Zojambula zamakono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta zambirimbiri, koma pamene mukuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zonse zamagetsi, maulendo ambiri, machitidwe ndi ma modules amapezeka mobwerezabwereza. Maulendowa amodzi ndi maulendo osavuta kupanga, ogwira nawo ntchito, ndi kuyesa. Nkhaniyi ikukambirana maulendo khumi omwe amapezeka pa zamagetsi.
1. Kukhalanso Phindu
Chimodzi mwa maulendo ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamagetsi ndi ogawanitsa odzichepetsa. Kugawanitsa kwapadera ndi njira yabwino yochotsera magetsi a chizindikiro ku malo omwe mukufuna. Ogawa omwe amapereka phindu la mtengo wotsika, mosavuta kupanga, zochepa zigawozo ndipo amatenga malo pang'ono pabwalo. Komabe, ogawanikana akhoza kutsegula kwambiri chizindikiro chomwe chingasinthe chizindikiro kwambiri. M'magwiritsidwe ambiri, zotsatirazi ndizochepa komanso zovomerezeka, koma olemba mapulani ayenera kudziwa momwe zimakhalire ndi ogawanitsa otsutsa.
2. OpAmps
OpAmps ndi othandiza kwambiri pozunza chizindikiro pamene akuwonjezera kapena kugawa chizindikiro. Izi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamene chizindikiro chikufunikira kuyang'aniridwa popanda kuthandizidwa ndi dera loyang'anira. Kuwonjezera apo, njira zowonjezera komanso zogawanika zimapangitsa kuti mumvetse bwino kapena kulamulira bwino.
3. Ndondomeko Yopanga
Masiku ano zamagetsi zimadzaza ndi zipsu zomwe zimafuna kuti mitundu ikhale yosiyana. Mapulogalamu apansi otsika amatha kugwira ntchito pa 3.3 kapena 1.8v pamene masensa ambiri amathamanga pa volts 5. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zosiyana siyana pamtambo womwewo kumafuna kuti zizindikirozo zigwetsedwe kapena ziwonjezereke pamtingo woyenera wa chipangizo cha chipangizo chilichonse. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dera loyendetsa selo la FET lomwe likufotokozedwa mu Philips AN97055 App Note kapena Chip chipangizo chosinthira. Chipsinjika chipsing chips ndi zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito ndipo amafuna zochepa zigawo zikuluzikulu, koma onse ali ndi quirks ndi zovuta nkhani ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulana.
4. Fyuluta Okhazikitsa
Zonse zamagetsi zimakhala ndi phokoso lamagetsi limene lingayambitse khalidwe losayembekezereka, lachisokonezo kapena kuthetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuwonjezera pa fyulitsi capacitor kuzipangizo za chip chipangizo kungathandize kuthetsa phokoso m'dongosolo ndipo limalimbikitsa pa microchips (onani chips datasheet kuti best capacitors ntchito). Zikhozanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zolembera kuti zithetse phokoso pazowunikira.
5. On / Off Switch
Kulamulira mphamvu kuzinthu ndi machitidwe ndizofunikira pa magetsi. Pali njira zingapo zopindulira zotsatirazi kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito transistor kapena kubwereranso. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha ndizo njira imodzi yosavuta komanso yosavuta yothetsera kusinthana.
6. Voltage References
Pamene muyeso woyenerera ndi wofunikira, nthawi yodziwika bwino ya voltage imafunika. Mauthenga a magetsi amapezeka mwaziwonetsero zochepa komanso mawonekedwe osagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngakhale ngakhale wopanga magetsi angapereke dzina loyenera.
7. Magetsi
Dera lirilonse limafuna magetsi oyenera kuti agwire ntchito, koma maulendo ambiri amafunika kubwereka kwapulogalamu iliyonse kuti agwire ntchito. Kutsika kwa mpweya wapamwamba kupita kumunsi wotsika ndi chinthu chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi chifukwa chochepa kwambiri mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito, kapena oyendetsa magetsi kapena converter dc-dc angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zovuta kwambiri. Pamene mapulaneti apamwamba amafunika kuchokera ku galimoto yotsika yotsika, dc-dc amatha kusintha kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popanga miyendo yowonjezereka komanso kusintha kwa magetsi.
8. Chiyambi Chamakono
Kuwombera kumakhala kosavuta kugwira ntchito mkati mwa dera, koma pazinthu zina zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayenera monga zowonjezera kutentha kwa thermistor kapena kulamulira mphamvu yotulutsa laser diode kapena LED. Zolemba zamakono zimapangidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku BJT kapena MOSFET transistors, ndi zina zochepa ndalama zigawo zikuluzikulu. Mphamvu zapamwamba zamakono zowonjezera zimafunikira zigawo zina ndikufunikanso kupanga kapangidwe kowonjezereka molondola komanso moyenera kulamulira zamakono.
9. Microcontroller
Pafupifupi mankhwala onse apakompyuta opangidwa lero ali ndi microcontroller pamtima pake. Ngakhale kuti si gawo losavuta lokha, ma microcontrollers amapanga pulani yokonzekera kuti amange nambala iliyonse ya zinthu. Maseŵera amphamvu a micro-power (makamaka 8-bit) amayendetsa zinthu zambiri kuchokera ku microwave kupita ku burashi lanu lamagetsi. Amagwiritsira ntchito ma microcontroller ambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito kayendedwe ka injini ya galimoto yanu poyendetsa mafuta ku mpweya woyaka moto pamene akugwira ntchito zina panthawi yomweyo.
10. Kutetezedwa kwa ESD
Chizoloŵezi chodziŵika kawirikawiri cha chipangizo chamagetsi ndicho kulowetsedwa kwa ESD ndi chitetezo cha mpweya. Pamene zipangizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mudziko lenileni zingathe kukhala ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso zitha kuwononga chips (taganizirani za ESD ngati kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamakwera microchip). Ngakhale kuti ESD ndi njira zotetezera zotetezera mphamvu zazing'ono zimatha kupezeka, chitetezo chofunikira chingaperekedwe ndi zinthu zosavuta zowonjezera zomwe zimayikidwa pamagulu akuluakulu pa zamagetsi, makamaka pa zizindikiro zowonongeka komanso kumene zizindikiro zimalowa kapena kuchoka ku dera linalake.