Dzina
Fdisk - Gawo logawa gawo la Linux
Zosinthasintha
fdisk [-u] [-b sectorsize ] [-C magulo ] [-H mitu ] [-SSts ] chipangizo
fdisk -l [-u] [ chipangizo ... ]
fdisk -sagawi ...
fdisk -v
Kufotokozera
Ma disks ovuta akhoza kupatulidwa mu diski imodzi kapena yambiri yotchedwa magawo . Kugawidwa kumeneku kukufotokozedwa mu gome la magawo lomwe likupezeka mu gawo 0 la disk.
Mu BSD dziko lapansi limakamba za `diskla magawo 'ndi` disklabel'.
Linux amafunika magawo amodzi, omwe ndi mizu yake yojambula . Ingagwiritse ntchito mafayilo osinthana ndi / kapena kusinthanitsa magawano, koma omalizawa ndi othandiza kwambiri. Kotero, kawirikawiri mmodzi akufuna gawo lowiri la Linux loperekedwa ngati magawo a swap. Pa Hardware Intel yovomerezeka, BIOS yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawotchiwo nthawi zambiri imatha kupeza mazenera oyambirira 1024 a diski. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu omwe ali ndi disks akulu nthawi zambiri amapanga magawo atatu, ochepa chabe MB, omwe amawunikira / kutsegula , kusungira chithunzi chazithunzi ndi maofesi angapo othandizira pa nthawi yoyambira, kuti athetse kupezeka kwa BIOS. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa za chitetezo, kuchepetsa mautumiki ndi kubwezeretsa, kapena kuyesa, kugwiritsira ntchito kuposa chiwerengero chochepa cha magawo.
Sungani nkhani zosindikizidwa, sungani nthawi ndi mapulogalamu osindikiza osindikiza.
fdisk (mwa njira yoyamba yopempherera) ndi pulogalamu yopititsa patsogolo menyu kuti pakhale chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsira ntchito magulu ogawa magawo. Amamvetsetsa DOS mtundu magawo a tebulo ndi BSD kapena SUN mtundu disklabels.
Nthawi zambiri chipangizochi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi:
/ dev / hda / dev / hdb / dev / sda / dev / sdb
(/ dev / hd [ah] ya IDE disks, / dev / sd [ap] kwa SCSI disks, / dev / ed [ad] a ESDI disks, / dev / xd [ab] a diski XT). Dzina la chipangizo limatanthawuzira diski yonse.
Chigawocho ndi dzina lachitsulo lotsatiridwa ndi nambala yogawa. Mwachitsanzo, / dev / hda1 ndi gawo loyamba pa IDE yoyamba disk mu dongosolo. Ma disks akhoza kukhala ndi magawo 15. Onaninso /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt .
BSD / SUN mtundu disklabel akhoza kufotokozera magawo 8, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu omwe ayenera kukhala gawo lonse la disk. Musayambe magawano omwe amagwiritsira ntchito gawo lake loyamba (monga gawo losinthanitsa) pa cylinder 0, popeza izo zidzawononga disklabel.
An IRIX / SGI mtundu disklabel akhoza kufotokozera magawo 16, limodzi la khumi ndi limodzi liyenera kukhala gawo lonse la "volume", pamene chachisanu ndi chinayi chiyenera kutchedwa `volume header '. Mutu wa bukuli udzaphatikizanso tebulo logawanika, mwachitsanzo, limayambira pambali ya zero ndipo limatuluka mwadongosolo pazitali zisanu. Malo otsala mu mutu wa voliyumu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zolemba zamutu. Palibe magawo omwe angagwirizane ndi mutu wa voliyumu. Musasinthe mtundu wake ndikupanga mawonekedwe ena, popeza mutaya tebulo. Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu woterewu pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi Linux pa makina a IRIX / SGI kapena IRIX / SGI disks pansi pa Linux.
Gulu la DOS mtundu wophatikizapo lingathe kufotokoza chiwerengero chopanda malire cha magawo. Mu gawo 0 pali malo ofotokozera magawo 4 (otchedwa `primary '). Chimodzi mwa izi chikhoza kukhala gawo lowonjezera; ili ndi bokosi lokhala ndi magawo olondola, ndi zolemba zomwe zimapezeka mu mndandanda wa magawo, aliyense akuyang'ana magawo oyenera. Zigawo zinayi zoyambirira, panopa kapena ayi, pezani manambala 1-4. Zolemba zomveka zimayamba kuwerengeka kuchokera ku 5.
Mu DOS mtundu magawo a tebulo kuyambitsirana kumayambiriro ndi kukula kwa magawo onse amasungidwa m'njira ziwiri: monga mndandanda wa magawo (operekedwa mu 32 bits) ndi monga Zilonda / Mitu / Zigawo zitatu (zoperekedwa 10+ 8 + 6 ziphuphu). Zakale ziri bwino - Ndizigawo 512-byte izi zigwira ntchito mpaka 2 TB. Wachiwiriyo ali ndi mavuto awiri osiyana. Choyamba, malowa a C / H / S angathe kudzaza pamene chiwerengero cha mitu ndi chiwerengero cha mndandanda mwazidziwika. Chachiwiri, ngakhale titadziwa kuti ziwerengerozi ziyenera kukhala zotani, ma bedi 24 omwe alipo alipo sakwanira. DOS amagwiritsa ntchito C / H / S yekha, Windows amagwiritsa ntchito zonse, Linux sagwiritsa ntchito C / H / S.
Ngati n'kotheka, fdisk idzatenga disk geometry pokhapokha. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ma disky geometry (ndithudi, ma disks amasiku ano alibe chinthu chofanana ndi ma geometry, ndithudi si chinachake chomwe chingathe kufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a simplistic / Mapepala / Makanema), koma disk geometry imene MS-DOS imagwiritsa ntchito pa tebulo la magawo.
Kawirikawiri zonse zimayenda mwachindunji, ndipo palibe vuto ngati Linux ndiyo njira yokhayo pa disk. Komabe, ngati disk iyenera kugawidwa ndi machitidwe ena opangira, nthawi zambiri ndibwino kuti pulogalamu yowonjezera ipange gawo limodzi. Pamene Linux ikuwombera ikuwoneka pa tebulo la magawo, ndipo amayesera kudziwa zomwe (zowonongeka) jiometri zimafunika kuti mugwirizane ndi machitidwe ena.
Nthawi iliyonse pagawo la magawo likasindikizidwa, kufufuza kosasinthasintha kumachitika pazigawo za tebulo. Kuwunika kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti kuyamba ndi kumapeto kwa mfundo ndi zofanana, komanso kuti gawoli likuyamba ndikutha kumapeto kwa malire (kupatula gawo loyamba).
Matembenuzidwe ena a MS-DOS amapanga gawo loyamba lomwe siliyamba pa malire, koma mu gawo 2 la cholirapo choyamba. Zikondwerero zoyambira mu pulasitala 1 sizingayambe pazitali zazitsulo, koma izi sizikuwoneka zovuta pokhapokha mutakhala ndi OS / 2 pa makina anu.
Kugwirizanitsa () ndi BLKRRPART ioctl () (kubwereza tebulo losagawanika kuchokera ku diski) kumachitika musanatuluke pamene tebulo la magawo likusinthidwa. Kalekale kunali kofunika kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito fdisk. Sindikuganiza kuti izi ndizomwezo - inde, kubwezeretsanso mofulumira kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa deta. Onani kuti kernel ndi harkire disk zingagwiritse ntchito deta.
Chenjezo 6.x Chenjezo
Lamulo la DOS 6.x la FORMAT limafuna zambiri mu gawo loyamba la deta la magawano, ndipo limatenga nkhaniyi kukhala yodalirika kwambiri kusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu tebulo la magawo. DOS FORMAT imayembekeza DOS FDISK kuchotsa maulendo 512 oyambirira a deta ya magawo onse pokhapokha kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika. DOS FORMAT idzayang'ana pazidziwitso zapadera ngakhale ngati / flag ikuperekedwa - tikuwona izi ndi kachilombo ku DOS FORMAT ndi DOS FDISK.
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito cfdisk kapena fdisk kusintha kukula kwa DOS partition table entry, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dd kuti zero ma 512 bytes oyambirira a gawolo musanagwiritse ntchito DOS FORMAT kuti muyese magawowa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito cfdisk kupanga DOS partition table entry for / dev / hda1, ndiye (mutachoka pa fdisk kapena cfdisk ndi kubwezeretsanso Linux kuti tebulo la magawo likhale lovomerezeka) mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo "dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1 "mpaka zero zoyamba 512 za magawo.
KHALANI KWAMBIRI Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito dd , popeza typo yaing'ono ingathe kupanga deta yonse pa diski yanu yopanda phindu.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, nthawi zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya padera yotsatizana ndi OS. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kupanga DOS magawo ndi mapulogalamu a DOS FDISK ndi Linux ndi Linux fdisk kapena Linux cfdisk pulogalamu.
Zosankha
-b chuma
Tchulani kukula kwa chigawo cha disk. Makhalidwe ovomerezeka ndi 512, 1024, kapena 2048. (Zaka zaposachedwa zimadziwa kukula kwa gawoli. Gwiritsani ntchito izi pokhapokha pamakono akale kapena kupitirira maganizo a kernel.)
-Kilipi
Tchulani nambala ya zitsulo za disk. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake aliyense angafune kuchita zimenezo.
-A mitu
Tchulani nambala ya mutu wa disk. (Osati nambala yeniyeni, ndithudi, koma nambala yogwiritsidwa ntchito popangira matebulo.) Makhalidwe abwino ndi 255 ndi 16.
-Styiti
Tchulani chiwerengero cha makampani pa njira iliyonse ya disk. (Osati nambala yeniyeni, ndithudi, koma nambala yogwiritsidwa ntchito popangira matebulo.) Mtengo woyenera ndi 63.
-l
Lembani mndandanda wa magulu a magawo azinthu zowonongeka ndipo kenako tulukani. Ngati palibe zipangizo zoperekedwa, zimatchulidwa pa / proc / partitions (ngati zilipo).
-u
Polemba mndandanda wa matebulo, perekani zazikulu mmagulu mmalo mwa zitsulo.
-kugawa
Kukula kwa gawoli (muzitsulo) kumasindikizidwa pamtundu woyenerera.
-v
Pezani nambala ya pulogalamu ya fdisk ndi kutuluka.