DNS cache (yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa DNS resolver cache) ndi database yosakhalitsa, yosungidwa ndi makina opangira kompyuta, omwe ali ndi zolemba za maulendo onse aposachedwa ndi kuyesayesa kwa intaneti ndi madera ena a intaneti.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, DNS cache imangokhala kukumbukira zochitika za DNS zamakono zimene kompyuta yanu imatha kutchula pamene ikuyesera kudziwa m'mene mungathere webusaitiyi.
Anthu ambiri amangomva mawu akuti "DNS cache" pamene akunena za kuchotsa / kuchotseratu cache ya DNS kuti athandize kukonza malumikizowo a intaneti. Pali zambiri pazomwe zili patsamba lino.
Cholinga cha DNS Cache
Intaneti ikudalira pa Domain Name System (DNS) kuti ikhale ndi ndondomeko ya mawebusaiti onse ndi ma adondomeko awo a IP . Mukhoza kuganiza ngati buku la foni.
Ndi bukhu la foni, sitiyenera kuloweza nambala ya foni ya aliyense, ndiyo njira yokhayo mafoni angalankhulire: ndi nambala. Momwemonso, DNS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tipewe kukumbukira ma adiresi onse a pa intaneti, omwe ndi njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti.
Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo kwa nsaru yotchinga mukamapempha msakatuli wanu kuti atsegule webusaitiyi ...
Mukujambula mu URL ngati ndipo msakatuli wanu akufunsa wanu router pa adilesi ya IP. Router ili ndi adiresi ya seva ya DNS yosungidwa, kotero imapempha seva la DNS pa adiresi ya IP ya dzina lanu . Seva ya DNS imapeza adilesi ya IP yomwe ili ndiyeno amatha kumvetsa zomwe webusaiti ikupempha, pambuyo pake msakatuli wanu akhoza kutsegula tsamba loyenera.
Izi zimachitika pa webusaiti iliyonse yomwe mukufuna kuyendera. Nthawi zonse munthu akamachezera webusaitiyi ndi dzina lake loyitana, msakatuli amayambitsa pempho kupita ku intaneti, koma pempholi silingakwaniritsidwe mpaka dzina la "siteti" litembenuzidwa kukhala adilesi ya IP.
Vuto ndilokuti ngakhale pali matani a maseva a DNS omwe gulu lanu lingagwiritse ntchito kuyesa kuthamanga / ndondomeko yothetsera, akufulumira kukhala ndi buku la "foni, play.
DNS cache imafuna kufulumizitsa ndondomeko yowonjezereka pokonza mayina a maadiresi atsopano posachedwa pempholi litatumizidwa ku intaneti.
Zindikirani: Pali magalimoto a DNS pazinthu zonse zomwe zikuchitika pa "kujambulana" zomwe pamapeto pake zimapeza kompyuta yanu kutsegula webusaitiyi. Kompyutayi ikufika pa router yanu, yomwe imayanjanitsa ISP yanu, yomwe ingagwire ISP ina musanafike pamapeto pa zomwe zimatchedwa "midzi DNS mizu." Zina mwazomwe zili mu ndondomekoyi zili ndi DNS cache pazifukwa zomwezo, kuti zifulumizitse ndondomeko yothetsera dzina.
Momwe DNS Cache ikugwirira ntchito
Pamaso pa osatsegula akukamba zopempha zawo kunja kwa intaneti, kompyutala imalumikiza aliyense ndikuyang'ana pa dzina lachinsinsi mu dNS database. Mndandanda wa mndandanda uli ndi mndandanda wa mayina onse omwe akupezekapo posachedwa ndi maadiresi omwe DNS adawawerengera nthawi yoyamba pempho lapangidwa.
Zomwe zili mu DNS cache zakutchire zimatha kuziwona pa Windows pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ipconfig / displaydns, ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi izi:
docs.google.com
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Dzina la Malipoti. . . . . : docs.google.com
Mtundu Wosindikiza. . . . . : 1
Nthawi Yokhalamo. . . . : 21
Kutalika kwa Deta. . . . . : 4
Gawo . . . . . . . : Yankho
A (Host) Record. . . : 172.217.6.174
Mu DNS, mbiri ya "A" ndiyo gawo la DNS lokhala ndi anwani ya IP ya dzina lopatsidwa. DNS cache imasunga adilesi iyi, dzina la webusaiti yofunsidwa, ndi zina zingapo kuchokera kumalowa ku DNS.
Kodi DNS Cake Poisoning ndi Chiyani?
Cache ya DNS imakhala poizoni kapena kuipitsidwa pamene maina apadera osaloledwa kapena ma adresse a IP akulowetsamo.
Nthaŵi zina cache ikhoza kuwonongeka chifukwa cha zojambula zamakono kapena ngozi, koma DNS poizoni poizoni amadziwika kwambiri ndi mavairasi a pakompyuta kapena machitidwe ena a intaneti omwe amaika zosalowetsa DNS zosalowetsedwa.
Poizoni amachititsa anthu ofuna chithandizo kuti abwerere kumalo olakwika, kawirikawiri mawebusaiti kapena masamba omwe ali ndi malonda.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati docs.google.com yolemba kuchokera pamwamba inali ndi "A" mbiri, ndiye pamene mutalowa docs.google.com mu webusaiti yanu, mungatengedwe kwinakwake.
Izi zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu pa webusaiti yotchuka. Ngati wovutitsa akubwezeretsani pempho lanu la Gmail.com , mwachitsanzo, ku webusaitiyi yomwe ikuwoneka ngati Gmail koma simungathe kumatha kuvutika ndi chiwopsezo chowopsya.
DNS Kuthamanga: Chimene Imachita ndi Mmene Mungachitire Izo
Pofuna kusokoneza poizoni kapena ma intaneti, wotsogolera makompyuta angakonde kufotokoza (mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera, kapena kuchotsa) DNS cache.
Popeza kuchotsa dNS cache kumachotsa zolemba zonse, zimachotsa zolemba zilizonse zosavomerezeka komanso zimakakamiza kompyuta yanu kuti iyanjanitse ma adelowo nthawi ina mukayesa kupeza ma webusaiti awo. Maadiresi atsopanowa atengedwa kuchokera ku seva la DNS wanu makanema ndikumangidwe kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
Choncho, kuti mugwiritse ntchito chitsanzochi pamwambapa, ngati mbiri ya Gmail.com ili ndi poizoni ndikukutumizani ku intaneti yodabwitsa, kuthamangitsa DNS ndi njira yabwino yoyamba kukhazikitsa Gmail.com nthawi zonse.
Mu Microsoft Windows, mukhoza kusuntha chipika cha DNS chapafupi pogwiritsa ntchito ipconfig / flushdns lamulo mu Command Prompt . Mukudziwa kuti zimagwira ntchito mukamawona mawonekedwe a Windows IP bwinobwino atseketsa DNS Resolver Cache kapena Mwapindula mosamala uthenga wa DNS Resolver Cache .
Kupyolera pamapeto a command, olemba macOS ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dscacheutil -flushcache , koma dziwani kuti pali "uthenga wabwino" mutatha kuthamanga, kotero simunauze ngati zakhala zikugwira ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito Linux ayenera kulowa mu /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd lamulo loyambiranso .
A router akhoza kukhala ndi DNS cache komanso, chifukwa chake kubwezeretsanso router nthawi zambiri ndikutsegula. Pachifukwa chomwecho mungathe kukankhira pa DNS cache pa kompyuta yanu, mukhoza kuyambanso router yanu kuti muchotse zolembera za DNS zomwe zimasungidwa kukumbukira kanthawi kochepa.