsatira kuchokera ku ps (1) kapena fayilo ya mbiri yakale. Pogwiritsira ntchito kutsimikiziridwa kwa TSIG ndi kukumba , dzina la seva lomwe likufunidwa likuyenera kudziwa chinsinsi ndi ndondomeko yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'BINDI, izi zimachitika popereka ndemanga yoyenera ndi seva mu dzina.conf .
QUERY OPTIONS
kukumba kumapanga zosankha zingapo zomwe zimakhudza momwe njirayi imapangidwira ndipo zotsatira zimasonyezedwa. Zina mwazinthuzi zimayika kapena kukonzanso zizindikiro za mbendera mu mutu wa mayankho, ena amadziwa kuti ndi yanji la yankho lomwe lasindikizidwa, ndipo ena amadziwitsanso nthawi yomwe amayendetsera nthawi ndikuyesa njira.
Njira iliyonse yowonjezera imadziwika ndi mawu ofunikira patsogolo pa chizindikiro chowonjezera (+). Zina mwazinthu zofunika kukhazikitsa kapena kukonzanso zosankha. Izi zikhoza kutsogozedwa ndi chingwe ayi kuti asamvetse tanthawuzo la mawu ofunika. Malembo ena amagwiritsira ntchito ziyeso pazomwe mungasankhe. Ali ndi mawonekedwe + keyword = mtengo . Zosankhazo ndizo:
+ palibe tcp
Gwiritsani ntchito [musagwiritse ntchito] TCP pamene mukufufuza ma servers. Makhalidwe osayenerera amagwiritsa ntchito UDP pokhapokha ngati pempho la AXFR kapena IXFR likufunsidwa, ndiye kuti kugwirizana kwa TCP kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
+ palibe vc
Gwiritsani ntchito [musagwiritse ntchito] TCP pamene mukufufuza ma servers. Syntax iyi yophatikizidwa ndi [no] tcp imaperekedwera kuyanjana kumbuyo. "Vc" imayimira "dera lonse".
+ musamanyalanyaze
Pezani truncation mu mayankho a UDP mmalo moyesera ndi TCP. Mwachidule, kuyang'ana kwa TCP kumachitika.
+ domain = somename
Sungani mndandanda wa zofufuzira kuti mukhale ndi domain limodzi somename , monga ngati tafotokozedwa mu lamulo lamasamba mu /etc/resolv.conf , ndipo lolani mndandanda wa zofufuzira ngati ngati + kufufuza kunaperekedwa.
+ osasaka
Gwiritsani ntchito [musagwiritse ntchito] mndandanda wofufuzira womwe umatanthauzidwa ndi kafukufuku kapena maulamuliro mu resolv.conf (ngati alipo). Mndandanda wofufuzira sunagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chosasintha.
+ palibe dzina linalake
Kuchotsedwa, kutchulidwa ngati chimodzimodzi ndi kufufuza [[no]
+ palibe ayi
Njira iyi sichita kanthu. Zaperekedwa kuti zitha kuyanjana ndi zilembo zakale zomwe zimapanga mbendera yosatsimikiziridwa.
+ palibe amene amawatenga
Ikani [musayankhe] AD (zenizeni deta) pang'ono mu funso. AD idatanthawuzira pokhapokha tanthauzo lokha mmaganizo, osati mu mafunso, koma kukhoza kukhazikitsa pang'ono mu funsoli kumaperekedwa kuti chikhale chokwanira.
+ palibe pdflag
Ikani [musati muyike] CD (kuyang'ana yowumitsa) kuti ikhale mu funso. Izi zikupempha seva kuti isapange DNSSEC kutsimikizira mayankho.
+ [palibe] wowongolera
Sinthani malo a RD (recursion) bit mu funso. Izi zimakhala zosasinthika, zomwe zikutanthauza kukumba mwachizolowezi kutumiza mafunso obwereza. Kubwezeretsa kumakhala kolepheretsa pamene ntchito zotsatila kapena zofufuzira + zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
+ musayang'ane
Ngati njirayi yakhazikitsidwa, yesani kuyesa kupeza dzina lovomerezeka la seva la zonelo yomwe ili ndi dzina loyang'ana mmwamba ndikuwonetsa SOA kuti dzina lililonse la seva liri ndi chigawo.
+ palibe
Sinthani kufufuza njira yopita kuzinthu kuchokera kumzu dzina la maseva kuti dzina liziyang'ana mmwamba. Kufufuza kumaletsedwa mwachinsinsi. Pamene kufufuza kukuyankhidwa, kukumba kumapangitsa mafunso otsogolera kuti athetse dzinali. Idzatsata zolembera kuchokera ku mazu a mizu, kusonyeza yankho kuchokera pa seva iliyonse yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kuyang'ana.
+ [palibe] cmd
imasindikiza kusindikizidwa kwa ndemanga yoyamba mu zotsatira zomwe zikuwonetsa ndondomeko ya kukumba ndi zosankha zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndemanga iyi imasindikizidwa mwachindunji.
+ palibe wochepa
Perekani yankho loopsa. Chosawonongeka ndicho kusindikiza yankho mu mawonekedwe a verbose.
+ [palibe] kudziwa
Onetsani [kapena musasonyeze] adilesi ya IP ndi nambala ya phukusi yomwe inapereka yankho pamene mwayi wawufupi wapatsidwa. Ngati mayankho a mawonekedwe afupipafupi akufunsidwa, zosasintha sizisonyeza adiresi yoyamba ndi sewero la seva lomwe lapereka yankho.
+ [palibe] ndemanga
Sinthani mawonedwe a ndemanga za ndemanga mu zotsatira. Chosalephera ndi kusindikiza ndemanga.
+ palibe ma stats
Chosankha ichi chikuthandizira kusindikiza kwa ziwerengero: pamene funso linapangidwa, kukula kwa yankho ndi zina zotero. Khalidwe losasintha ndi kusindikiza ziwerengero za mafunso.
+ palibe [qr]
Sindikizani [musasindikize] funsoli ngati latumizidwa. Mwachinsinsi, funsoli silinasindikidwe.
+ palibe funso
Sindikizani [musasindikize] gawo la funso la funso pamene yankho libwezedwa. Chosalephera ndi kusindikiza gawo la funso ngati ndemanga.
+ palibe yankho
Onetsani [musasonyeze] gawo la yankho la yankho. Chosawonongeka ndikuchiwonetsera.
+ palibe ulamuliro
Onetsani [musasonyeze] gawo la ulamuliro la yankho. Chosawonongeka ndikuchiwonetsera.
+ [palibe] zina
Onetsani [musasonyeze] gawo lina la yankho. Chosawonongeka ndikuchiwonetsera.
+ osati onse
Ikani kapena kusani bendera lonse.
+ nthawi = T
Ikani nthawi yopita kufunso kumasekondi a T. Nthawi yosasintha ndi masekondi asanu. Kuyesera kuyimitsa T kupitirira 1 kudzabweretsa nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera ya 1 wachiwiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
+ amayesa = T
Amaika nthawi kuti ayesenso mafunso UDP ku seva m'malo mwa zosasinthika, 3. Ngati T ndi ochepa kapena olingana ndi zero, chiwerengero cha mayesero amachepera mpaka 1.
+ ndots = D
Ikani chiwerengero cha madontho omwe ayenera kumawoneka mwa dzina kwa D kuti awoneke kukhala amtheradi. Kuwonongeka kwapadera ndikutanthauzira kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a ndots mu /etc/resolv.conf , kapena 1 ngati palibe mawu a ndots alipo. Mayina omwe ali ndi madontho ochepa amamasuliridwa ngati mayina ogwirizana ndipo adzafufuzidwa mu madera omwe akupezeka mu kufufuza kapena lamulo lachigawo mu /etc/resolv.conf .
+ bufsize = B
Ikani kukula kwa buffer ya uthenga wa UDP yofalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito EDNS0 ku B bytes. Kukula kwakukulu ndi kuchepa kwapadera kwazomweyi ndi 65535 ndi 0 motero. Makhalidwe kunja kwa mndandandawu adakonzedwa kapena pansi.
+ palibe maulendo ambirimbiri
Zosindikiza zolemba monga SOA zolemba pamabuku osiyana siyana ndi ndemanga zowerengedwa ndi anthu. Chosawonongeka ndicho kusindikiza mbiri iliyonse pa mzere umodzi, kuti uwonetsere makina ochotsera makinawo.
+ palibe cholephera
Musayese seva yotsatira ngati mutalandira SERVFAIL. Chosawonongeka ndi kusayesa seva yotsatira yomwe imatsutsana ndi khalidwe labwino lokhazikitsa.
+ [osati] kusokoneza
Yesetsani kusonyeza zomwe zili mu mauthenga omwe alibe malingaliro. Chosalephera ndi kusonyeza mayankho osayenerera.
+ palibe dnssec
Amapempha ma DNSSEC mauthenga kuti atumizidwa poika chidutswa cha DNSSEC Chabwino (DO) mu record OPT mu gawo lina la funsoli.
ZOCHITIKA ZAMBIRI
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa BIND 9 kukumba zothandizira kufotokozera mafunso angapo pa mzere wa malamulo (kuphatikizapo kuthandizira_kupangira mafayilo). Funso lililonse likhoza kuperekedwa ndi ndondomeko yake ya mbendera, zosankha ndi mayankho a mafunso.
Pankhaniyi, mtsutso uliwonse wafunso umayimira funso payekha pamzere wa mzere wotsatira womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi zosankha ndi mabendera, zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa, mtundu woyesedwa wamagulu ndi kalasi ndi zosankha zilizonse zomwe muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pafunsolo.
Zosankha zapadziko lonse, zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafunso onse, zingaperekedwe. Zosankha zapadziko lonse lapansizi ziyenera kutsogolola dzina loyamba, mayina, mtundu, zosankha, mbendera, ndi mayankho omwe akupezeka pa mzere wa lamulo. Zosankha zonse zapadziko lonse (kupatulapo + [no] cmd ) zingathe kuwonjezeredwa ndi mayankho enieni a mafunso omwe mungasankhe. Mwachitsanzo:
dig + qr www.isc.org aliyense -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns + noqrikuwonetsa momwe kukumba kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchokera ku mzere wotsogolera kuti uwonetsetse katatu: funso lililonse kwa www.isc.org, kutembenuka kwa 127.0.0.1 ndi funso la zolembedwa za NS za isc.org. Chotsatira chapadziko lonse cha + qr chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kukumba kukuwonetsa funso loyambirira lomwe linapangidwira aliyense. Funso lomalizira liri ndi njira yowonjezera yaderali ya + noqr yomwe imatanthauza kuti kukumba sikusindikiza funso loyambirira pamene likuyang'ana pa record NS za isc.org.
ONANI ZINA
wolandira ( 1), wotchedwa (8), dnssec-keygen (8), RFC1035 .
Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.
Nkhani Zina