Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ndizithunzithunzi za intaneti za intaneti za IP Protocol (IP) . ICMP imapereka chidziwitso cha ulamuliro pa malo a intaneti yokha m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito deta. Konde la IP likufuna ICMP kuti ichite bwino.
Mauthenga a ICMP ndi mtundu wina wa uthenga wa IP wosiyana ndi TCP ndi UDP .
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha mauthenga a ICMP pakuchita ntchito ndi ping utility, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ICMP kufufuza maulendo akutali kuti ayankhe ndikuyesa nthawi yowulendo yozungulira ya mauthenga a probe.
ICMP imathandizanso zowonjezera zina zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangidwira njira ("hops") panjira pakati pa gwero ndi malo omwe amapita.
ICMP Versus ICMPv6
Tanthauzo loyambirira la ICMP linathandiza ma intaneti Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4). IPv6 imaphatikizapo mawonekedwe atsopano a ma protocol omwe amachitcha kuti ICMPv6 kuti awisiyanitse ndi ICMP yoyamba (nthawi zina yotchedwa ICMPv4).
Mitundu ya Mauthenga a ICMP ndi Mapangidwe A Uthenga
Mauthenga a ICMP amanyamula zinthu zofunika pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonza makompyuta. Pulogalamuyo imapereka mauthenga okhudza zinthu monga zosakondera, zolakwika za kapangidwe ka HIV, komanso mauthenga okhudza kusokonezeka kwa intaneti.
Monga machitidwe ena mu banja la IP, ICMP imatanthauzira mutu wa uthenga. Mutu uli ndi magawo anayi muzotsatira zotsatirazi:
- Mtundu ( mipiringidzo 8)
- Code (8 bits)
- Checksum (16 bits)
- Dongosolo la ICMP (makina 32)
ICMP imatanthauzira mndandanda wa mitundu yeniyeni ya mauthenga ndipo imapereka nambala yapadera kwa aliyense.
Monga momwe tawonedwera mu tebulo ili m'munsimu, ICMPv4 ndi ICMPv6 zimapereka mauthenga amodzimodzi (koma nthawi zambiri ndi nambala zosiyana) komanso mauthenga ena apadera. (Mauthenga omwe anthu ambiri amatha nawo amatha kusintha mosiyana ndi khalidwe lawo pakati pa IP versions).
| v4 # | v6 # | Lembani | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129 | Echo Yankhani | Uthenga umatumizidwa poyankha pempho la Echo (onani m'munsimu) |
| 3 | 1 | Malo Osafikirika | Kutumizidwa poyankha uthenga wa IP wosasinthika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. |
| 4 | - | Chotsani Kuzimitsa | Chojambulira chimatha kutumiza uthengawu kwa wotumiza yemwe akupanga kuyendetsa galimoto mofulumira kuposa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. (Kutambasulidwa ndi njira zina.) |
| 5 | 137 | Yongolerani Uthenga | Kutumiza zipangizo kungayambitse njirayi ngati iwo awona kusintha kwa njira yopemphedwa kuti uthenga wa IP uyenera kusinthidwa. |
| 8 | 128 | Funso la Echo | Uthenga wotumizidwa ndi ping utilities kuti muwone kufunika kwa chandamale chipangizo |
| 11 | 3 | Nthawi Yatha | Routers inapanga uthenga uwu pamene deta yotsatira ifika pamlingo wake wa "hop". Amagwiritsa ntchito traceroute. |
| 12 | - | Vuto la Parameter | Zapangidwira pamene chipangizo chimazindikira deta yowonongeka kapena yosowa mu uthenga wa IP womwe ulipo. |
| 13, 14 | - | Timestamp (Funsani, Yankhani) | Zapangidwe kuti zigwirizanitse nthawi yamakono pakati pa zipangizo ziwiri kudzera pa IPv4, (Imayesedwa ndi njira zina zodalirika.) |
| - | 2 | Zolemba Zogulitsa Zambiri | Routers amapanga uthengawu pamene akulandira uthenga umene sungatumizedwe kumalo ake chifukwa chakuposa malire a kutalika. |
Pulogalamuyo imadzaza Ma Code ndi ma DM data dera malingana ndi mtundu Wosankhidwa wosankhidwa kuti ugawane zambiri zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, uthenga Wosakayika Wosakayika ukhoza kukhala ndi ma Code osiyanasiyana osiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha kulephera.