Ogwira ntchito ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndipo amapezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma capacitors. Mitundu iliyonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi makhalidwe ndi zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera, mapangidwe, ndi katundu. Omwe amawongolera amagawidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe a dielectric omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu capac capacitor. Mitundu iliyonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zofunikira zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikhale zolekerera, mphamvu ya kutentha, kutentha kwa kutentha, kutentha kofanana (ESR), kukula kwake, ndi kudalirika komwe kumakhudza momwe iwo amachitira pa dziko lenileni . Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kumakhudza kusankhidwa kwa capacitor, kupanga ena ma capacitors kwambiri muzinthu zina ndi chitsimikizo mwa ena.
Otsatsa Mafilimu
Mafilimu amafilimu ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezereka ya ma capacitors. Mafilimu amawaphatikizapo banja lalikulu la ma capacitors ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kukhalazo zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito zimaphatikizapo polyester (mylar), polystyrene, polypropylene polycarbonate, pepala lopangidwa ndi teflon ndi Teflon. Mafilimu amawoneka kuchokera ku pF (picoFarads) kufika pa 100 a uF (microFarads). Mafilimu apamwamba otulutsa mafilimu amapezekanso, ali ndi mavotera opitirira 500 volts. Kupindula kwa mafilimu opanga mafilimu, makamaka mafilimu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu apulasitiki, amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso amakhazikika kwambiri.
Makina opanga mafilimu amapezeka m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe. Zomwe mawonekedwe amawonekedwe a mafilimu amakhala ozungulira, oval, round, and rectangular ndipo zinthu zambiri zimapezeka ndi maulendo a axial ndi radial.
Electrolytic Capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors ali ndi zinthu zamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri za mtundu uliwonse wa makina. Electrolytic capacitors amamanga ndi mafilimu opangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi electrolytic semi-liquid njira. Kusinthasintha kwa zipangizozi kumapangitsa kuti atsekedwe ndi kupereka malo akuluakulu ndipo motero amathandiza kupanga makina akuluakulu. Popeza njira ya electrolytic imayendetsa komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga electrolytic capacitor, chimbudzi chochepa cha dielectric chimapangidwira pa filimu yachitsulo, pofuna kuteteza filimu yachitsulo kuti ikhale yopanda mphamvu ya electrolytic. Filamu ya dielectric ndi yopyapyala kwambiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya electrolytic capacitor ikhale ndi mphamvu.
Electrolytic capacitors amadza ndi zifukwa zingapo zofunika, polarization ndi mayendedwe a mpweya. Choponderezeka cha electrolytic capacitors ndi chakuti ambiri a iwo amalowetsedwa ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola. Kuyika electrolytic capacitor kumbuyo kudzachititsa kuti kampaniyo iwonongeke mofulumira, nthawi zambiri molimba mtima ndi zomwe zingayambitse chirichonse chapafupi. Mitundu yonse ya polarized electrolytic capacitors imakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa chomwe chimasonyeza kuti ndiyi iti yomwe iyenera kusungidwa pamagetsi otsika kwambiri. Magetsi a electrolytic capacitors ndi otsika, koma amapezeka ndi magetsi mpaka mazana angapo volts.
Mitundu iwiri yambiri ya electrolytic capacitors ndi aluminium electrolytic capacitors ndi tantalum capacitors. Tantalum capacitors amasiyana ndi electrolytic capacitors ambiri kuti amawoneka ngati ceramic capacitors. Mosiyana ndi ceramic capacitors, tantalum capacitors amavomereza. Komabe, tantalum capacitors ndizowonjezera polarities kusiyana ndi aluminium electrolytic capacitors ndipo nthawi zina zimayikidwa mndandanda ndi zigawo ziwiri zosagwirizana zogwirizana ndi kupanga "non-polarized" tantalum capacitor. Tantalum capacitors ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa aluminium electrolytic capacitors ndipo amakhala ndi madzi otsika otsika omwe amawapanga chisankho chabwino chokhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri, kupyolera, kudula, kufalitsa, ndi nthawi.
Ceramic Capacitors
Ceramic capacitors ndi ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka pamwamba pa mapulogalamu. Iwo amapangidwa ndi kuvala disc ceramic kapena mbale ndi woyendetsa ndi kulumikiza angapo palimodzi. Chombo cha ceramic chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimakhala ndi nthawi yapamwamba kwambiri ya dielectric, yomwe imalola kuti makina otchedwa ceramic capacitors akhale ofunika kwambiri pamtunda wochepa. Mosiyana ndi ma electrolytic capacitors, ceramic capacitors si polarized koma mphamvu zawo zimadutsa kusintha kosasinthika pamene kutentha kwawo kumasintha. Pazifukwa izi, ceramic capacitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza monga kupukuta kapena kudutsa ma capacitors. Ceramic capacitors ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kuchokera pa pF pang'ono mpaka angapo a FF ndipo ali ndi mayendedwe a ma voltage kuchokera ku volts pang'ono mpaka volts masauzande.
Mitundu Yina ya Othandizira
Mitundu yambiri yapadera ya ma capacitor ilipo pazinthu zina zodziwika bwino. Kukonza kapena kusinthasintha makina kumakhala ndi makina osinthika ndipo ndi othandiza pa njira yabwino kapena malipiro ozungulira. Makina opanga makina amadzimadzi amakhala ndi makina amphamvu kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa imodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa koma zimasunga mphamvu zokwanira kuti zisinthe ma batteries.