Mau oyamba
Linux yolemba grep imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yowonetsera zopindulitsa.
GREP imaimira Global Regular Printing Printer ndipo kotero kuti muigwiritse ntchito moyenera, muyenera kudziwa zambiri pazowonjezera.
M'nkhaniyi, ndikuwonetsani zitsanzo zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumvetsa lamulo la grep.
01 ya 09
Mmene Mungayesere Mzere Mu A File Pogwiritsa Ntchito GREP
Tangoganizirani kuti muli ndi fayilo yolembedwa pamabuku ndi zotsatirazi:
- Robin Hood
- Kakachipewa kofiyira kakang'ono kokwera
- Peter Pan
- Mitembo Yambiri ndi Zitsulo Zitatu
- Chipale Chofewa Ndiponso Achisanu Ndi chiwiri
- Pinnochio
- Mphaka Mu Chipewa
- Nkhumba Zitatu Zochepa
- Gruffalo
- Charlie Ndi Chokoleti Chokoleti
Kuti mupeze mabuku onse okhala ndi mawu oti "The" pamutu mungagwiritse ntchito mawu ofanana awa:
Grep Mabuku
Zotsatira zotsatirazi zidzabwezedwa:
- Mitembo Yambiri ndi Zitsulo Zitatu
- Chipale Chofewa Ndiponso Achisanu Ndi chiwiri
- Mphaka Mu Chipewa
- Nkhumba Zitatu Zochepa
- Gruffalo
- Charlie Ndi Chokoleti Chokoleti
Pazifukwa zonse, mawu akuti "The" adzawonetsedwa.
Onani kuti kufufuza ndi kovuta ngati wina wa maudindo ali ndi "a" mmalo mwa "The" ndiye kuti sakanabwezedwa.
Kusanyalanyaza nkhaniyi mungathe kuwonjezera chosintha ichi:
Lembani mabuku - signign-case
Mungagwiritsenso ntchito i -izisintha motere:
grep -i mabuku
02 a 09
Fufuzani Mphindi Mu A File Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zakale
Lamulo la grep ndi lamphamvu kwambiri. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera njira kuti muzitsuka zotsatira.
Mu chitsanzo ichi, ndikuwonetsani momwe mungafufuzire chingwe mu fayilo pogwiritsira ntchito wildcards .
Tangoganizani muli ndi fayilo yotchedwa malo ndi maina a malo a Scottish otsatirawa:
aberdeen
aberystwyth
chibwibwi
inverurie
kusokoneza
newburgh
nyanga yatsopano
zatsopano
glasgow
edinburgh
Ngati mukufuna kupeza malo onse ndi inver mu dzina gwiritsani ntchito syntax yotsatira:
gwiritsani malo amtundu
The asterisk (*) zakutchire amaimira 0 kapena ambiri. Choncho ngati muli ndi malo otchedwa inver kapena malo otchedwa inverness ndiye onse awiri adzabwezeretsedwa.
Nyamayi ina yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi nthawi (.). Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito izi pofanana ndi kalata imodzi.
gwiritsani malo a inver.r
Lamulo lapamwambalo likanakhoza kupeza malo otchedwa inverurie ndi inverary koma sapeza chipangizo chodziwitsira chifukwa pangakhale kanyumba kamodzi kokha pakati pa awiriwa monga momwe amachitira nthawi imodzi.
Nthawi ya wildcard ndi yothandiza koma ingayambitse mavuto ngati muli ndi gawo limodzi la zomwe mukufufuza.
Mwachitsanzo, yang'anani mndandanda wa mayina a mayina
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- anthuwa
- adalowinali.info
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- direct.gov.uk
Kuti mupeze zonse za.com.com mukhoza kungofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito mawuwa:
grep * za * domainnames
Lamulo ili pamwamba likanakhoza kugwa pansi ngati mndandanda uli ndi dzina lotsatira mmenemo:
- everydaylinuxuser.com/about.html
Choncho, mutha kuyesa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
grep * about.com mafayilo
Izi zingagwire bwino pokhapokha pali malo omwe ali ndi dzina lotsatira:
aboutycom.com
Kuti mufufuze mawu akuti about.com muyenera kuthawa ndi dotolo motere:
grep * za \ .com domainnames
Sitimayi yotsiriza kukuwonetsani kuti ndilo chizindikiro chomwe chikuyimira zero kapena khalidwe limodzi.
Mwachitsanzo:
zojambulajambula
Lamulo ili pamwamba likanabwerera aberdeen, aberystwyth kapena berwick.
03 a 09
Fufuzani Zida Zachiyambi Pa Chiyambi ndi Mapeto a Mzere Pogwiritsa ntchito grep
Carat (^) ndi chizindikiro cha dola ($) zimakulolani kuti mufufuze mapepala kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa mizere.
Tangoganizirani kuti muli ndi fayilo yotchedwa mpira ndi maina awa:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- Manchester City
- Mzinda wa Leicester
- Manchester United
- Newcastle United
- FC United ya Manchester
Ngati mukufuna kupeza magulu onse omwe anayamba ndi Manchester mungagwiritse ntchito mawu ofanana awa:
Dulani ^ magulu a Manchester
Lamulo lapamwamba likanatha kubwerera ku Manchester City ndi Manchester United koma osati FC United Of Manchester.
Mwinanso mungapeze magulu onse omwe akumaliza ndi United pogwiritsa ntchito syntax yotsatira:
Lembani United $ magulu
Lamulo ili pamwambalo lidzabwerera ku Manchester United ndi Newcastle United koma osati FC United Of Manchester.
04 a 09
Kuwerengera Chiwerengero Cha MaseĊµero Kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi
Ngati simukufuna kubwezeretsa mizere yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku koma mumangofuna kudziwa kuti ndi angati omwe mungagwiritse ntchito zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
grep -c chitsanzo chitsanzo
Ngati ndondomekoyi idafanane kawiri ndiye nambala 2 idzabwezeredwa.
05 ya 09
Kupeza Zonse Zomwe Zilibe Zomwe Muli Mgwirizano pogwiritsa ntchito grep
Tangoganizani muli ndi mndandanda wa mayina a malo ndi mayiko omwe atchulidwa motere:
- aberdeen scotland
- glasgow scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay
- london england
Mwinamwake mwazindikira kuti dera la colwyn liribe dziko loyanjana nayo.
Kuti mufufuze malo onse ndi dziko mungagwiritse ntchito zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
Dulani malo $ malo
Zotsatira zimabwerera kudzakhala malo onse kupatulapo colwyn bay.
Izi mwachiwonekere zimagwira ntchito kumalo omwe amatha kumtunda (osasayansi).
Mukhoza kusokoneza zosankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omasulira awa:
Malo odyera a grep -v
Izi zikhoza kupeza malo onse omwe sanathe ndi nthaka.
06 ya 09
Mmene Mungapezere Mitambo Yopanda Mu Maofesi Pogwiritsa ntchito grep
Tangoganizirani kuti muli ndi fayilo yophatikiza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina yemwe amalephera kuwerenga fayilo pamene akupeza mzere wopanda kanthu motere:
- aberdeen scotland
- inverness scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay wales
Pamene ntchitoyi ifika pamzere pambuyo pa liverpool idzaleka kuwerenga tanthauzo la colwyn bay laphonyedwa.
Mungagwiritse ntchito grep kufufuza mizere yopanda kanthu ndi mawu otsatila awa:
malo a $ $
Mwamwayi izi sizothandiza makamaka chifukwa zimangobweretsanso mizere yopanda kanthu.
Mungathe kupeza chiwerengero cha mizere yopanda kanthu ngati cheke kuti muwone ngati fayilo ili yoyenera motere:
malo a grep -c ^ $
Zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kudziwa manambala a mzere omwe ali ndi mzere wosalongosoka kuti muthe kuwathetsa. Mungathe kuchita izi ndi lamulo lotsatira:
grep -n ^ $ malo
07 cha 09
Mmene Mungayesere Zokonda Za Anthu Ochepa Kapena Ochepa Pogwiritsa ntchito zida
Kugwiritsira ntchito grep mungathe kudziwa mizere yomwe muli fayilo muli ndi zilembo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa:
grep '[AZ]' filename
Mabakiteriya aakulu [] akuloleni muzindikire mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo cha pamwambachi chikugwirizana ndi khalidwe lililonse lomwe liri pakati pa A ndi Z.
Choncho kuti mufanane ndi zilembo zochepetsetsa mungagwiritse ntchito zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
grep '[az]' filename
Ngati mukufuna kufanana ndi makalata osati zilembo kapena zizindikiro zina mungagwiritse ntchito syntax yotsatirayi:
grep '[a-zA-Z]' filename
Mungathe kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi manambala motere:
grep '[0-9]' filename
08 ya 09
Kuyang'ana Kubwereza Zitsanzo Pogwiritsa ntchito zamkati
Mungagwiritse ntchito mabakoketi ophimba {} kuti mufufuze kachitidwe kowonjezera.
Tangoganizani muli ndi fayilo ndi nambala za foni motere:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
Mukudziwa kuti gawo loyambirira la chiwerengerocho likuyenera kukhala ndi manambala atatu ndipo mukufuna kupeza mizere yosagwirizana ndi chitsanzo ichi.
Kuchokera mu chitsanzo choyambirira mukudziwa kuti [0-9] amabwezera manambala onse mu fayilo.
Pachifukwa ichi tikufuna mizere yomwe imayambira ndi nambala zitatu zotsatira zotsatila (-). Mungathe kuchita izi ndi mawu awa:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" manambala
Monga tikudziwira kuchokera ku zitsanzo zapitazo carat (^) amatanthauza kuti mzerewu uyenera kuyamba ndi chitsanzo chotsatira.
[0-9] adzafufuza nambala iliyonse pakati pa 0 ndi 9. Pamene izi zikuphatikizidwa katatu zikugwirizana ndi nambala 3. Pamapeto pake pali phokoso losonyeza kuti chiwonetsero chiyenera kupambana nambala zitatu.
Pogwiritsira ntchito mabotolo ophimba pamtunda mungathe kufufuza mochepa motere:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} -" nambala
Kuwombera kumachokera pa {bracket kotero kuti kumagwira ntchito monga gawo la nthawi zonse koma kwenikweni zomwe izi zikutanthauza [0-9] {3} zomwe zikutanthauza nambala iliyonse pakati pa 0 ndi 9 katatu.
Mabotolo ophwanyika angagwiritsidwe ntchito motere:
{5,10}
{5,}
The {5,10} imatanthauza kuti khalidwe lofufuzidwa likuyenera kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kasanu koma osapitilira 10 pomwe {5,} amatanthauza kuti khalidwelo liyenera kubwerezedwa kasanu kapena kawiri koma lingakhale loposa pamenepo.
09 ya 09
Kugwiritsira Ntchito Kuchokera ku Malamulo Ena Pogwiritsa ntchito marptu
Pakalipano tawonekerani kachitidwe kamene kali mkati mwa mafayilo koma ma grep angagwiritse ntchito zotsatira kuchokera ku malamulo ena monga zowonjezeramo zofanana.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya ps yomwe imatchula njira yogwira ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, yesani lamulo lotsatira:
ps -ef
Zonse zomwe zimayendera pa dongosolo lanu zidzawonetsedwa.
Mungagwiritse ntchito grep kufufuza njira yotsatirayi motere:
ps -ef | grep firefox