Mawu omwe amamveka ndi mauthenga a pa makompyuta amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa digito pazithunzithunzi za intaneti. Pali mabedi 8 pa 1 byte iliyonse.
Chombo cha "mega" mu megabit (Mb) ndi megabyte (MB) kaŵirikaŵiri ndi njira yabwino yosonyezera chiwerengero cha deta chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ziphuphu ndi zikwi zikwi. Mwachitsanzo, makompyuta a nyumba yanu akhoza kutenga deta pa 1 miliyoni bytes pamphindi iliyonse, yomwe ili yoyenera kulemba ngati megabits 8 pamphindi, kapena 8 Mb / s.
Ziyeso zina zimapereka ziphuphu kuti zikhale zazikulu monga 1,073,741,824, ndipo ndi zingati zomwe zimakhala mu gigabyte imodzi (yomwe ili 1,024 megabytes). Nanga palabytes, petabyte, ndi exabytes ndi zazikulu kuposa ma megabytes!
Momwe Makhalidwe ndi Zolemba Zimapangidwira
Makompyuta amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo (zochepa kuti ziwerengedwe zamabina ) ziyimire zambiri mu mawonekedwe a digito. Kakompyuta yaying'ono ndikulumikiza. Poyimiridwa ngati nambala, zingwe zimatha kukhala 1 (imodzi) kapena 0 (zero).
Makompyuta amasiku ano amapanga mabotolo kuchokera kumtunda wamagetsi wapamwamba ndi otsika omwe akuyenda kudzera m'maulendo a chipangizochi. Mapulogalamu a makanema a makompyuta amasintha zovuta izi m'magulu awo ndi zeros kuti azigwiritsira ntchito mabungwe pamtundu wotseguka, njira yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa encoding .
Njira zogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga okhudzana ndi mauthenga amtundu zimasiyana malinga ndi zowonjezera:
- Kugwirizana kwa Ethernet kumanyamula mabitseni pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamagetsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
- Wi-Fi imanyamula ma bits pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a wailesi osiyanasiyana
- Kulumikiza kwa ma fibre kumagwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti a kuwala kuti azisenza bits
Chiwonongeko chimangokhala ndondomeko yokwanira ya bits. Makompyuta amakono amapanga deta m'zinthu kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zipangizo zamagetsi, disks, ndi kukumbukira.
Zitsanzo za Bits ndi Zolemba mu Computer Networking
Ngakhale anthu ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta amatha kukumana ndi ziphuphu ndi zochitika muzochitika zachikhalidwe. Taonani zitsanzo izi.
Ma adindo a IP mu Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4) amatumikizana ndi makina 32 (4 bytes). Adilesi 192.168.0.1 , mwachitsanzo, ili ndi chiyero 192, 168, 0 ndi 1 pa zonsezi. Mitsuko ndi maofesi a adilesiyi amalembedwa ngati momwemonso:
11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001Mlingo umene deta imayendera kudzera pa makanema a makompyuta amachitikira mu magawo a bits pamphindi (ma bps). Manambala amakono amatha kutumiza mamiliyoni kapena mabiliyoni a bits pamphindi , otchedwa megabits pamphindi (Mbps) ndi gigabits pamphindi (Gbps) , motero.
- Kugwirizana kwa Gigabit Ethernet kumayesedwa kwa 1 Gbps
- Mabomba osayendetsa opanda waya opanda maulendo othamanga okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a Wi-Fi. Mawindo omwe amathandizidwa ndi oyendetsa ndege ndi 54 Mbps, 150 Mbps, ndi 600 Mbps
Kotero, ngati mukukweza fayilo ya 10 MB (80 Mb) pa intaneti yomwe ingathe kukopera deta pa 54 Mbps (6.75 MBs), mungagwiritse ntchito kutembenuzidwa kwina pansipa kuti mupeze kuti fayilo ikhoza kutulutsidwa patangotha mphindi imodzi (80/54 = 1.48 kapena 10 / 6.75 = 1.48).
Langizo: Mutha kuona momwe intaneti yanu imakhalira mwamsanga ndi kuikanso deta ndi intaneti yofulumira .
Mosiyana, makina osungirako makompyuta monga timitengo ta USB ndi ma drive ovuta kutumiza deta mu maunite a bytes pamphindi (Bps). N'zosavuta kusokoneza awiriwo koma mawindolo pamphindi ndi Bps, omwe ali ndi "B," pamene liwu lachiwiri limagwiritsa ntchito "b" pansi.
Makina opanda chitetezo opanda zingwe monga a WPA2, WPA, ndi a WEP akale amatsatira makalata ndi manambala nthawi zambiri amalembedwa mu chidziwitso cha hexadecimal . Chiwerengero cha hexadecimal chimaimira gulu lililonse la magawo anayi monga mtengo umodzi, kapena nambala pakati pa zero ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kapena kalata pakati pa "A" ndi "F."
Zingwe za WPA zikuwoneka ngati izi:
12345678 9ABCDEF1 23456789 ABMaadiresi a IPv6 amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha hexadecimal. Adilesi iliyonse ya IPv6 ili ndi mabedi 128 (16 bytes), monga:
0: 0: 0: 0: 0: FFFF: C0A8: 0101Momwe Mungasinthire Bits ndi Bytes
Ndizosavuta kuti mutembenuzire mwachindunji zinthu zamakhalidwe ndi zoyipa pamene mukudziwa zotsatirazi:
- 8 bits = 1 byte
- 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte
- 1,024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte
- 1,024 megabite = 1 gigabyte
- 1,024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte
Mwachitsanzo, kuti mutembenuzire ma kilobytes 5 muwiri, mungagwiritse ntchito kutembenuka kwachiwiri kuti mupeze 5,120 byte (1,024 X 5) ndipo oyamba kupeza 40,960 bits (5,120 X 8).
Njira yosavuta kuti mutembenuzire izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo ngati Bit Calculator. Mukhozanso kulingalira zamtengo wapatali mwa kulowa funsolo mu Google.