Mau oyamba
Pali daemon mu Linux yotchedwa cron yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa njira nthawi zonse.
Momwe amachitira izi ndikuwongolera mafoda ena pa machitidwe anu kuti muyambe. Mwachitsanzo pali foda yotchedwa /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly ndi /etc/cron.monthly. Palinso fayilo yotchedwa / etc / crontab.
Mwachibadwa mungathe kuika zikalata zolembera m'mabuku oyenera kuti azikhala ndi nthawi zonse.
Mwachitsanzo, tsekani mawindo otsegula (mwa kukanikiza CTRL, ALT ndi T) ndikuyendetsa izi:
l / etc / cron *
Mudzawona mndandanda wa mapulogalamu kapena malemba omwe amayendetsedwa maola, tsiku ndi tsiku, mlungu ndi mlungu.
Vuto ndi mafoda awa ndilosavuta kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku ndi tsiku amatanthawuzira kuti script idzathamanga kamodzi pa tsiku koma simungathe kulamulira nthawi yomwe script ikuyendetsa tsiku limenelo.
Ndi pomwe fayilo ya crontab imalowa.
Mwa kukonza fayilo ya crontab mungathe kupeza script kapena pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe mukufuna kuti ichitike. Mwachitsanzo, mwina mukufuna kusunga fayilo yanu usiku uliwonse pa 6 koloko masana.
Zilolezo
Lamulo la crontab limafuna kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi zilolezo kuti asinthe fayilo ya crontab. Pali mafayi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zilolezo za crontab:
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
Ngati fayilo /etc/cron.allow ilipo ndiye wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha makina a crontab ayenera kukhala mu fayilo. Ngati fayilo ya cron.allow siilipo koma pali fayilo /etc/cron.deny ndiye wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kukhalapo mu fayilolo.
Ngati mafayilo onsewa alipo ndiye /etc/cron.allow ikuposa fayilo /etc/cron.deny.
Ngati palibe fayi likupezeka ndiye zimadalira kasinthidwe kachitidwe ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusintha crontab.
Wothandizira muzu akhoza kusintha fayilo ya crontab nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lakutsegulira kuti muzisunthira kumtundu wa mzu kapena lamulo lachikondi kuti muyambe lamulo la crontab.
Kusintha Fano la Crontab
Wosuta aliyense amene ali ndi zilolezo angapange mafayilo awo a crontab. Lamulo la cron limayang'ana kukhalapo kwa maofesi angapo a crontab ndikuyendetsa mwa iwo onse.
Kuti muone ngati muli ndi fayilo ya crontab yotsatira lamulo ili:
crontab -l
Ngati mulibe fayilo yofalitsa uthenga "palibe crontab ya
Kupanga kapena kusintha fayilo ya crontab ikutsatira lamulo ili:
crontab -e
Mwachindunji ngati palibe mkonzi wosasinthidwa osankhidwa ndiye mudzafunsidwa kusankha chosinthika mkonzi kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Ndimakonda ndimagwiritsa ntchito nano monga momwe ikugwiritsire ntchito bwino ndipo imachokera ku terminal.
Fayilo yomwe imatsegulidwa ili ndi zambiri zambiri koma gawo lofunika ndilo lingaliro lisanathe mapeto a ndemanga (ndemanga zikufotokozedwa ndi mizere yoyambira ndi #).
# mh dom mon dow lamulo
0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / kunyumba /
Pali zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri zofunikira kuti zigwirizane pa lirilonse la fayilo ya crontab:
- Mphindi tsiku limene lamulo liyenera kuthamanga (m)
- Ola la tsiku lomwe lamulo liyenera kuthamanga (h)
- Tsiku la mwezi lamulo ndikuthamanga (dom)
- Mwezi lamulo ndikuthamanga (mon)
- Tsiku la sabata lamulo ndikuthamanga (dow)
- Lamulo
Pa chinthu chilichonse (kupatulapo lamulo) mukhoza kufotokoza khalidwe la wildcard. Onani chitsanzo chotsatira cha crontab:
30 18 * * tar -cc /var/backups/home.tgz / kunyumba /
Lamulo lapamwambali likunena ndi 30 minutes, maola 18 ndi tsiku lirilonse, mwezi ndi tsiku la sabata kuyendetsa chipika ku zip ndi kuyang'ana fayilo kunyumba / var / backups foda.
Kuti ndipeze lamulo loyendetsa pamphindi 30 kupitirira ora lililonse Ndikhoza kuthamanga lamulo ili:
30 * Lamulira
Kuti mutenge lamulo loyendetsa miniti iliyonse pasanafike 6 koloko masana ndimatha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
* * * Lamulo
Choncho muyenera kusamala kuti mukhazikitse malamulo anu a crontab.
Mwachitsanzo:
* * * Lamulo * 1
Lamulo ili pamwamba likanatha mphindi iliyonse pa ola lililonse tsiku lililonse sabata iliyonse mu Januwale. Ndikukayika kuti ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Kuthamanga lamulo pa 5 am pa 1 Januwale mungapereke lamulo lotsatira ku fayilo ya crontab:
0 5 1 1 * lamulo
Kodi Mungachotse Bwanji Foni ya Crontab?
Nthawi zambiri simukufuna kuchotsa fayilo ya crontab koma mukhoza kuchotsa mizere kuchokera ku fayilo ya crontab.
Komabe ngati mukufuna kuchotsa file ya crontab yanu yogwiritsira ntchito lamulo ili:
crontab -r
Njira yowonjezera yochitira izi ndikuyendetsa lamulo lotsatira:
crontab -i
Izi zikufunsa funso "kodi ndinu wotsimikiza?" musanachotse fayilo ya crontab.