Ma Robot akhoza kutizungulira; kodi mukudziwa momwe mungazindikire?
Liwu lakuti "robot" silinenedwa bwino, mwina osati pakalipano. Pali kutsutsana kwambiri m'mabungwe a sayansi, zogwiritsa ntchito, ndi odyetsa zokhudzana ndi zomwe robot ili, ndi zomwe siziri.
Ngati masomphenya anu a robot ndi chipangizo chowoneka ngati cha anthu chomwe chimapereka malamulo pa lamulo , ndiye mukuganiza za mtundu wina wa chipangizo chimene anthu ambiri amavomereza ndi robot. Koma sizofala kwambiri, ndipo pakali pano sizili zothandiza, mwina.
Koma zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wabwino kwambiri muzinenero zamabuku ndi sayansi.
Ma Robot amavomereza kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amalingalira, ndipo tikhoza kukumana nawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mwatengera galimoto yanu pamsambidwe wotsuka galimoto, ndalama zotengedwa kuchokera ku ATM , kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito makina ogulitsa votolo, ndiye kuti mwatha kugwirana ndi robot. Zonse zimadalira momwe mumatanthauzira robot.
Kotero, Tilembetsa Bwanji Robot?
Chodziwika bwino cha robot, kuchokera ku Oxford English Dictionary, ndi:
"Makina amatha kuchita zinthu zambirimbiri, makamaka zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi kompyuta."
Ngakhale kuti izi ndizitanthauzira, zimathandiza kuti makina ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ma robots, kuphatikizapo ATM ndi zitsanzo za makina a pamwamba. Makina ochapira amakumananso ndi tanthawuzo lofunikira pokhala makina opangidwa ndi mapulogalamu (ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amalola kuti ntchito zovuta zimasinthidwe) zomwe zimangopanga ntchito.
Koma makina ochapa alibe zinthu zina zochepa zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa robot ku makina ovuta. Mmodzi mwa awa ndikuti robot iyenera kuyankha pa chilengedwe chake kuti isinthe pulogalamu yake kukwaniritsa ntchito ndikudziwa kuti ntchitoyo yatha. Kotero, makina ochapira wamba si robot, koma ena mwa mafano apamwamba kwambiri, omwe angathe, kusintha kusamba ndikutsuka kutentha, malingana ndi chilengedwe chakumaloko, angagwirizane ndi tanthauzo la robot:
Makina omwe angathe kuyankha ku chilengedwe chake kuti azichita ntchito zovuta kapena zobwerezabwereza ndizing'ono, ngati zilizonse, malangizo ochokera kwa munthu.
Ma Robot Amatizungulira
Tsopano popeza tili ndi tanthauzo la robot, tiyeni tiyang'ane mofulumira ma robbo omwe timawapeza mofanana lero.
- Industrial: Ma Robot anagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira m'makampani ndi Ultimate, robot yokonzedwa ndi George Devol mu 1959 kwa General Motors. Poyang'ana kuti ndilo robot yoyamba mafakitale, Chomalizira chinali dzanja loboboti lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zida zotentha zomwe zimawotcha popanga magalimoto, ntchito yomwe inali yoopsa kwa anthu.
- Zamankhwala: Ma Robot ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala amachititsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchita opaleshoni, kuthandizira kukonzanso, kapena ngakhale kusokoneza zipinda zachipatala ndi suites opaleshoni.
- Wogulitsa: Mwinamwake robot yodziwika bwino ya pakhomo ndi yoyera yoyera ya Roomba, yokhoza kutsuka pansi pakhomo pakhomo panu. Pakati pa mzere womwewo ndi mowonjezereka wazitsamba zomwe zimapangitsa udzu wanu kukuchepetserani.
- Ma Robot omwe sitinkawadziŵa anali ma robot: Mndandanda wathu womaliza uli ndi ma robbo amene timakumana nawo tsiku lililonse, koma mwina sanaganize ngati ma robot: galimoto yowonongeka, yowimitsa kapena yofiira makamera, zotseguka pakhomo, zipangizo zamakono .
Robotics ndi Mbiri ya Robot
Mapulogalamu a robot amakono, odziwika ndi dzina lakuti robotics, ndi ofesi ya sayansi ndi injini yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito luso lopanga, magetsi, ndi luso la sayansi kuti lipange komanso kumanga ma robot .
Zojambulajambula zimaphatikizapo zonse kuchokera pakupanga mikono yonyamulira zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafakitale, kupanga ma robot odzilamulira okhazikika, nthawi zina amatchedwa androids. Ma Android ndi nthambi ya robotiki yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga mawonekedwe a humanoid, kapena zamoyo zomwe zimalowetsa kapena kuwonjezera ntchito zaumunthu .
Liwu loti robot linagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1921 RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots), yolembedwa ndi wolemba masewero wa Czech ku Karel Čapek.
Roboti imachokera ku Czech mawu akuti robota , kutanthauza kugwira ntchito yolimbikitsidwa.
Pamene uwu ndigwiritsidwe ntchito koyambirira kwa mawuwo, uli kutali ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira a chipangizo chofanana ndi robot. Anthu akale achiChinese, Agiriki, ndi Aigupto onse anamanga makina odzipanga kuti azigwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Leonardo da Vinci nayenso ankagwira ntchito yopanga miyala. Robot ya Leonardo inali yokhoza kumangirira, kukweza mikono, kusuntha mutu, ndi kutseka ndi kutseka nsagwada zake.
Mu 1928, robot yotchedwa humanoid dzina lake Eric inasonyezedwa ku Model Engineers Society ku London. Eric ankalankhula poyendetsa manja, manja, ndi mutu. Elektro, robot ya humanoid, yomwe inayamba mu 1939 Fair World World Fair. Elektro amatha kuyenda, kuyankhula, ndi kumvetsera malamulo a mawu.
Maloboti ku Popular Culture
Mu 1942, nkhani yolemba mbiri ya Isaac Asimov, "Short", inafotokoza kuti "Malamulo atatu a Robotics" omwe adanenedwa kuti akuchokera ku "Handbook Robotics" yachisanu ndi chiwiri, 2058. Malamulowa, malinga ndi zolemba zina za sayansi , ndiyo njira yokhayo yotetezera yofunika kuti polojekiti ikhale yotetezeka:
- Robot singakhoze kuvulaza munthu kapena, mwa kuchitapo kanthu, kulola munthu kukhala wovulaza.
- Robot iyenera kumvera malamulo omwe anapatsidwa ndi munthu kupatula ngati malamulowa angatsutsane ndi Chilamulo Choyamba.
- Robot iyenera kuteteza kukhalapo kwake ngati chitetezo chotero sichitsutsana ndi Malamulo Oyambirira kapena Achiwiri.
Pulogalamu Yoletsedwa, filimu ya sayansi ya 1956, inauza Robbie Robot, koyamba robot inali ndi umunthu wosiyana.
Sitinathe kuchoka ku Star Wars ndi ma droids osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo C3PO ndi R2D2, kuchokera pa mndandanda wa ma robot omwe amapezeka pachikhalidwe.
Munthu wachidziwitso wa Star Trek anakankhira luso lapamwamba la sayansi ndi nzeru zamakono mpaka pamene tikukakamizidwa kufunsa, ndi liti pamene Android ikukwaniritsa maganizo?
Ma Robot, androids, ndi zamoyo zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza anthu ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Tikhoza kufika poti aliyense ali ndi android yake kuti awathandize kupyola tsiku, koma ma robot alidi kutizungulira.