DNS ndi womasulira pakati pa mayina a mayina ndi ma intaneti
Mwachidule, Domain Name System (DNS) ndi mndandanda wa zidziwitso zomwe zimasulira maina a mayina ku IP .
DNS nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa ngati bukhu la foni ya intaneti chifukwa imasintha mayina a hostel monga a www.google.com , kupita ku ma intaneti monga 216.58.217.46 . Izi zimachitika pamasewera mutatha kuika URL mu barresi ya adiresi.
Popanda DNS (makamaka injini zofufuzira monga Google), kuyenda pa intaneti sikungakhale kosavuta chifukwa tifunika kulowetsa adilesi ya IP ya webusaiti iliyonse yomwe tikufuna kuyendera.
Kodi DNS Zimagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Ngati sizikuwoneka bwino, mfundo yaikulu ya momwe DNS imachitira ntchitoyo ndi yophweka: tsamba lililonse la intaneti likulowekera mu webusaitiyi (monga Chrome, Safari, kapena Firefox) imatumizidwa ku seva ya DNS , yomwe imamvetsa momwe mungaperekere Dzina limenelo likhale pa adilesi yake yoyenera ya IP.
Ndi adilesi ya IP yomwe zipangizo zimagwiritsira ntchito kulankhulana wina ndi mzake chifukwa sangathe komanso kusatumizira mauthenga pogwiritsa ntchito dzina monga www.google.com , www.youtube.com , etc. Ife timangolowetsa dzina losavuta kuti mawebusayiti awa pamene DNS imatiyang'ana zonse, kutipatsa ife pafupi-nthawi yomweyo ma intaneti oyenera ayenera kutsegula masamba omwe tikufuna.
Apanso, www.microsoft.com, www. , www.amazon.com , ndi dzina lina lililonse la webusaitiyi limagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta chifukwa ndi zovuta kukumbukira mayina awo kusiyana ndi kukumbukira ma intaneti awo.
Makompyuta otchedwa midzi midzi ndizo kusunga ma adresse a IP pazomwe zilizonse zapamwamba . Pamene webusaiti ikufunsidwa, ndilo seva ya mizu yomwe imapanga chidziwitso choyamba kuti muzindikire ndondomeko yotsatira mu ndondomeko yoyang'ana. Kenaka, dzina lachinsinsi likuperekedwa ku Domain Name Resolver (DNR), yomwe ili mkati mwa ISP , kuti mudziwe malo oyenera a IP. Potsirizira pake, mfundoyi imabwereranso ku chipangizo chimene mwachipempha.
Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito DNS
Machitidwe ogwira ntchito monga Windows ndi ena adzasunga ma Adresse a IP ndi mauthenga ena okhudza mayina a abambo komweko kuti athe kuwunikira mofulumira kusiyana ndi kukhala nawo nthawi zonse pa seva ya DNS. Pamene makompyuta amadziwa kuti dzina lina loyitana lifanana ndi adiresi inayake ya IP, chidziwitsocho chimaloledwa kusungidwa, kapena kusungidwa pa chipangizochi.
Pamene kukumbukira DNS mfundo zothandiza, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zowonongeka kapena zosakhalitsa. Kawirikawiri dongosolo loyendetsa ntchito limachotsa deta imeneyi patapita nthawi, koma ngati muli ndi mavuto opitilira webusaitiyi ndipo mukuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa cha nkhani ya DNS, choyamba ndichokakamiza kuchotsa chidziwitso ichi kuti mupeze malo atsopano, zosinthidwa DNS zolemba.
Muyenera kubwezeretsa kompyuta yanu ngati muli ndi mavuto ndi DNS chifukwa DNS cache sichipulumutsidwa kupyolera kukonzanso. Komabe, kutulutsa chikhomo pamanja m'malo mobwezeretsa mofulumira kwambiri.
Mutha kuwonetsa DNS mu Windows kudzera Command Prompt ndi ipconfig / flushdns command . Webusaitiyi Kodi Ndi DNS Yanga? lili ndi malamulo ochotsera DNS kwa mawindo onse a Windows , kuphatikizapo MacOS ndi Linux.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti, malingana ndi momwe router yanu yapangidwira, DNS zolemba zingasungidwe kumeneko. Ngati kuchotsa DNS cache pa kompyuta yanu sikukonza vuto lanu la DNS, muyenera ndithu kuyesa kukhazikitsa router yanu kuti muwononge DNS cache.
Zindikirani: Kulowa mu mafayilo apamwamba sikuchotsedwa pamene DNS cache ikuchotsedwa. Muyenera kusintha mafayilo kuti muchotse mayina a mayina ndi ma IP omwe amasungidwa pamenepo.
Malware Angakhudze DNS Makalata
Popeza kuti DNS ndi yomwe ikuyenera kuyendetsa mayina a mayina ku ma adiresi ena a IP, ziyenera kukhala zomveka kuti ndizofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yoipa. Ophwanya malamulo akhoza kutumizira pempho lanu lachinsinsi chogwira ntchito kwa wina yemwe ndi msampha wodula mapepala achinsinsi kapena kutumikira pulogalamu yachinsinsi .
DNS poizoni ndi DNS spoofing ndi mawu ogwiritsira ntchito kufotokozera cNS resolver cache cholinga cha kutumizira dzina loyitana ku adiresi yosiyana ya IP kuposa momwe moyenerera apatsidwa dzina loyitana, potsogolera kumene inu mukufuna kupita. Izi zimachitika moyesera kukufikitsani ku webusaiti yodzaza ndi maofesi olakwika kapena kuchita chiopsezo chachinyengo kuti akunyengereni kuti mupeze malonda omwe akuwoneka mofanana kuti athe kubala zizindikiro zanu zolowera.
Ntchito zambiri za DNS zimapereka chitetezo ku mitundu iyi.
Njira yina yomwe omenyerayo angakhudzire zolembera za DNS ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a makamu. Maofesi a maofesiwa ndi fayilo yosungidwa komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa DNS pamaso pa DNS kwenikweni kukhala chida chothandizira kuthetsa mayina, koma fayilo ikadalipobe muzinthu zovomerezeka zotchuka. Zolembedwera zosungidwa mu fayilo zikuposa mayendedwe a seva ya DNS, kotero ndilo cholinga chofala cha pulojekiti.
Njira yosavuta kuteteza mafayilo apamwamba kuti asinthidwe ndikuyilemba ngati fayilo lowerengeka . Mu Windows, ingoyendani ku foda yomwe ili ndi mafayilo: % Systemdrive% \ Windows \ System32 \ madalaivala \ etc \ . Dinani pomwepo kapena tapani-gwirani, sankhani Malo , ndiyeno chekeni mubokosi pafupi ndi chidziwitso chokha .
Zambiri za DNS
ISP yomwe ikukuthandizani pa intaneti yapatsa maseva a DNS kuti zipangizo zanu zigwiritse ntchito (ngati mukugwirizana ndi DHCP ), koma simukukakamizidwa kumamatira ndi ma seva awo a DNS. Ma seva ena angapereke zida zolembera kuti awone mawebusaiti ochezera, otsatsa malonda, akuluakulu a webusaiti wamkulu, ndi zina. Onani mndandanda wa ma Pulogalamu a DNS a Pulezidenti ndi Ovomerezeka pa zitsanzo zina za ma seva ena a DNS.
Kaya kompyuta ikugwiritsa ntchito DHCP kuti mupeze adiresi ya IP kapena ngati ikugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya IP static , mungathe kufotokozera ma DNS apadera. Komabe, ngati simunakhazikitsidwe ndi DHCP, muyenera kufotokoza ma seva a DNS omwe ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Maofesi a DNS apadera akutsogoleredwa pamwamba pa zosankha zomveka bwino. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndizosintha kwa DNS pafupi ndi chipangizo chomwe chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutasintha ma seva a DNS pa router yanu ku chinachake, ndiye kuti zipangizo zonse zogwirizanitsidwa ndi router zimagwiritsanso ntchito ma seva a DNS. Komabe, ngati mutasintha ma seva a DNS pa PC pazinthu zosiyana , kompyutayo idzagwiritsa ntchito ma seva osiyana a DNS kuposa zipangizo zina zonse zogwirizana ndi router yomweyo.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kudetsedwa kwa DNS pa kompyuta yanu kumatha kulepheretsa mawebusaiti kutsegula ngakhale ngakhale zomwezo zimatsegulidwa kawirikawiri pamakompyuta osiyanasiyana pa intaneti yomweyo.
Ngakhale ma URL omwe timalowa mu webusaiti yathu ndi osavuta kukumbukira mayina monga www. , m'malo mwake mungagwiritse ntchito adiresi ya IP yomwe dzina la eni ake likulozera, monga https://151.101.1.121) kuti mupeze webusaiti yomweyo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mudakali ndi njira yomweyo - njira imodzi (kugwiritsa ntchito dzina) ndi yosavuta kukumbukira.
Pazomwezi, ngati pali vuto linalake ndi chipangizo chanu chokhudzana ndi seva ya DNS, mukhoza kulidutsa nthawi zonse mwa kulowa m'dilesi ya intaneti mu barre ya adiresi mmalo mwa dzina la alendo. Anthu ambiri sasunga mndandanda wa ma intaneti omwe akugwirizana ndi mayina awo, koma chifukwa chakuti, ndi cholinga chonse chogwiritsa ntchito seva ya DNS pamalo oyamba.
Zindikirani: Izi sizikugwira ntchito ndi webusaiti iliyonse ndi adilesi ya IP popeza ma seva ena adagawidwa kukhazikitsa, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti kulumikiza adilesi ya IP seva kupyolera mu msakatuli sikutanthawuza tsamba lomwe, makamaka, liyenera kutsegulidwa.
Bukhu la "foni" limene limatanthawuza kuti adiresi ya IP yochokera pa dzina la eni ake amatchedwa kutsogolo kwa DNS . Chosiyana ndi, DNS yowonekera , ndi chinthu china chimene chingatheke ndi ma DNS. Apa ndi pamene dzina la eni ake limadziwika ndi adilesi yake ya IP. Kuwongolera kotereku kumadalira pa lingaliro lakuti adesi ya IP yomwe ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la eni akeyo ndi adilesi ya IP.
Zina za DNS zimasunga zinthu zambiri kuwonjezera pa ma intaneti ndi maina awo. Ngati mwakhazikitsa imelo pa webusaiti yathu kapena mutumiziramo dzina la mayina, mukhoza kutengera mawu monga domain domain aliases (CNAME) ndi SMTP makalata osinthanitsa (MX).