Kodi URL ndi chiyani? (Uniform Resource Locator)

Tanthauzo & Zitsanzo za URL

Ophatikizidwa monga URL , Malo Odziwika Othandizira Zowonjezera ndi njira yozindikiritsira malo a fayilo pa intaneti. Ndizo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kutsegula ma webusaiti okha, komanso kutsegula zithunzi, mavidiyo, mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, ndi mafayilo ena omwe athandizidwa pa seva.

Kutsegula fayilo ya m'deralo pa kompyuta yanu ndi lophweka ngati kulipiritsa kawiri, koma kutsegula mafayilo pamakompyuta akutali , monga ma seva a pawebusaiti, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma URL kotero kuti osatsegula wathu akudziwa komwe angayang'ane. Mwachitsanzo, kutsegula fayilo ya HTML yomwe ikuimira tsamba la webusaiti likufotokozedwa pansipa, likuchitidwa poyilowetsa muzenera pamwamba pa osatsegula omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.

Malo Omwe Amagwiritsira Ntchito Zowonjezera Ambiri amapezeka mwachidule monga ma URL koma amatchedwanso ma adresse a webusaiti pamene akuwongolera ma URL omwe amagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya HTTP kapena HTTPS.

URL imakonda kutchulidwa ndi kalata iliyonse yomwe imayankhulidwa payekha (mwachitsanzo u-r - l , osati makutu ). Kalekale inali chidule cha malo ogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka.

Zitsanzo za ma URL

Mwinamwake mukugwiritsidwa ntchito kulowa mu URL, monga iyi kuti mupeze webusaiti ya Google:

https://www.google.com

Adilesi yonse imatchedwa URL. Chitsanzo china ndi webusaitiyi (yoyamba) ndi Microsoft (yachiwiri):

https: // https://www.microsoft.com

Mutha kutengeka kwambiri ndi kutsegula URL yeniyeni ku fano, ngati ichi chalitali chomwe chimatanthauzira ku Google logo pa webusaiti ya Wikipedia. Ngati mutsegula chilankhulocho mukhoza kuona kuti chimayambira ndi https: // ndipo chiri ndi tsamba loyang'ana nthawi zonse monga zitsanzo pamwambapa, koma liri ndi malemba ambiri ndipo limatuluka kuti likulowetseni fayilo lenileni ndi kufotokoza kumene chithunzicho amakhala pa seva la webusaitiyi.

Lingaliro lomwelo likugwira ntchito pamene mukupeza tsamba lolowera la router ; Adilesi ya IP ya router imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati URL kuti mutsegule tsamba lokonzekera. Onani Mndandanda wa Chinsinsi Wachidule wa NETGEAR kuti muwone zomwe ndikutanthauza.

Ambiri aife timadziwa ndi mitundu iyi ya ma URL yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mu msakatuli monga Firefox kapena Chrome, koma izi sizomwe mukufunikira URL.

Mu zitsanzo zonsezi, mukugwiritsa ntchito HTTP protocol kuti mutsegule webusaitiyi, yomwe mwinamwake ndi anthu amodzi omwe akukumana nawo, koma pali zina zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, monga FTP, TELNET , MAILTO, ndi RDP. URL imatha kufotokozera mafayilo omwe muli nawo pa hard drive . Pulogalamu iliyonse ikhoza kukhala ndi malamulo apadera omwe amachititsa kuti zifike pamalo.

Makhalidwe a URL

URL imatha kuphatikizidwa mu magawo osiyanasiyana, chidutswa chilichonse chimakhala ndi cholinga chenicheni pamene akupeza fayilo yakutali.

Ma HTTP ndi ma URL a FTP apangidwa mofanana, monga protocol: // hostname / fileinfo . Mwachitsanzo, kulumikiza fayilo ya FTP ndi URL yake kungawonekere monga chonchi:

FTP: //servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx

... zomwe, pokhapokha kukhala ndi FTP mmalo mwa HTTP , ikuwoneka ngati URL ina iliyonse yomwe mungakumane nayo pa intaneti.

Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito URL yotsatirayi, yomwe ndi chidziwitso cha Google cha cholakwika cha CPU , monga chitsanzo cha adiresi ya HTTP ndi kuzindikira gawo lirilonse:

https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html

Malamulo a Syntax Malamulo

Mawerengero okha, makalata, ndi anthu otsatirawa amaloledwa mu URL: ()! $ -'_ * +.

Zithunzi zina ziyenera kulembedwa (kutembenuzidwa ku code code) kuti avomerezeke mu URL.

Ma URL ena ali ndi magawo omwe amalekanitsa URL kutali ndi zosiyana zina. Mwachitsanzo, mukamafufuza Google :

https://www.google.com/search?q=

... funso limene mukuliwona likuwongolera malemba ena, omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa seva ya Google, kuti mukufuna kutumiza lamulo lapadera kuti mutenge zotsatira.

Malemba omwe Google amagwiritsira ntchito pochita masewero amadziwa kuti chilichonse chimene chimatsatira ? Q = gawo la URL liyenera kudziwika monga nthawi yofufuzira, choncho chilichonse chomwe chimayikidwa pa tsambali chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza injini ya Google.

Mukhoza kuona khalidwe lomwelo mu URL mu kufufuza kwa YouTube pa mavidiyo abwino a paka :

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=best+cat +videos

Zindikirani: Ngakhale kuti malo osaloledwa mu URL, mawebusaiti ena amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro, chimene mungachione pazitsanzo za Google ndi YouTube. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito encoded of space, yomwe ndi % 20 .

Ma URL omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsira ntchito chimodzi kapena zambiri ampersands pambuyo funso chizindikiro. Mutha kuona chitsanzo apa Amazon.com kufufuza Windows 10:

Chiwongola dzanja

Choyamba chosinthika, url , chimayambitsidwa ndi funsolo koma chotsatira chotsatira, chamtundu wachinsinsi , chimatsogoleredwa ndi ampersand. Zowonjezera zingathenso kutsogolo ndi ampersand.

Zigawo za URL ndizovuta - makamaka, zonse zitachitika dzina lachidziwitso (zolemba ndi dzina la fayilo). Mungathe kuziwona nokha ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "zipangizo" mu URL yachitsanzo kuchokera pa tsamba langa lomwe talimanganso pamwambapa, kuti mapeto a URL awerenge /free-driver-updater-Tools.htm . Yesetsani kutsegula tsamba ili pano ndipo mukhoza kuwona kuti silikutsegula chifukwa fayilo yapadera siili pa seva.

Zambiri Zokhudza ma URL

Ngati URL ikukulozerani ku fayilo yomwe musakatuli wanu angasonyeze, monga chithunzi cha JPG , ndiye kuti simukuyenera kukopera fayilo ku kompyuta yanu kuti muwone. Komabe, kwa mafayilo omwe sali owonetsedwa mu osatsegula, monga mafayilo a PDF ndi DOCX , makamaka mafayilo a EXE (ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafayilo), mudzayitanitsa fayilo ku kompyuta yanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Ma URL amatipatsa njira yosavuta kuti tipeze adiresi ya IP ya seva popanda kudziwa kuti adilesiyi ndi yeniyeni. Iwo ali ngati mayina osavuta kukumbukira ma tsamba athu omwe timakonda. Kusandulika uku kuchokera ku URL kupita ku adilesi ya IP ndi zomwe amaseva a DNS amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ma URL ena ndi otalika komanso ovuta kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mutasindikiza ngati chingwe kapena kukopera / kuziyika mu bar. Kulakwitsa mu URL kungapangitse cholakwika cha ma code HTTP cha 400-mndandanda, mtundu wofala kwambiri uli 404 kulakwitsa .

Chitsanzo chimodzi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa pa 1and1.com . Ngati mutayesa kupeza tsamba lomwe silikupezeka pa seva yawo (monga iyi), mupeza zolakwika 404. Zolakwitsa izi ndizofala kwambiri kuti nthawi zambiri mumapeza mwambo, nthawi zambiri zonyansa, machitidwe awo pa mawebusaiti ena. Onani masamba anga okwana 404 Ophwanya Mafilimu Owonetseratu mafilimu ena omwe ndimakonda.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lopeza webusaiti yathu kapena fayilo ya intaneti imene mukuganiza kuti iyenera kuyendetsa bwino, onani Mmene Mungathetsere Cholakwika pa URL kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro othandiza pa zomwe mungachite.

Ma URL ambiri safuna kuti dzina la pa doko liperekedwe. Kutsegula google.com , mwachitsanzo, kungatheke poyesa nambala yachithunzi pamapeto monga http://www.google.com:80 koma sikofunikira. Ngati webusaitiyi ikugwira ntchito pa doko 8080 mmalo mwake, mutha kulowa m'malowa ndikupeza tsambali mwanjirayo.

Mwachinsinsi, malo a FTP amagwiritsa ntchito doko 21, koma ena akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa doko 22 kapena chinachake chosiyana. Ngati tsamba la FTP siligwiritsira ntchito doko 21, muyenera kufotokoza lomwe likugwiritsira ntchito kuti mulowetse seva molondola. Lingaliro lomwelo likugwiranso ntchito pa URL iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito phukusi losiyana ndi momwe pulogalamuyo imagwiritsira ntchito poyesa mwachindunji yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito.