Chitsogozo cha makalasi a aderesi amtundu wa intaneti, kufalitsa, ndi multicast
Maphunziro a IP akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogawira ma intaneti pa magulu osiyana siyana. Malo a IPv4 adilesi ya IP angathe kugawidwa m'magulu asanu a aderesi otchedwa A A, B, C, D, ndi E.
Pulogalamu iliyonse ya IP imakhala ndi chigawo chachikulu cha adresi ya IPv4. Kalasi imodzi yotereyi imangokhala ndi maadiresi a multicast okha, omwe ndi mtundu wa kujambulidwa kwa deta kumene makompyuta angapo amatha kufotokoza zambiri mwakamodzi.
Maphunziro a Adilesi ya IP ndi Kuwerenga
Makhalidwe a makina anayi omaliza omwe ali ndi IPv4 amadziwitsa kalasi yake. Mwachitsanzo, ma adresi a m'kalasi onse ali ndi mabotolo atatu otsala omwe alipo makumi khumi ndi atatu (29), koma mabomba 29 otsala akhoza kuyika 0 kapena 1 padera (monga akuyimiridwa ndi x mu malo awa):
Thumb thumb thumb thumb thumb thumb thumb thumb thumb thumbKutembenuza zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizomwe simukuzilemba, zikutsatila kuti ma Adresse Onse a C Cincino akupezeka pa 192.0.0.0 mpaka 223.255.255.255.
Gome ili m'munsi likufotokoza ma adiresi a IP komanso mzere wa gulu lililonse. Onani kuti malo ena a adiresi ya IP sakuchotsedweratu ku Mkalasi E chifukwa chapadera monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.
| Kalasi | Kumanzere kumbali | Yoyambira Pakati | Mapeto a Range | Maadireti onse |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
IP Address Class E ndi Limited Broadcast
Mndandanda wa Intaneti wa IPv4 umatanthauzira maadiresi a m'kalasi, yosasamala kuti sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti. Mabungwe ena ochita kafukufuku amagwiritsa ntchito maadiresi a m'kalasi E kuti azifufuza. Komabe, zipangizo zomwe zimayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma adressewa pa intaneti sizidzatha kulankhulana bwino.
Pulogalamu yapadera ya IP ndiyo maadiresi osachepera 255.255.255.255. Mauthenga a pa intaneti akuphatikizapo kupereka uthenga kuchokera kwa wotumiza mmodzi kwa ambiri omwe alandira. Otsatsa amavomereza pulogalamu ya IP ku 255.255.255.255 kuti awonetse malo ena onse pamtunda wamakono (LAN) ayenera kutenga uthengawo. Kusindikiza kumeneku ndi "kuchepa" chifukwa sichifikira mfundo iliyonse pa intaneti; malo okha pa LAN.
Webusaiti ya Internet ikuyang'anira maadiresi onse kuchokera ku 255.0.0.0 mpaka 255.255.255.255 pofalitsa, ndipo izi siziyenera kuwerengedwa ngati gawo lachikhalidwe Chachigawo E.
Adilesi ya IP Address D ndi Multicast
Mndandanda wa Intaneti wa IPv4 umatanthauzira maadiresi a m'kalasi monga yosungira ma multicast. Multicast ndi njira mu Internet Protocol pofuna kufotokozera magulu a makina opatsirana ndi kutumiza mauthenga kwa gululo m'malo mokhala ndi chipangizo chirichonse pa LAN (kufalitsa) kapena chinthu chimodzi chokha (unicast).
Multicast imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa malo ochita kafukufuku. Monga momwe zilili m'kalasi ya E, ma D Class D sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nambala wamba pa intaneti.