Mitundu ya VPNs, Protocol, ndi zina
Tekeni yamakono yopanga mawebusaiti yeniyeni imachokera pa lingaliro la kukonza. Kukonzekera kwa VPN kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndi kusunga malumikizano abwino (omwe angakhale ndi mapepala apakati). Pogwirizanitsa izi, mapaketi omangidwa mu mtundu wina wa protocol wa VPN amalowetsedwa mkati mwazinthu zina kapena pulogalamu yonyamula katundu, ndipo amafalitsidwa pakati pa makasitomala a VPN ndi seva, ndipo potsiriza amalowetsedwera pambali yolandira.
Kwa VPNs zochokera pa intaneti, mapaketi mu chimodzi mwa ma protocol angapo a VPN amalowa mkati mwa intaneti (IP Protocol) . Ndondomeko za VPN zimathandizanso kutsimikiziridwa ndi kulembedwa kuti zikhale zotetezeka.
Mitundu ya VPN Tunneling
VPN imathandizira mitundu iwiri ya kukonza - mwaufulu ndi koyenera. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mwaufulu, kasitomala wa VPN amatha kupanga kukhazikitsa. Wopereka chithandizo amayamba kulumikizana ndi wopereka chithandizo chotengera (ISP pa Internet VPNs). Kenaka, kugwiritsa ntchito makasitomala a VPN kumapanga msewu ku seva ya VPN chifukwa cha kugwirizana kumeneku.
Mu kukakamiza kukakamiza, wothandizira ogulitsa chithandizo amatha kuyendetsa dongosolo la kugwirizana kwa VPN. Pamene wothandizira amayamba kulumikizana wamba ndi wonyamulira, wothandizirayo amayendetsa pang'onopang'ono kugwirizanitsa kwa VPN pakati pa wothandizira ndi seva ya VPN. Kuchokera kwa owona malonda, ma VPN akugwirizanitsa pa sitepe imodzi yokha poyerekeza ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zimayenera kuti zikhale zopangira mwaufulu.
Kukonzekera kwa VPN kugwiritsira ntchito kumatsimikizira makasitomala ndikuwagwirizanitsa ndi ma seva enieni a VPN pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro opangidwa mu chipangizo cha broker. Nthawi zina chipangizo choterechi chimatchedwa VPN Front End Processor (FEP), Network Access Server (NAS) kapena Point of Presence Server (POS). Kukonzekera koyenera kumabisa chinsinsi cha seva la VPN kuchokera kwa makasitomala a VPN ndipo mosamalitsa amasamutsa kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka tunnel kuchokera kwa makasitomala kupita ku ISP. Chifukwa chake, opereka chithandizo ayenera kutenga zolemetsa zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi kusunga zipangizo za FEP.
Ma protocols a VPN Tunneling
Malamulo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma tunnel a VPN. Mapulogalamu atatu otchuka kwambiri a VPN omwe amalembedwa m'munsimu akupitiriza kukondana wina ndi mzake kuti avomereze mu malonda. Malamulo awa nthawi zambiri sagwirizana.
Ndondomeko ya Point-to-Point Tunneling (PPTP)
Makampani angapo amagwira ntchito palimodzi kuti apange malingaliro a PPTP . Anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa PPTP ndi Microsoft chifukwa pafupifupi zokopa zonse za Windows zikuphatikizidwa mu chithandizo cha makasitomala kwa pulogalamuyi. Kutulutsidwa koyamba kwa PPTP kwa Windows ndi Microsoft kuli ndi zida zotetezedwa zomwe akatswiri ena amati zimakhala zofooka kwambiri kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Microsoft ikupitiriza kulimbikitsa thandizo la PPTP, ngakhale.
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Mpikisano wapachiyambi ku PPTP wa njira ya VPN ndi L2F, ndipo pulojekitiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Cisco. Poyesera kusintha pa L2F, zabwino zomwe zilipo ndi PPTP zinaphatikizidwa kuti apange luso latsopano lotchedwa L2TP. Mofanana ndi PPTP, L2TP ilipo pa chingwe chachindunji (Layer Two) muchitsanzo cha OSI - motero chiyambi cha dzina lake.
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
IPsec kwenikweni ndi mndandanda wa mapulogalamu ambiri ofanana. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yankho lathunthu la VPN protocol kapena chabe monga chidule cholembera mkati mwa L2TP kapena PPTP. IPsec ili pamtanda wosanjikiza (Gawo Lachitatu) la mtundu wa OSI.