Phulusa - Linux Command - Unix Command

Onetsani zolembera zoyenera (kapena n) kuchokera pa fayilo.

[n1] <& n2

Kuphatikizira moyenerera pulogalamu (kapena n1) kuchokera ku fayilo chofotokozera n2.

[n] <& -

Tsekani zowonjezera zolembera (kapena n).

[n1]> & n2

Duplicate standard output (kapena n1) kuchokera ku n2.

[n]> &

Tsekani ndondomeko yowonjezera (kapena n).

[n] <> fayilo

Tsegulani fayilo kuti muwerenge ndi kulemba pazowonjezera (kapena n).

Kutembenuzidwa kwotsatira nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa `` apa-document ''

[n] << wosungira

pano-doc-text ...

delimiter

Malembo onse pamzere wotsatira mpaka pa delimiter amasungidwa kutalika ndi kuperekedwa kwa lamulo pa ofunikira, kapena fayilo descriptor n ngati atchulidwa. Ngati chilolezo chotchulidwa pa mzere woyamba chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye apa-doc-malemba amachiritsidwa kwenikweni, mwinamwake malembawo amatha kupititsa patsogolo, kulamulira m'malo, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masamu (monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo la `` Expansions) ' 'Ngati woyendetsa ali `` << -' 'mmalo mwa `` <<' 'ndiye amatha kutsogolera apa-doc-text achotsedwa.

Fufuzani ndi Kuchita

Pali mitundu itatu ya malamulo: shell ntchito, malamulo builtin, ndi mapulogalamu oyenera - ndipo lamulo amafufuzidwa (ndi dzina) mu dongosolo. Aliyense amaphedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Pamene chipolopolo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zipolopolo zonse zapadera (kupatula $ 0, zomwe sizikhala zosasinthika) zimayikidwa pazokambirana za ntchitoyi. Mitundu yomwe imayikidwa bwino mu chikhalidwe cha lamulo (mwa kuika gawo kwa iwo asanayambe ntchitoyi) imapangidwira kuntchito ku ntchitoyo ndipo imayikidwa ku zikhulupiliro zoperekedwa. Ndiye lamulo loperekedwa mu ndondomeko ya ntchito likuchitidwa. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa posintha zimabwezeretsedwanso ku zoyambirira zawo pamene lamulo lidzatha. Zonsezi zimachitika mkati mwa chipolopolo chamakono.

Zomangamanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa chipolopolo, popanda kupanga njira yatsopano.

Kupanda kutero, ngati dzina la lamulo silikugwirizana ndi ntchito kapena buildin, lamulo likufufuzidwa ngati pulogalamu yowonongeka (monga momwe tafotokozera gawo lotsatira). Pamene pulogalamu yowonongeka ikuchitika, chipolopolo chimayendetsa pulogalamu, kudutsa mfundo ndi chilengedwe pa pulogalamuyi. Ngati pulogalamuyi si fayilo yowonongeka (ie, ngati siyambira ndi "nambala ya matsenga" omwe ASCII imaimira "#!", Kotero execve (2) abwerere Er ENOEXEC ndiye) chipolopolocho chidzamasulira pulogalamuyo mu chithunzi. Chigoba cha mwana chidzasinthidwanso pokhapokha, kuti zotsatira zikhale ngati chigoba chatsopano chidapemphedwa kuti chigwiritse ntchito script shell, kupatula kuti malo a malamulo omwe ali mu chipolopolo cha makolo adzakumbukiridwa ndi mwana.

Tawonani kuti mapepala oyambirira a chilembedwechi ndi ndondomeko yachinsinsi mwiniwakeyo mwachinyengo ndipo mwachidule amatanthauzira script yolemba popanda nambala ya matsenga monga "ndondomeko ya zipolopolo".

Njira Yowaka

Mukapeza lamulo, chipolopolo choyamba chikuyang'ana kuti chiwone ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzina limenelo. Ndiye akuyang'ana lamulo lopangidwa ndi dzina limenelo. Ngati malamulo omangidwa sakupezeka, chimodzi mwa zinthu ziwiri chimachitika:

1. Maina oyendetsa omwe ali ndi slash amangofa popanda kuchita chilichonse.
2. Chipolopolocho chimayang'ana chilichonse cholowera PATH potsatira lamulo. Mtengo wa PATH wosinthika uyenera kukhala mndandanda wazinthu zosiyana ndi ma coloni. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi dzina lolemba. Zolemba zamakono zikhoza kusonyezedwa mwachindunji ndi dzina lopanda kanthu, kapena momveka bwino nthawi imodzi.

Lolani Chikhalidwe Chotsatira

Lamulo lililonse liri ndi udindo wotuluka umene ungakhudze khalidwe la malamulo ena. Paradigm ndi kuti lamulo limachoka ndi zero kuti likhale labwino kapena lopambana, osati la zero chifukwa cha kulephera, kulakwitsa, kapena chisonyezero chonyenga. Tsamba la munthu la lamulo lirilonse liyenera kusonyeza zizindikiro zosiyana siyana ndi zomwe akutanthauza. Kuonjezera apo, malamulo omangika amabwerera amtundu wotuluka, monga momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Malamulo Ovuta

Malamulo ovuta ndi malamulo ophweka ndi ogwira ntchito olamulira kapena mawu osungika, palimodzi kupanga malamulo akuluakulu ovuta. Kawirikawiri, lamulo ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi:

• lamulo losavuta
• mpaipi
• mndandanda kapena mndandanda wa makalata
• lamulo lozungulira
• ndondomeko ya ntchito

Pokhapokha ngati tanenedwa kwina, udindo wotuluka wa lamulo ndi wa lamulo lomaliza loperekedwa ndi lamulo.

Mabomba

Bomba ndilo motsatira malamulo amodzi kapena angapo omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi woyendetsa ... | Momwe chiwonongeko cha onse koma lamulo lomalizira chikugwirizana ndi kuyika koyenera kwa lamulo lotsatira. Zotsatira za lamulo lomalizira zimachokera ku chipolopolo, mwachizolowezi.

Maonekedwe a pipi ndi:

[!] command1 [| command2 ...]

Mtundu woyendetsera wa command1 umagwirizanitsa ndi kuyika koyenera kwa command2. Zowonjezereka zolembera, zoyendera, kapena zonse za lamulo zimalingaliridwa kuti zimapatsidwa ndiipiipi isanayambe kutchulidwanso ndi otsogolera omwe ali mbali ya lamulo.

Ngati bomba siliri kumbuyo (kukambidwa pambuyo pake), chipolopolo chikudikirira kuti malamulo onse akwaniritsidwe.

Ngati mawu osungidwa! Sitiyambe kutsogolo kwaipiyi, chiwonetsero chakutuluka ndilo kutuluka kwa lamulo lomaliza lomwe linatchulidwa paipiipi. Kupanda kutero, kutuluka kwacho ndi zomveka osati za kutuluka kwa lamulo lomaliza. Ndiko kuti, ngati lamulo lomaliza likubweranso zero, udindo wotuluka ndi 1; ngati lamulo lomaliza likubwezera lalikulu kuposa zero, udindo wotuluka ndi zero.

Chifukwa chakuti kupatsidwa kwapayipi kawunikira kapena kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika musanatsitsidwe, kungasinthidwe mwa kukonzanso. Mwachitsanzo:

$ command1 2> & 1 | lamulo2

imatumiza zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zolakwika za lamulo1 kuzowonjezera malamulo a command2.

A; kapena wotsirizira amachititsa mndandanda wam'mbuyo ndi OR (wofotokozedwa wotsatira) kuti uchitidwe sequentially; a & amachititsa kuti asynchronous execution of list ndi OR-list.

Zindikirani kuti mosiyana ndi zipolopolo zina, njira iliyonse muipiyi ndi mwana wa gombe losautsa (pokhapokha ngati ndilo linagwedezeka, ndiye kuti likugwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo cha panopa - koma zotsatira zake zili ndi chilengedwe).

Malamulo Akumbuyo -

Ngati lamulo likuchotsedwa ndi olamulira opersand (&), chipolopolocho chimapanga lamulo lovomerezeka - ndiko kuti, chipolopolo sichiyembekezera kuti amalize kumaliza lamulo lotsatira.

Chikhalidwe choyendetsa lamulo kumbuyo ndi:

lamulo1 & [command2 & ...]

Ngati chipolopolocho sichiyanjana, lamulo lothandizira la lamulo lovomerezeka likuyikidwa ku / dev / null

Zolemba - Kawirikawiri Kulankhula

Mndandanda ndi mndandanda wa zero kapena malamulo omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi mauthenga atsopano, semicolons, kapena ampersands, ndipo mwachindunji amathetsedwa ndi chimodzi mwa zilembo zitatuzi. Malamulo omwe ali m'ndandanda akuchitidwa mu dongosolo lomwe lalembedwa. Ngati lamulo likutsatiridwa ndi ampersand, chipolopolocho chimayambira lamulo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapita ku lamulo lotsatira; ngati simukuyembekezera kuti lamulo lichotsedwe musanapitirizebe.

Mndandanda wa Masalimo Ochepa

`` && '' ndi `` || '' ali olemba AL-OR list. `` && '' amachititsa lamulo loyambalo, ndiyeno amachita lamulo lachiwiri iff kutuluka kwa lamulo loyamba ndi zero. `` || '' ndi ofanana, koma amachititsa lamulo lachiwiri iff kutuluka kwa lamulo loyamba ndi nonzero. `` && '' ndi `` || '' onse ali ndi chinthu chofanana.

Kuyenda-Kumanga Kumangapo - ngati, ngakhale, kwa, vuto

Chidule cha lamulo ngati

ngati mndandanda
ndiye mndandanda
[mndandanda wa elif
ndiye mndandanda] ...
[mndandanda wina]
fi

Chidule cha lamulolo ndilo

pamene mndandanda
lembani mndandanda
zatha

Mndandanda wazinthu ziwirizi zimayankhidwa mobwerezabwereza pamene udindo wochoka pa mndandanda woyamba ndi zero. Kufikira lamulo liri lofanana, koma liri ndi mawu mpaka mmalo mwa nthawi, zomwe zimayambitsa izo kubwereza mpaka mkhalidwe wotuluka pa mndandanda woyamba ndi zero.

Chidule cha lamulo ndi

kwa mawu osinthika ...
lembani mndandanda
zatha

Mawuwo akufutukulidwa, ndiyeno mndandanda umayankhidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kusintha kosinthidwa ku liwu lirilonse. kuchita ndi kuchita kungasinthidwe ndi `` {'' ndi ``} ''

Chidule cha kupumula ndi kupitiriza lamulo ndi

kuswa [num]
pitirizani [num]

Bwetsani kumapeto kwa chiwerengero cha mkati kapena pakutha. Pitirizani kupitilira ndi kuthamanga kwina kwa mkati. Izi zimayendetsedwa monga malamulo omveka.

Chidule cha lamuloli ndi

mawu amodzi
pulogalamu) ;;
...
esac

Chitsanzo chingakhale chimodzi kapena zingapo (onani Zitsanzo za Shell zomwe zafotokozedwa kenako), zolekanitsidwa ndi '`' 'zilembo.

Malamulo Ogwirizanitsa Pamodzi

Malamulo angaguluke powlemba

(mndandanda)

kapena

{list;

Yoyamba mwa izi imapereka malamulo m'ndandanda. Malamulo omangidwira omwe ali m'gulu (mndandanda) sangakhudze chigamba chamakono. Fomu yachiwiri siimapanganso chipolopolo china ndipo chimakhala chophweka kwambiri. Malemba a magulu pamodzi mwa njirayi amakulolani kutumizira zotsatira zawo monga ngati pulogalamu imodzi:

{printf hello; printf world \ n ";}> moni

Ntchito

Mphatikiti wa ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi

dzina () lamulo

Tsatanetsatane wa ntchito ndi mawu okhwima; pamene atayikidwa imayika ntchito yomwe imatchedwa dzina ndipo imabweretsanso kutuluka kwa zero. Lamulo kawirikawiri ndi mndandanda wotsekedwa pakati `` `{'' ndi` `} ''

Zosintha zingayesedwe kukhala zowona kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lapafupi. Izi ziyenera kuoneka ngati ndondomeko yoyamba ya ntchito, ndipo mawu a syntax ndi

m'deralo [zosintha | -] ...

Mderalo akugwiritsidwa ntchito monga lamulo lopangidwa.

Pamene kusintha kumapangidwira kumalo, kumachokera ku mtengo woyambirira ndi kutumizidwa ndi mabanki a readonly kuchokera pamasinthidwe omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo m'madera oyandikana nawo, ngati alipo. Apo ayi, kusintha kumeneku kumayambitsa. Chipolopolocho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka, kotero kuti ngati mutapanga chosinthika x mderalo kuti mugwire ntchito f, yomwe imayitanitsa ntchito g, zizindikiro za variable X zopangidwa mkati mwa g zidzatanthauzira kusintha kwa x kufotokozedwa m'kati mwa f, osati kusintha kotchedwa x .

Njira yokhayo yapadera yomwe ingapangidwe kuderali ndi `` - '' Kupanga `` - '' malo amtundu uliwonse wa zipolopolo zomwe amasinthidwa kudzera mwa lamulo loyikidwa mkati mwa ntchito kuti abwererenso kuzinthu zawo zoyambirira pamene ntchito ikubwerera.

Chidule cha lamulo lobwerera ndi

bwererani [kutuluka

Ichotsa ntchito yomwe ikugwira ntchito pakalipano. Kubwezeretsedwa kumayendetsedwa monga lamulo lopangidwa.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi Parameters

Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi magawo. Choyimira chizindikiro chotchedwa dzina chimatchedwa chosinthika. Poyamba, chipolopolocho chimasintha mitundu yonse ya chilengedwe muzoyika zipolopolo. Mitundu yatsopano ingathe kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe

dzina = mtengo

Zosintha zosankhidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kukhala ndi dzina lokhala ndi zilembo za alfabeti, ziwerengero, ndi zowonjezereka - zoyamba zomwe siziyenera kukhala zowerengeka. Chiwerengero chingathenso kutchulidwa ndi chiwerengero kapena chikhalidwe chapadera monga momwe tafotokozera pansipa.

Posintha Zolemba

Maimidwe ake ali ndi chiwerengero cha nambala (n> 0). Chipolopolocho chimayika izi poyamba kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi ziganizo zake za mzere wotsatira zomwe zimatchedwa dzina la shell shell. Chokhazikitsidwa (1) builtin chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa kapena kuwakhazikitsanso.

Special Parameters

Chinthu chapadera ndichoyimira chinthu chimodzi chotsatira. Mtengo wa parameter watchulidwa pafupi ndi khalidwe lake.

*

Amagawira ku magawo ena, kuyambira pa chimodzi. Pamene kufalikira kumachitika mkati mwa chingwe chophatikizidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumapita kumunda umodzi ndi mtengo wa parameter iliyonse yolekanitsidwa ndi khalidwe loyamba la kusintha kwa IFS , kapena ndi ngati IFS ikasintha.

@

Amagawira ku magawo ena, kuyambira pa chimodzi. Pamene kufalikira kumachitika mkati mwazigawo ziwiri, ndondomeko iliyonse yowonjezera imayambira ngati ndemanga yosiyana. Ngati mulibe magawo ena, kufalikira kwa @ kumabweretsa zero, ngakhale pamene @tchulidwa kawiri. Zomwe kwenikweni izi zikutanthawuza, mwachitsanzo, ngati $ 1 ndi `` abc '' ndi $ 2 ndi `` def ghi '' ndiye Qq $ @ ikuwonjezera pa zifukwa ziwiri:

abc def ghi

#

Kuwonjezeka ku chiwerengero cha magawo ena.

?

Akufutukula ku nthawi yotuluka yaipi yaposachedwapa.

- (Hyphen.)

Akuwonjezeka pazomwe zilipo pakalipopu (maina omwe amalemba makalata amodzi omwe amatsindikizidwa mu chingwe) monga momwe akufotokozera pa kupempha, mwa lamulo lokhazikitsidwa, kapena mwachindunji ndi chipolopolo.

$

Ikuwonjezera ku chidziwitso cha ndondomeko ya chigoba cholowetsedwa. Chigwirizano chimakhala ndi mtengo womwewo wa $ monga kholo lake.

!

Ikulongosola ku chidziwitso cha ndondomeko ya lamulo lachidule lakumbuyo lomwe lapangidwa kuchokera ku chigamba chamakono. Kwa bomba, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ndiyo ya lamulo lomaliza muipiipi.

0 (Zero.)

Amawonjezera kwa dzina la chipolopolo kapena chipolopolo cha shell.

Kufotokozera Mawu

Ndimeyi ikufotokoza zosiyana siyana zomwe zimachitika m'mawu. Osati kufotokoza konse kumachitidwa pa liwu lirilonse, monga tafotokozera mtsogolo.

Tidde expansions, parameter expansions, kuika m'malo m'malo, kusindikiza masamu, ndi kuchotsa mawu omwe amapezeka mu mawu amodzi kupita kumunda umodzi. Ndikutambasula munda kapena njira yowonjezera yomwe ingapangitse minda yambiri kuchokera ku mawu amodzi. Chokhachokha ku lamulo ili ndikulandikira kwapadera parameter @ mkati mwa ndondomeko ziwiri, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Lamulo la mawu okulitsa ndi:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa Tilde, Kuwonjezeka kwa Parameter, Kuyika Malamulo, Kukulitsa kwa Amithenga (zonsezi zimachitika panthawi yomweyo).
2. Kusambala Munda kumachitika pazinthu zopangidwa ndi sitepe (1) kupatula ngati kusintha kwa IFS kulibe.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa dzina lachinsinsi (pokhapokha kukhazikitsidwa - f kumagwira ntchito).
4. Kuchotsa Kuchotsa.

Makhalidwe a $ akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kufalikira kwapadera, kulangizira m'malo, kapena kulingalira kwa masamu.

Kuwonjezeka kwa Tilde (kusinthanso kasitomala a kunyumba & # 39; s kunyumba)

Mawu oyambira ndi chikhalidwe chosasinthika (~) akuyenera kukulitsa kufalikira. Anthu onse omwe amawalemba kuti awathe (/) kapena mapeto a mawu amachitiridwa ngati dzina lakutumizirana ndipo amalowetsedwa ndizomwe amalemba kunyumba. Ngati dzina lache likusowa (monga ~ / foobar) tilde imalowetsedwa ndi mtengo wa chosinthidwa kunyumba (nyumba yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito).

Kuwonjezeka kwa Parameter

Chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa parameter ndi chonchi:

kumene mawu ali ndi malembo onse mpaka "` `'' Yoyamba` `} '' inathawa ndi kubwerera kumbuyo kapena pamtundu wotchulidwa, ndi zilembo zomwe zili m'gulu la zilembo zovomerezeka, zosinthidwa, ndi zosinthika zosiyana, sizikuyankhidwa zofanana ndi ``} ''

Fomu yosavuta yowonjezereka ndi:

Mtengo, ngati ulipo, wapadera umaloledwa.

Dzina lapadera kapena chizindikiro likhoza kulowetsedwa mu bulcesti, zomwe ndizosankha kupatulapo magawo ena okhala ndi chiwerengero chimodzi kapena pamene parameter ikutsatiridwa ndi khalidwe lomwe lingatanthauzidwe ngati gawo la dzina. Ngati kupititsa patsogolo kwapadera kumapezeka mkati mwazolemba ziwiri:

1. Kukulitsa kwa dzina sikunayende pa zotsatira za kukula.
2. Kugawanika kwa munda sikuchitika pa zotsatira za kukula, kupatulapo @.

Kuonjezerapo, kukula kwapadera kungasinthidwe pogwiritsa ntchito chimodzi mwazigawo zotsatirazi.

Gwiritsani ntchito Makhalidwe Osasintha. Ngati parameter isasinthe kapena yosasintha, kufalikira kwa mawu kumalowa m'malo; Apo ayi, mtengo wa parameter umalowe m'malo.

Perekani Zosintha Zosintha. Ngati parameter isasinthe kapena yosasunthika, kufalikira kwa mawu kumaperekedwa kwa parameter. Nthawi zonse, mtengo wotsiriza wa parameter umalowetsamo. Mitundu yokha, osati magawo apadera kapena magawo apadera, angaperekedwe motere.

Onetsani Cholakwika Ngati Chisokonezo Kapena Chisanthane. Ngati parameter isasokonezedwe kapena yosasinthika, kufalikira kwa mawu (kapena uthenga wosonyeza kuti sichiyankhidwa ngati mawu sakutha) wagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zolakwika zofanana ndipo chipolopolocho chimachokera ndi udindo wa nonzero exit. Apo ayi, mtengo wa parameter umalowe m'malo. Chigoba chophatikizana sichiyenera kuchoka.

Gwiritsani Ntchito Mtengo Wapatali. Ngati parameter isasinthe kapena yosasintha, palibe chomwe chimalowetsedwa; Apo ayi, kukula kwa mawu kumalowa m'malo.

Muzigawo zosonyeza zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kale, gwiritsani ntchito koloni muzotsatira zotsatira mu mayesero a chigawo chimene chosasintha kapena chosasintha; Kusiya kwa colon kumayesa muyeso kwa chigawo chimene chimangosintha.

Utali wamkati. Kutalika mu zilembo za mtengo wa parameter.

Zowonjezera zinayi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimapereka chingwe cholowera m'malo. Pachifukwa chilichonse, chitsanzo chofanana (onani Zitsanzo za Shell), m'malo mowonetsera nthawi zonse, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana machitidwe. Ngati parameter ndi * kapena @, zotsatira zazowonjezera sizidziwika. Kutseka chingwe chokwanira chapakati pazolemba ziwiri sizimayambitsa mitundu iwiri yotsatira ya malemba, koma kugwilitsila nchito zilembo mkati mwa braces zili ndi zotsatirazi.

Chotsani Chitsanzo Chaching'ono Chachizindikiro. Mawuwo akufutukulidwa kuti apange chitsanzo. Kukula kwapadera kumabweretsa zotsatira, ndi gawo laling'ono la chiwerengero chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chitsanzocho chatsegulidwa.

Chotsani Chitsanzo Chachikulu Chakumbuyo. Mawuwo akufutukulidwa kuti apange chitsanzo. Kuwonjezeka kwapadera kumabweretsa zotsatira, ndi gawo lalikulu la chiwerengero chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chitsanzocho chatsegulidwa.

Chotsani Chitsanzo Chaching'ono Kwambiri. Mawuwo akufutukulidwa kuti apange chitsanzo. Kukula kwapadera kumabweretsa zotsatira, ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chiyambi chomwe chikufanana ndi chitsanzocho chatsekedwa.

Chotsani Chofunika Kwambiri Chotsatira. Mawuwo akufutukulidwa kuti apange chitsanzo. Kukula kwapadera kumabweretsa zotsatira, ndi gawo lalikulu la chiyambidwe chomwe chikufanana ndi chitsanzocho chatsegulidwa.

Lamulo lokhazikitsidwa

Lamulo lolowetsa likulola zotsatira za lamulo kuti zilowe m'malo m'malo mwa dzina lokhalokha. Lamulo lokhazikika likuchitika pamene lamulo likuloledwa motere:

$ (lamulo)

kapena Po `` kumbuyo '' pc Pc:

'lamulo'

Chipolopolocho chimaphatikizapo malonjezowo m'malo mwa kuyika chilolezo mu malo osungirako zinthu ndi kubwezeretsa chilolezo m'malo mwa lamulo lokhazikitsa lamulo, kuchotsa zotsatira za imodzi kapena zambiri s pamapeto pake. (Zosindikizidwa s kumapeto kwa chiwonongeko sizichotsedwe; komabe, panthawi yogawanika, akhoza kutembenuzidwira ku s, malinga ndi kufunika kwa IFS ndi kubwereza zomwe zikugwira ntchito.)

Kuwonjezeka kwa Arithmetic

Kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso kumapereka njira yowunika kafukufuku wa masamu ndi kusinthitsa mtengo wake. Maonekedwe a kukula kwa masamu ndi awa:

$ ((mawu)

Mawuwo amachitidwa ngati kuti ali mu magawo awiri, kupatula kuti ndondomeko iwiri mkati mwa mawuwo sichichitiridwa mwapadera. Chipolopolocho chimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zonsezo m'mawu owonjezera pa kukula, kuika m'malo, ndi kubwereza.

Kenaka, chipolopolocho chimachita izi ngati chiwonetsero cha masamu ndikusandutsa mtengo wa mawuwo.

White Space Splitting (Field Splitting)

Pambuyo pa kuwonjezereka kwapadera, kulembera mmalo, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masamu chigoba chimayang'ana zotsatira za kuwonjezeka ndi kusinthanitsa komwe sikunapezeke muzinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda zikugawanika ndipo malo angapo amatha.

Chipolopolocho chimagwira khalidwe lililonse la IFS monga delimiter ndikugwiritsa ntchito operekera kugawaniza zotsatira za kukula kwa parameter ndi kuyika m'malo mmalo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa Dzina la Dzina (File Name Generation)

Pokhapokha ngati fikisi itayikidwa, mzere wa dzina la fayilo umachitika pambuyo pogawanitsa mawu kumaliza. Mawu aliwonse amawoneka ngati mndandanda wa machitidwe, olekanitsidwa ndi makina. Ntchito yowonjezera imalowetsa mawuwo ndi mayina a maofesi onse amene alipo omwe mayina awo angapangidwe mwa kuwongolera ndondomeko iliyonse ndi chingwe chomwe chikugwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi. Pali zotsalira ziwiri pa izi: choyamba, chitsanzo sichingafanane ndi chingwe chomwe chili ndi slash, ndipo chachiwiri, chitsanzo sichingafanane ndi chingwe kuyambira nthawi pokhapokha ngati chikhalidwe choyamba cha pulogalamuyi ndi nthawi. Chigawo chotsatira chikufotokozera njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonjezereka pazithunzi komanso lamulo (1).

Makhalidwe a Shell

Pulogalamuyi ili ndi maonekedwe abwino, omwe amadzifananitsa okha, ndi amtundu. Anthu amtunduwu ndi ``! '' `` * '' `` `? '' Ndi` `['' Anthuwa amataya malingaliro awo apadera ngati atchulidwa. Pamene lamulo kapena kusinthika mmalo kumayendetsedwa ndipo chizindikiro cha dola kapena ndemanga zam'mbuyo sizitchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, mtengo wa chosinthika kapena kutuluka kwa lamulo ukuyankhidwa kwa anthuwa ndipo iwo amasandulika kukhala meta-maonekedwe.

Asterisk (`` '' ') ikufanana ndi chingwe chilichonse cha anthu. Chitsimikizo cha funso chikufanana ndi munthu aliyense. Mzere wamanzere (`` ['') umayambitsa gulu la khalidwe. Mapeto a chikhalidwe cha khalidwe amasonyezedwa ndi (`` `'' ') ngati` `]' 'ikusowa ndiye` `[' 'ndi` `[' 'osati kuyika chikhalidwe cha khalidwe. Mndandanda wamasewero umagwirizana ndi zochitika zonse pakati pa mabakiteriya. Mndandanda wa malemba angatchulidwe pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chochepa. Mndandanda wa chikhalidwe ungakhale wothandizidwa pakupanga mfundo yofuula khalidwe loyamba la khalidwe la khalidwe.

Kuti muphatikize `` '' 'mu chikhalidwe cha khalidwe, chikhale choyambirira choyimira (pambuyo pa ``!' 'Ngati kuli). Kuti muphatikize chizindikiro chochepa, chitani chizindikiro choyamba kapena chotsirizira chomwe chilipo

Kumangidwa

Gawoli likutchula malamulo omangidwa omwe ali omangidwa chifukwa akufunikira kuchita ntchito zina zomwe sizingatheke mwa njira yosiyana. Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali malamulo ena angapo omwe angapangidwe bwino (mwachitsanzo 1).

:

Lamulo losasintha lomwe limabwezeretsanso mtengo (0) weniweni wotuluka.

. fayilo

Malamulo mu fayilo yapadera amawerengedwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi chipolopolo.

alias [ dzina [ = chingwe ... ]]

Ngati dzina = chingwe ndilofotokozedwa, chigoba chimatanthauzira dzina lachitsulo ndi chingwe cha mtengo. Ngati dzina lokha likulongosoledwa, mtengo wa dzina lachinyama umasindikizidwa. Popanda kutsutsana, malemba omwe ali nawo amamasulira maina ndi zikhulupiliro zazofotokozedwa bwino (onani ayas)

bg [ ntchito] ...

Pitirizani ntchito yeniyeni (kapena ntchito yamakono ngati palibe ntchito yopatsidwa) kumbuyo.

lamulo la lamulo ...

Ikani lamulo lofotokozedwa. (Izi ndizothandiza mukakhala ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzina lomwelo monga lamulo lopangidwa.)

cd [ zolembera ]

Pitani ku kafukufuku wotchulidwa (default $ HOME) Ngati kulowa kwa CDPATH kumawonekera pa chikhalidwe cha malamulo a cd kapena kusintha kwa chipolopolo CDPATH chikhazikitsidwa ndipo dzina lazomwe silingayambe ndi slash, ndiye zolemba zomwe zili mu CDPATH zifufuzidwa kwa tsatanetsatane wachinsinsi. Maonekedwe a CDPATH ndi ofanana ndi a PATH Mu chigwirizano chophatikizana, lamulo la cd lidasindikiza dzina la bukhulo kuti ilo linasinthidwa ngati izi zikusiyana ndi dzina limene wopatsa adapereka. Izi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana kapena chifukwa chakuti njira ya CDPATH imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chifukwa choyimira chifaniziro chinadutsa.

chingwe chotsatira ...

Gwirizanitsani zokambirana zonse ndi malo. Kenaka kambiranani ndikuchita lamuloli.

exec [ command arg ... ]

Pokhapokha ngati lamulo silichotsedwa, ndondomekoyi imasinthidwa ndi ndondomekoyi (yomwe iyenera kukhala pulogalamu yeniyeni, osati yokhazikika kapena yogwira ntchito). Malingaliro alionse pa lamulo loyika amalembedwa ngati osatha, kotero kuti samasintha pamene lamulo la exec executes lidzatha.

tulukani [ exitstatus ]

Chotsani ndondomekoyi. Ngati exitstatus wapatsidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwonongeko cha chipolopolo; Ngati simungathe kutero, ndiye kuti nthawi yotsalira ya lamulo lapitayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Dzina lakutumiza ...

kutumiza -p

Maina omwe adatchulidwa amatumizidwa kuti adzawonekere kumalo a malamulo omwe amatsatira. Njira yokhayo yothetsera-kutumizira zosinthika ndiyo kuyisintha. Chipolopolocho chimapatsa mtengo wa chosinthika pa nthawi imodzimodziyo utatumizidwa ndi kulemba

kutumiza dzina = mtengo

Popanda kutsutsana lamulo loitanitsa limatchula mayina a mitundu yonse yotumizidwa. Ndiyi -yiyi yotsatilayiyi yowonjezera kuti zotsatirazi zidzapangidwa moyenera kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito.

fc [- e editor ] [ woyamba [ wotsiriza ]

fc -l [- nr ] [ yoyamba ]

fc -s [ chakale = chatsopano ] [ choyamba ]

Mndandanda wa fc , kapena kusintha ndi kubwezeretsanso, malamulo omwe analembedwera kale ku chipolopolo chophatikizana.

-mkonzi

Gwiritsani ntchito mkonzi wotchedwa mkonzi kuti musinthe malamulo. Mndandanda wa chingwe ndi dzina la lamulo, pofufuza kufufuza kwa PATH . Mtengo wa variable FCEDIT umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosasintha pamene- e sunatchulidwe. Ngati FCEDIT ilibe kapena yosasintha, mtengo wa variable EDITOR umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati EDITOR ndi yosasintha kapena sanasinthe, ed (1) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkonzi.

-l (ell)

Lembani malamulowo m'malo moitanitsa mkonzi pa iwo. Malamulowa amalembedwa motsatizana ndi oyambirira ndi omalizira operewera, monga okhudzidwa ndi - r ndi lamulo lililonse lisanayambe ndi nambala ya lamulo.

-n

Pewani manambala amtundu pamene mukulemba ndi -l.

-r

Bweretsani dongosolo la malamulo omwe adatchulidwa (ndi - l kapena osinthidwa (opanda - l kapena s)

-s

Bwezeretsani lamulo popanda kuitanitsa mkonzi.

choyamba

potsiriza

Sankhani malamulo olemba kapena kusintha. Chiwerengero cha malamulo apitalo omwe angapezeke amatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wa kusintha kwa HISTSIZE . Mtengo woyamba kapena wotsiriza kapena zonsezi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi:

[+] nambala

Chiwerengero chabwino choimira nambala ya lamulo; Nambala za malamulo zitha kuwonetsedwa ndi - l .

-nambala

Nambala yosasokoneza yomwe ikuyimira lamulo lomwe linayikidwa chiwerengero cha malamulo poyamba. Mwachitsanzo, -1 ndilo lamulo loyambirira.

chingwe

Chingwe chosonyeza lamulo laposachedwa kwambiri limene limayamba ndi chingwecho. Ngati kale = operand yatsopano siinanenedwenso ndi - mndandanda wa chingwe cha ntchito yoyamba sungakhale ndi chizindikiro chofanana.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zimakhudza kuchitidwa kwa fc:

FCEDIT

Dzina la mkonzi kuti ligwiritse ntchito.

ZIZINDIKIRO

Chiwerengero cha malamulo apitalo omwe amapezeka.

fg [ ntchito ]

Sungani ntchito yeniyeni kapena ntchito yomwe ilipo panopa.

chotsani optstring var

POSIX imayankha , kuti asasokonezedwe ndi Bell Labs -yomwe yapezeka (1).

Mgwirizano woyamba uyenera kukhala makalata osiyanasiyana, omwe angakhale otsogolera atsatiridwa ndi colon kuti asonyeze kuti njirayo imafuna kukangana. Zosintha zomwe zafotokozedwa zimayikidwa pa njira yosokonekera.

Lamulo la getopts limalepheretsa kale getopt (1) zogwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kuyendetsa mikangano yomwe ili ndi whitespace.

The getopts builtin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza zofunikira ndi zifukwa zawo kuchokera mndandanda wa magawo. Mukayitanitsa, yambani phindu la chotsatira chotsatira kuchokera ku chingwe chachitsulo mu mndandanda wa chiwerengero cha chipolopolo chomwe chafotokozedwa ndi var ndipo ndilo ndondomeko yosinthidwa ndi chipolopolo OPTIND Pamene chipolopolo chiyankhidwa , OPTIND imayambitsidwa ku 1. Mwa njira iliyonse yomwe imafuna Mtsutsano, buildopts builtin idzayiyika mu chipolopolo chosasankhidwa OPTARG Ngati chisankho sichiloledwa mu optstring ndiye OPTARG idzasintha.

Optstring ndi mndandanda wa makalata ozindikiritsidwa. Ngati kalata ikutsatiridwa ndi coloni, njirayo ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mkangano umene ukhoza kukhala wosagwirizana nawo ndi malo oyera. Ngati chotsatira chikhalidwe sichipezeka komwe akuyembekezeredwa, mayendedwe adzasintha variable var kuti ``? '' Getopts adzasintha OPTARG ndi kulemba zotsatira ku zolakwika. Mwa kuwonetsera koloni ngati khalidwe loyamba la optstring zolakwa zonse lidzanyalanyazidwa .

Ndalama yowonjezera imabweretsedwa pamene njira yotsiriza ifikira. Ngati palibe zifukwa zotsalira, getopts idzapatsa mwayi wapadera, `` - '' mwinamwake, ikani var kuti ``? ''

Chigawo chotsatira cha Chizindikiro chimasonyeza momwe wina angagwiritsire ntchito zifukwa za lamulo lomwe lingatenge zosankha [a] ndi [b] ndi chisankho [c] chimene chimafuna kukangana.

pamene getopts abc: f
chitani
mlandu $ f mkati
a | b) mbendera = $ f ;;
c) carg = $ OPTARG ;;
\?) echo $ USAGE; tulukani 1 ;;
esac
zatha
kusinthana `expr $ OPTIND - 1`

Lamuloli lilandira chilichonse mwa zotsatirazi:

thumb
fayilo ya cmd -a -c gha mafayilo
cmd -carg -a fayilo fayilo
cmd -a -carg - fayilo fayilo

lamulo la- hash ...

Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi gome la hash limene limakumbukira malo a malamulo. Popanda zifukwa zilizonse, lamulo la hash limatulutsa zomwe zili mu tebulo ili. Zolembera zomwe sizinayang'ane kuyambira pamene lamulo lomaliza la cd limatchulidwa ndi asterisk; N'zotheka kuti zolemberazi zikhale zosayenera.

Ndi kutsutsana, lamulo la hash limachotsa malamulo omwe akupezeka kuchokera pa tebulo la hash (pokhapokha ngati atagwira ntchito) ndiyeno amawapeza. Pogwiritsa ntchito - v kusankha, hash imajambula malo a malamulo pamene akuwapeza. Chosankhacho chimayambitsa lamulo la hash kuchotsa zonse zolembedwera mu tebulo lahafi kupatula ntchito.

jobid [ ntchito ]

Sindikirani zomwe id idakonza pazochitika. Ngati kukangana kwa ntchito sikuchotsedwa, ntchito yamakono ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

ntchito

Lamulo ili limatchula njira zonse zomwe zimayambira m'mbuyo zomwe ziri ana a ndondomeko yamakono.

pwd

Sindikirani bukhu lamakono. Lamulo lokhazikitsidwa lingakhale losiyana ndi pulogalamu ya dzina lomwelo chifukwa lamulo lokonzekera limakumbukira zomwe mauthenga amasiku ano aliri mmalo mowakumbutsa nthawi iliyonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti lifulumire. Komabe, ngati makalata omwe ali pakali pano atchulidwanso, pulogalamu yowonjezera ya pwd idzapitiriza kusindikiza dzina lakale lawongolera .

werengani [- p prompt ] [- r ] osinthika ...

Pulogalamuyi imasindikizidwa ngati p - p option ikufotokozedwa ndipo kulowera kwazomwe ndizothera. Kenaka mzere wawerengedwa kuchokera kuzolowera. Mndandanda wamtundu watsopano umachotsedwa pa mzere ndipo mzerewu umagawanitsidwa monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo la kugawidwa kwa mawu pamwambapa, ndipo zidutswazo zimaperekedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kusintha kwachinthu chimodzi chiyenera kufotokozedwa. Ngati pali zidutswa zambiri kuposa zosiyana, zidutswa zina (kuphatikizapo zilembo za IFS zomwe zinasiyanitsa) zimapatsidwa kusintha kotsiriza. Ngati pali mitundu yambiri kusiyana ndi zidutswa, zotsalirazo zimapatsidwa chingwe cha null. Kuwerenga kwina kudzawonetsa kupambana pokhapokha ngati EOF ikukumana ndi zolembera, ndiye kuti kulephera kubwezeretsedwa.

Mwachinsinsi, pokhapokha ngati_nkhaniyi yatsimikiziridwa, kubwerera mmbuyo `` `'' kumakhala ngati khalidwe lothawa, kuchititsa khalidwe lotsatila kuti lichitire. Ngati kubwezeretsedwa kumatsatiridwa ndi newline, kubwerera mmbuyo ndi newline zichotsedwa.

dzina lowerenga ...

readonly -p

Mayina omwe adatchulidwawa amalembedwa ngati akuwerengedwa, kotero kuti sangathe kusintha kapena kusasintha. Chigoba chimapangitsa kuti phindu la chosinthika likhale lofanana ndi lolembedwa

readonly dzina = mtengo

Popanda kutsutsana, lamulo la readonly limatchula mayina onse awerengedwe. Ndiyi -yiyi yotsatilayiyi yowonjezera kuti zotsatirazi zidzapangidwa moyenera kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito.

ikani [{- zosankha | + zosankha | - ...

Lamulo loyikidwa limagwira ntchito zitatu zosiyana.

Popanda kutsutsana, imatchula zikhalidwe za zigoba zonse.

Ngati mungapereke zosankha, zimayika ndondomeko yoyenera, kapena kuwasintha monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo lotchedwa Sx Argument List Processing.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachitatu kwa lamulo loyikidwa ndiko kukhazikitsa miyeso ya zigawo zapakati paziganizo ku ziganizo zomwe zafotokozedwa. Kusintha malingaliro anu popanda kusintha zosankha zilizonse, gwiritsani ntchito `` - '' monga ndemanga yoyamba kukhazikitsa. Ngati palibe args alipo, lamulo lokhazikitsa lidzachotsa zonse zomwe zilipo (zofanana ndi kuchita `` kusintha $ #. ''

mtengo wosinthika

Amapereka mtengo kwa kusintha. (Mwachidziwikire ndi bwino kulemba kusintha = mtengo kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito setvar setvar cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito zomwe zimapereka chiyero kwa mitundu yomwe mayina awo aperekedwa ngati magawo.)

kusinthana [ n ]

Sungani magawo anu pa nthawi. Kusintha kumaika mtengo wa $ 1 ku mtengo wa $ 2 mtengo wa $ 2 ku mtengo wa $ 3 ndi zina zotero, kuchepetsa mtengo wa $ # ndi umodzi. Ngati n yaikulu kuposa chiwerengero cha malo, kusintha kwake kudzapangitsa uthenga wolakwika, ndipo tulukani ndi chikhalidwe chobwezera 2.

nthawi

Sinthani nthawi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthawi ya chigwirizano ndi zomwe zimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku chipolopolo. Mkhalidwe wobwerera ndi 0.

Chizindikiro chachitsulo cha msampha ...

Chifukwa chipolopolocho chiwonongeke ndikuchitapo kanthu pamene chizindikiro chilichonse chodziwika chikulandidwa. Zisonyezo zimatchulidwa ndi nambala ya chizindikiro. Ngati chizindikiro ndi 0 zomwe zimachitika pamene chipolopolo chikuchoka. chochita chingakhale chosasunthika kapena `` - '' choyambitsa chimachititsa kuti chizindikiro chodziwikiratu chisasamalidwe ndipo zotsatirazi zimapangitsa kuti chinthu chosasintha chichitike. Pamene chipolopolo chikugwedeza pansi , imatsitsimutsa chizindikiro (koma chosasamala) kuchitapo kanthu chosasinthika. Msampha wakulamulira sungakhudzidwe ndi zizindikiro zosanyalanyazidwa polowera chipolopolocho.

mtundu [ dzina ... ]

Tanthawuzani dzina lirilonse ngati lamulo ndikusindikiza ndondomeko ya kufufuza kwa lamulo. Zolinga zotheka ndizo: Key Keyword, alias, shell builtin , command, alias kufufuza ndipo sanapezeke. Kwazowonjezereka kufalikira kwina kusindikizidwa; kwa malamulo ndi zizindikiro zofufuzidwa njira yoyenera ya lamulo imasindikizidwa.

ulimit [- H -S ] [- a-tfdscmlpn [ mtengo ]]

Funsani za kapena kuika malire ovuta kapena ofewa pazinthu kapena kukhazikitsa malire atsopano. Kusankha pakati pa malire ovuta (omwe palibe chilolezo chimaloledwa kuti chiphwanyidwe, ndi chomwe sichidzaukitsidwe kamodzi chitatsitsidwa) ndi malire ofewetsa (omwe amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zidziwike koma osati kuphedwa, ndi zomwe zingadzutse) zimapangidwa ndi mabendera awa:

-H

khalani kapena funsani za malire ovuta

-S

khalani kapena funsani za malire ofewa. Ngati palibe - H ndi S - atchulidwa, malirewo amawonetsedwa kapena zonsezi zimayikidwa. Ngati onse atchulidwa, omaliza amapambana.

Malire oti azifunsidwa kapena kusankhidwa, ndiye, amasankhidwa posonyeza aliyense wa ma dragila awa:

-a

onetsani malire onse omwe alipo

-t

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa CPU nthawi (mumphindi)

-f

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa fayilo yaikulu kwambiri yomwe ingapangidwe (mu 512-byte blocks)

-d

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa kukula kwa gawo la deta ya njira (mu kilobytes)

-s

onetsani kapena muike malire pa kukula kwa masitidwe (mu kilobytes)

-c

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa kukula kwakukulu kwa kukula kwapakati komwe kungapangidwe (mu 512-byte zibokosi)

-m

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa chikumbu chonse cha thupi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira (mu kilobytes)

-l

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa kuchuluka kwa momwe kukumbukira kukutsekera ndi mlock (2) (mu kilobytes )

-p

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa chiwerengero cha njira zomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo angakhale nazo nthawi imodzi

-n

onetsani kapena kuyika malire pa mafayilo a nambala njira ikhoza kutseguka kamodzi

Ngati palibe mwazinthu izi, ndilo malire pa kukula kwa fayilo yomwe imawonetsedwa kapena yosankhidwa. Ngati mtengo waperekedwa, malire aikidwa ku chiwerengero chimenecho; mwinamwake malire amakono akuwonetsedwa.

Zogwirizana ndi njira zowonongeka zimatha kusankhidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito sysctl (8).

umask [ mask ]

Ikani mtengo wa umask (onani umask (2)) ku mtengo wapadera wa octal. Ngati kutsutsana sikulephereka, mtengo wa umask umasindikizidwa.

ulias [- a ] [ dzina ]

Ngati dzina limatchulidwa, chipolopolocho chichotsa zinthuzo. Ngati - a , ndondomeko zonse zimachotsedwa.

dzina losasintha ...

Mitundu yowonongeka ndi ntchito sizimasinthidwa ndipo sizimatumizidwa. Ngati dzina lopatsidwa likugwirizana ndi zonse zosinthika ndi ntchito, zonse zosinthika ndi ntchito sizimasintha.

dikirani [ ntchito ]

Yembekezani ntchito yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kukwaniritsa ndi kubwezeretsanso nthawi yomwe achoka pa ntchito yomaliza. Ngati kukangana sikulephereka, dikirani ntchito zonse kuti zitsirize ndi kubwezeretsa chikhalidwe cha zero.

Lonjezani Kusintha kwa Mzere

Pamene sh ikugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana kuchokera ku chithokomiro, lamulo lamakono ndi mbiri ya lamulo (onani fc mu Sx Builtins) ikhoza kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito vi-mode mode-line editing. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito malamulo, omwe ali pansipa, ofanana ndi chigawo cha anthu omwe afotokozedwa patsamba la munthu. Lamulo lakuti 'setani' -o limapangitsa kusintha kwa machitidwe ndikupangidwira mkati. Ndi vi-mode enabled, sh ingasinthidwe pakati insert mode ndi command mode. Mkonzi sakunenedwa kwathunthu apa, koma adzakhala mu chilemba chatsopano. Ziri zofanana ndi vi: Kulemba Aq ESC kukuponyerani mu lamulo la malamulo VI. Kumenya Aq kubwerera pamene mu mode mode idzadutsa mzere ku chipolopolo.

Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.