Unix si njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito. Zimapereka "zokoma" zamakono - zimakhala zosiyana, mitundu, zogawa kapena ntchito-nthambi kuchokera pachiyambi kumayambiriro kwa 1970s mainframe computing. Ngakhale kuti zakhazikitsidwa pamtundu waukulu wa malamulo a Unix, kupatula kosiyana kuli ndi malamulo awo apadera ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hardware.
Palibe amene akudziwa ndondomeko yowonjezera ya Unix yomwe ilipo, koma ndibwino kunena kuti ngati kuphatikizapo zonse zomwe ziri zobisika komanso zosatha, chiwerengero cha oyeretsa a Unix ndi osachepera mazana. Mukhoza kunena kuti dongosolo la opaleshoni liri m'banja la Unix ngati liri ndi dzina lomwe limagwirizanitsa makalata U, I, ndi X.
Nthambi Zazikulu za Unix
Zolemba za Unix zamakono zosiyana zimakhala ngati zili zotseguka (ie, kumasuka kwaulere, kugwiritsira ntchito kapena kusintha) kapena chitsime chatsekedwa (mwachitsanzo, mafayilo ogwiritsira ntchito osayimilira osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osinthidwawo).
- Minix -pangidwe loyambira lopangidwa ndi Unix, losagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba
- Linux - njira yoyenera yotsegula kubweretsa malo onga a Unix ku dera lapadera ndi seva; Linux ndi yotchuka ndi okonda makompyuta a kunyumba
- Mac OS X -Kulogalamu ya opaleshoni ya desktop
- BSD s (FreeBSD, DragonflyBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD) - nthambi yochokera ku Unix specs oyambirira, motsatira dongosolo la Berkeley Software Distribution
- AIX -mndandanda wa zochitika zochokera ku Unix zopangidwa ndi IBM kwa maseva ake
- Solaris -dongosolo la opaleshoni la seva lovomerezeka, lochokera ku Unix, lopangidwa ndi Sun Microsystems
- Zolemba za OpenSolaris zochokera kwa Solaris
- HP-UX -mndandanda wa zochitika zochokera ku Unix zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa ndi HP kwa maseva ake
Kugawidwa kwa Common Consumer
Kwa zaka zambiri, zokopa zosiyanasiyana za Linux zakhala zikudziwika bwino, koma zingapo zimakhala ngati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makompyuta a kompyuta. monga momwe zinafotokozedwera ndi DistroWatch, malo otalika omwe amatetezera uthenga wa Linux. Zina mwa magawo omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu 2017 ndi awa:
- Chidziwitso cha Ubuntu ndi madalaivala owonjezera a pulogalamu ndi zochepa zomwe mwasankha
- Mabizinesi a Debian -omwewo ndi "chilengedwe chonse" ndipo amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la msika komanso maziko oyenera a ntchito
- Manjaro -yiyikidwa pa Project Arch Linux, Manjaro imathandiza kwambiri configurabilty
- Ubuntu -wopambana kwambiri msika wa Linux, cholinga cha Ubuntu ndi kupereka njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe yapangidwa bwino komanso yofikirika ngakhale kuti zilankhulo ndi zolephereka
- Antergos -yizikidwa pa ntchito ya Arch Linux, kufalitsa kumeneku kumapanga pulogalamu yake yowonjezera mwambo
- OpenSUSE -kugawa kwachilendo kwachilendo kwa nthawi yaitali ndikusindikiza malonda a SUSE Linux
- Fedora - polojekiti yomudzi yochokera ku Red Hat
- Solus -kugawidwa kochokera ku Ireland ndi malo osungirako maofesi otchedwa "Budgie" omwe amawoneka ngati akale a GNOME 2 desktop
- Zorin -kugawidwa komwe kunkafuna kutsanzira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mawindo kuti athandize osintha atsopano a Linux kusintha kuchokera kuchitidwe ka Microsoft
- Zowonjezera -zikhazikitsidwa pa Ubuntu, elementaryOS imagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe cha desktop chomwe chimatchedwa Parthenon chomwe chikufanana, mwa njira zina, Mac OS
Kufalitsa kufalitsa kumasintha mwamsanga. Mu 2002, magawo khumi apamwamba, omwe anali ndi chidwi, anali Mandrake, Red Hat, Gentoo, Debian, Sorcerer, SuSE, Slackware, Lycoris, Lindows ndi Xandros. Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kenako, Debian yekha amakhalabe pa List 10 Top; Slamware, yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri, idagwa pa No. 33. Pazogawidwa zomwe zinatchuka mu 2017, palibe kupatula Debian komwe kunalipo mu 2002.
Mfundo Zowonjezera Linux
Anasokonezeka ponena za kufalitsa kwa Linux kuyesa? Kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ovumbulutsidwa a Linux kumawombera pamasankha ochepa chabe:
- Malo osungirako zowonongeka - monga Microsoft Windows kapena Mac OS X, Linux imagwirizira maofesi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, aliyense ali ndi chizindikiro chowoneka-ndi-kumva. Miyambo yowonjezereka ikuphatikizapo Gnome (Cinnamon ndi MATE), KDE, Xfce ndi Budgie.
- Pulogalamu yamakampani - Mapulogalamu a Linux apangidwa kuti apange zipangizo zothandizira phukusi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuli pakati pa mafayilo a Red Hat Package Manager kapena mafayilo a Debian, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi RPM yawo kapena extension DE file. Red Hat Linux imagwiritsa ntchito RPMs, Ubuntu imagwiritsa ntchito DEBs; Kusintha pakati pa awiriwa ndi luso lapamwamba logwiritsa ntchito.
- Maofesi a FOSS -wagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mosamala za kugawidwa kwa omvera kwa mfundo za Free Software ndi Open Source Source.
Mukhoza kukhala ndi chipangizo cha Linux pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito a mafoni a m'manja ndi a Android amachokera ku Linux ndipo akhoza kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa kugawa kwa Linux payekha.