Chingwe cha fiber optic chingwe ndi chingwe chachonde chomwe chimakhala ndi zingwe za magalasi mkati mwa malo osungirako zinthu. Zapangidwira kwa mtali wautali, kutumizirana deta kwambiri, ndi kulankhulana.
Poyerekeza ndi zingwe zowongolera, zingwe za fiber optic zimapereka mapepala apamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kutumiza deta pamtunda wautali.
Zingwe zamagetsi zimathandizira zambiri pa intaneti, TV ndi telefoni machitidwe.
Mmene Zingwe za Fiber Optic Zimagwirira Ntchito
Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zimanyamula zizindikiro zoyankhulirana pogwiritsa ntchito makina a kuwala omwe amapangidwa ndi aang'ono orser-light emitting diodes (LEDs).
Chingwecho chimakhala ndi galasi imodzi kapena zingapo, iliyonse yokha yochepa kuposa tsitsi la munthu. Pakatikati mwa chingwe chilichonse chimatchedwa "core", chomwe chimapereka njira yopangira kuwala. Mutuwu uli ndi kuzungulira kwa galasi lotchedwa cladding yomwe imasonyeza kuwala mkati kuti tipewe kutayika kwa chizindikiro ndikulola kuwala kudutse mu chingwe.
Mitundu iwiri yoyamba ya zingwe zamatope imatchedwa mchitidwe wosakwatirana ndi makina osiyanasiyana . Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi ochepa kwambiri komanso ma laser opangira kuwala pamene mitundu yambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma LED.
Mankhwala osakanikirana amodzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira za Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) pofuna kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa deta zomwe zingathe kutumizidwa kudutsa. WDM imalola kuunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wavelengths kuti iphatikizedwe (multiplexed) ndipo kenako imasiyanitsidwa (de-multiplexed), imatumiza mitsinje yambiri yolankhulana kudzera mwa kuwala kochepa.
Mipira ya Fiber Optic Cables
Zipangizo zamagetsi zimapereka ubwino wambiri pazitali zamtunda zamkuwa zamkuwa.
- Mafiber optics ali ndi mphamvu zoposa. Chiwerengero cha network bandwidth chingwe chachitsulo chitha kunyamula mosavuta kuposa chingwe cha mkuwa chomwe chimakhala chofanana. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimayimilira pa 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps ndipo ngakhale 100 Gbps ndizofanana.
- Popeza kuwala kumatha kuyenda kutali mtunda wautali popanda kutaya mphamvu, kumachepetsera kufunikira kwa zizindikiro zamagetsi.
- Zida zapangidwe sizingasokonezedwe. Makompyuta amtundu wotetezera amafunika chitetezo chapadera kuti chiteteze ku chisokonezo chamagetsi. Ngakhale chitetezo ichi chikuthandiza, sikokwanira kuteteza kusokonezeka pamene zingwe zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa pafupi kwambiri. Maonekedwe a magalasi ndi ma fiber amateteza zambiri pazinthu izi.
Fiber to Home (FTTH), Zolemba Zina, ndi Fiber Networks
Ngakhale kuti fiber yowonjezera imayikidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mautali akutali pakati pa mizinda ndi mayiko, anthu ena ogwira ntchito pa intaneti akhala akugulitsa ntchito zawo zowonjezera ma fiber kumalo ogwidwa kumudzi kwawunikira kuti azipeza mosavuta ndi mabanja. Othandizira ndi ogwira ntchito zamakampani amatcha izi "malo otsiriza".
Zina zodziwika bwino za FTTH pamsika lero zikuphatikizapo Verizon FIOS ndi Google Fiber. Mapulogalamuwa akhoza kupereka intaneti gigabit (1 Gbps) mofulumira kwa banja lililonse. Komabe, ngakhale ogulitsa amaperekanso ndalama zochepa, iwo amaperekanso mapepala apansi otsika kwa makasitomala awo.
- FTTP (Fiber to Premises): Fiber yomwe yasungidwa mpaka kumanga.
- FTTB (Fiber to Building / Business / Block): Zofanana ndi FTTP.
- FTTC / N (Fiber to Curb of Node): Makatani omwe aikidwa pa mfundoyi koma mawaya amkuwa amatsiriza kugwirizana mkati mwa nyumbayi.
- Chingwe chachindunji: Chitsulo chomwe chimachoka pakati pa ofesi ndipo chimagwiritsidwa mwachindunji kwa kasitomala mmodzi. Izi zimapereka gulu lalikulu kwambiri koma ndi loposa.
- Kugawidwa kwapadera: Mofanana ndi chingwe chowongolera kupatula ngati momwe fiber imayandikira pafupi ndi makasitomala oyandikana nawo, imagawidwa mu makina ena kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi Chida Chakumdima Ndi Chiyani?
Mawu akuti mdima wamtambo (omwe amatchulidwa mdima wamdima kapena wotchedwa fiber wosagwidwa ) nthawi zambiri amatanthauza fiber optic cabling yomwe siigwiritsidwe ntchito pakali pano. Nthaŵi zina imatanthauzanso kumayendedwe opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndiokha.