Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwa matekinoloje opanda waya, ma makanema ambiri a makompyuta m'zaka za zana la 21 adakali ndi zipangizo monga zowonongeka kuti zipangizo zisinthe deta. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zingwe zamakono zomwe zilipo, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zofunikira.
Coaxial Cables
Zinayambika mu 1880, "coax" idadziwika bwino ngati mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chinagwirizanitsa ma TV ndi makina apanyumba. Coaxial chingwe ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zingwe 10 Mbps Ethernet . Pamene Ethernet 10 Mbps inali yotchuka kwambiri, m'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1990, magwiritsidwe ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya cable - thinnet (10BASE2 standard) kapena thicknet (10BASE5). Zingwezi zimakhala ndi waya wamkuwa wamkati wosiyanasiyana womwe umadulidwa ndi kutsekemera ndi zina zotchinga. Kuuma kwao kunayambitsa vuto la oyang'anira makompyuta pakuika ndi kusunga thinnet ndi thicknet.
Zingwe Zogwirizanitsa Pawiri
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, mapepala ophatikizidwa anawoneka ngati maulendo oyendetsa makina a Ethernet , kuyambira 10 Mbps ( 10BASE-T , omwe amadziwikanso ngati Gawo 3 kapena Cat3 ), pambuyo pake adatsatiridwa ndi ma 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 , ndi Cat5e) ) ndi kupitirira mofulumira kufika 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Zipangizo ziwiri zopotoka za Ethernet zili ndi mawaya asanu ndi atatu (8) omwe amapanga pamodzi palimodzi kuti athe kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa magetsi.
Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mafakitale awiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito opotoka atanthauziridwa: Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pawiri Pawiri (UTP) ndi Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) . Zipangizo zamakono zamakono za Ethernet zimagwiritsa ntchito UTP wiring chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa STP kungapezeke muzinthu zina monga Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) .
Fiber Optics
M'malo mosungira zingwe zitsulo zomwe zimatumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi, zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi zimagwiritsira ntchito zingwe za galasi ndi magetsi a kuwala. Zingwe zamtunduwu ndi zokongoletsera ngakhale zitapangidwa ndi magalasi. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zothandiza kwambiri pamakonzedwe akuluakulu a malo (WAN) komwe kumapezeka kutalika kwa nthaka pansi kapena kunja kwa nyumba komanso kuofesi zaofesi komwe mauthenga ambiri olankhulirana amatha.
Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya fiber optic mafoni makampani amalongosola - single-mode (100BaseBX standard) ndi multimode (100BaseSX muyezo). Mauthenga otumizirana maulendo akutali amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokha yapamwamba kwambiri, koma magulu amtunduwu amagwiritsa ntchito multimode mmalo mwake chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika.
Makanema a USB
Makina ambiri a Universal Serial Bus (USB) amagwirizanitsa makompyuta ndi chipangizo cham'manja (makibodi kapena mbewa) kusiyana ndi makompyuta ena. Komabe, mapuloteni apadera omwe amatchulidwa kuti dongles ) amalola kuti kugwirizanitsa chingwe cha Ethernet ku doko la USB mwachindunji. Zipangizo za USB zimapangidwira zowonjezera.
Zida Zakale ndi Zofanana
Chifukwa chakuti PC zambiri m'ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1990 zinalibe mphamvu ya Ethernet, ndipo USB inali isanakonzedwebe, serial and parallel interfaces (zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa makompyuta amakono) nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma PC PC ndi PC. Zomwe zimatchedwa zing'onoting'ono zopanda pake , mwachitsanzo, zimagwirizanitsa madoko akuluakulu a ma PC awiri omwe amachititsa kuti ma data asamuke mofulumira pakati pa 0.115 ndi 0.45 Mbps.
Crossover Cables
Nthano za modem zosalala ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha gulu la zingwe za crossover . Chingwe cha crossover chimagwirizanitsa zipangizo ziwiri zamagetsi zamtundu womwewo, monga ma PC awiri kapena magetsi awiri.
Kugwiritsira ntchito zingwe za Ethernet crossover zinali zowonjezeka kwambiri pa makanema akale a panyumba zakale pamene akugwirizanitsa ma PC awiri pamodzi. Zingwe zakuthambo, Ethernet crossover zimawoneka zofanana ndi zachilendo (nthawi zina zimatchedwanso molunjika ), kusiyana koonekera kokha kukhala dongosolo la mawaya omwe ali ndi maonekedwe omwe akuwonekera pamapeto pake. Ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro zapadera zosiyanitsa ndi zingwe zawo chifukwa chaichi. Masiku ano, makompyuta ambiri apanyumba amagwiritsira ntchito maulendo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa zingwe zapaderazi.
Mitundu Yina ya Zingwe Zamakono
Ena ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti patch cable kuti ayang'anire ku mtundu uliwonse wa chingwe chowongoka chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kanthawi. Nkhono, zowongoka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zonse zilipo. Amagawana zomwezo monga mitundu ina ya zingwe zamtundu kupatula kuti zipangizozi zimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi amagwiritsira ntchito wiringiri wodalirika wodalirika wothandizira deta pogwiritsa ntchito adapters apadera omwe amalowetsedwa kumalo ozungulira.