Pafupi ndi CIDR Notation ndi Ma IP
CIDR ndichidule cha Njira Yopanda Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito. CIDR inakhazikitsidwa mu zaka za m'ma 1990 ngati njira yowonetsera njira zogwirira ntchito pa intaneti.
N'chifukwa chiyani mukugwiritsa ntchito CIDR?
Pamaso pa chitukuko cha CIDR, makina a intaneti anagonjetsa magalimoto pamsewu pogwiritsa ntchito kalasi ya ma intaneti . M'dongosolo lino, kufunika kwa adiresi ya IP kumapanga subnetwork kuti cholinga cha ulendo.
CIDR ndizosiyana ndi zachikhalidwe zachikhalidwe za IP . Ikulinganiza makalata a IP mu subnetworks popanda kudzipereka kwa ma adresse okha. CIDR imadziwikanso kuti supernetting, chifukwa imalola kuti magulu ang'onoang'ono azinthu azisonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kuti azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti.
Chiwerengero cha CIDR
CIDR imatanthauzira adiresi ya IP njira pogwiritsa ntchito adiresi ya IP komanso mawonekedwe ake a pa Intaneti. Kulemba kwa CIDR kumagwiritsa ntchito fomu yotsatirayi:
- XXX.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
komwe n ndi chiwerengero cha (leftmost) '1' bits mu mask. Mwachitsanzo:
- 192.168.12.0/23
imagwiritsa ntchito maskiti 255.255.254.0 pa intaneti 192.168, kuyambira pa 192.168.12.0. Mndandanda uwu umayimira ma adiresi 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Poyerekeza ndi makina ovomerezeka a m'kalasi, 192.168.12.0/23 akuimira kugawidwa kwa magawo awiri A C C 192.168.12.0 ndi 192.168.13.0 aliyense ali ndi maskiki a 255.255.255.0. Mwanjira ina:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Kuwonjezera apo, CIDR imathandizira kudikira kwa intaneti ndi mauthenga omwe amalembedwa ndi machitidwe apadera omwe apatsidwa adiresi ya IP. Mwachitsanzo:
- 10.4.12.0/22
imayimira adiresi ya 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (masikiti omanga 255.255.252.0). Izi zimapereka chiwerengero cha mabungwe anayi a C C mu malo akuluakulu a Mkalasi A.
Nthawi zina mumawona ma CDIDR akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kwa ma Network osakhala a CIDR. Mu subtting osati CIDR IP, komabe, mtengo wa n umangopititsa ku 8 (Kalasi A), 16 (Kalasi B) kapena 24 (Kalasi C). Zitsanzo:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Mmene CIDR imagwirira ntchito
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa CIDR kumafuna kuthandizidwa kwinakwake kumalo osungira mapulogalamu. Poyamba kukhazikitsidwa pa intaneti, ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito monga BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ndi OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) zinasinthidwa kuti zithandizire CIDR. Mapulogalamu osagwira ntchito kapena osadziwika otchuka omwe sangathe kuthandizira angagwirizane ndi CIDR.
Gulu la CIDR limafuna kuti magulu a makanema adziphatikizidwe kuti azikhala othandizira-mozungulira pafupi-mu malo a adilesi. CIDR sichitha, mwachitsanzo, lonse 192.168.12.0 ndi 192.168.15.0 m'njira imodzi koma pokhapokha pakati pa 13 ndi 14.
Webusaiti ya WAN kapena maulendo oyenda m'mbuyo-omwe amayendetsa magalimoto pakati pa Internet Service Providers- onse amawathandiza CIDR kuti akwaniritse cholinga chosunga malo a adiresi ya IP. Ambiri oyendetsa ogula ntchito nthawi zambiri sagwirizana ndi CIDR, choncho ma intaneti odzipangira okha, kuphatikizapo makompyuta a kunyumba, komanso ngakhale malo ocheperako anthu ( LANs ) nthawi zambiri samagwiritsa ntchito.
CIDR ndi IPv6
IPv6 imagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zothandizila CIDR ndi CIDR monga momwe IPv4 imachitira. IPv6 inapangidwa kuti ikhale yopanda kuyankhula mosavuta.