Sungani Mtundu wa Zithunzi Zanu ndi Custom White Balance
Kuwala kuli ndi kutentha kwa mitundu yosiyana ndipo kumasintha tsiku lonse komanso pakati pa magetsi. Kumvetsetsa zoyera ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nawo pa kamera ya DSLR ndikofunikira kuchotsa mtundu wa makina ndi kupanga zithunzi zofiira.
Popanda kamera, sitidziwa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mtundu. Diso la munthu liri bwino pakusintha mtundu wa ubongo ndipo ubongo wathu ukhoza kusintha kuti uzindikire zomwe ziyenera kukhala zoyera pamalo. Komera, kamera, imafuna thandizo!
Kutentha kwa Mitundu
Monga tanena kale, nthawi zosiyana za tsiku ndi magetsi zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha. Kuwala kumayesedwa mu kelvini ndi kuwala kwandale kumapangidwa pa 5000K (kelvini), yofanana ndi tsiku lowala, lamdima.
Mndandanda wa zotsatirazi ndiwotsogolera mtundu wa kutentha kumene amapangidwa ndi magetsi osiyanasiyana.
- 1000-2000K: Candlelight
- 2500-3500K: Kuwala kwa Tungsten (babu wamba wamba)
- 3000-4000K: Kutuluka kwa Sunrise / Sunset (mlengalenga)
- 4000-5000K: Kuwala kwa Fluorescent
- 5000-5500K: Ma Electronic Electronic
- 5000-6500K: Mdima (mlengalenga bwino ndi dzuwa pamwamba)
- 6500-8000K: Chisambo cha Skies (moyenera)
- 9000-10000K: Mvula Yambiri Yamtambo kapena Mthunzi
Nchifukwa chiyani Maonekedwe a Kutentha Ndi Ofunika?
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mtundu wa mtundu ndi zotsatira zake pazithunzi zingakhoze kuwonetsedwa mu nyumba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mababu akuluakulu omwe amawoneka bwino. Mababu awa amapereka kuwala, kasupe ndi lalanje komwe kumakondweretsa diso koma sizinagwire bwino ndi filimu ya mtundu.
Yang'anirani zojambula zakale za banja kuyambira masiku a filimu ndipo muwona kuti ambiri mwa omwe sanagwiritse ntchito gulo ali ndi chikasu chachikasu chophimba fano lonseli. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mafilimu ambiri amtundu wa masana anali oyenerera masana ndipo popanda mafayilo apadera kapena osindikizira apadera, zithunzi sizingasinthe kuchotsa chikasu.
M'zaka za kujambula kwa digito, zinthu zasintha . Makamera ambiri a digito, ngakhalenso mafoni athu, ali ndi kayendedwe kamodzi komwe kamangidwe. Amayesetsa kusintha ndi kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu fano kuti abweretse mawu onse kumalo osalowerera omwe ali ofanana ndi momwe maso a munthu amawonera.
Kamera imakonza kutentha kwa maonekedwe mwa kuyesa malo oyera (osalowerera ndale) a fanolo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chinthu choyera chimakhala ndi chikasu kuchokera ku kuwala kwa tungsten, kamera ikhoza kusinthasintha kutentha kwa mtundu kuti izikhala zoyera poonjezera zambiri pazitsulo za buluu.
Monga momwe teknoloji iliri, kamera imakhalabe yovuta kusintha kusintha koyera bwino ndi chifukwa chake nkofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira zosiyana zoyera zomwe zilipo pa DSLR.
Makhalidwe Oyera Achizungu
Ndiyomwe makamera a DSLR angaphatikizepo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoyera zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusintha mtundu wa mtundu ngati mukufunikira. Zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zonse zimakhala zofanana ndi zonse za DSLRs (fufuzani kamera yanu kuti mudzidziwe ndi zizindikiro).
Zina mwa njirazi ndizopambana kuposa ena ndipo zingafunikire kuwonjezera maphunziro ndi kuchita. Njira zina ndizokonzekera zomwe zimawoneka bwino zomwe zidzasintha mtundu womwewo chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumaperekedwa pa tchati pamwambapa. Cholinga cha aliyense ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mtundu kubwerera ku "kusala kwa dzuwa".
Makhalidwe Oyamba a White White:
- Kuyeza kwa White White (chizindikiro - AWB) chapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo chiyenera kuyatsa kutentha kwabwino m'zinthu zonse koma nyengo zovuta kwambiri.
- Kuwala / Kuwala (chizindikiro - dzuŵa ndi kuwala kwa moto) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "zizolowezi" zowala ndipo ndizofanana ndi zomwe mafilimu ambiri amitundu amagwiritsa ntchito.
- Mafupa (mawonekedwe - mitambo) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa tsiku lachiwombankhanga kuti athe kutentha mtundu wa mtundu.
- Mthunzi (chizindikiro - nyumba yokhala ndi mizere yozungulira yolumikiza pansi) ndi ofanana ndi 'mitambo' yokonzekera ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana bwino mtundu ngati wina sakupeza bwino.
- Koyera (chingwe chophiphiritsira chotsekera pansi) chikukonzedwanso kuti chiwonjezere kutentha kwa mitundu pamene ikugwiritsa ntchito kuwala.
- Tungsten (chizindikiro - buluu lamabulu omwe ali ndi kuwala kowala) angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba zowoneka ngati kuwala kosavuta pamene galimoto yoyera yazimoto siinachotsere chikasu kapena lalanje.
- Mafuta otentha (chizindikiro - yopanda malire omwe amawoneka ngati fulorosenti chubu ndi kuwala kowala) amathandiza m'mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwawotchetche pamene magalimoto oyera amalephera kuchotsa buluu kapena wobiriwira.
Miyeso Yoyera Yoyera:
- Maonekedwe a White White (chizindikiro - awiri awiri okhalapo pambali pawo ndi lalikulu pakati) amalola owerenga kudziyika okha oyera poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito imvi khadi (yomwe ili kuwerenga 18% imvi, pakati pakati pa chowonadi chakuda ndi chenicheni choyera) kapena white card. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula ojambula mu malo pomwe pali zofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mtundu wangwiro (zambiri pamunsimu).
- Kelvin (chizindikiro-K mu rectangle) amakulolani kuyatsa kutentha kwa malonda pa chifuniro, kupereka zotsatira zomveka bwino. Zimathandiza mukadziwa kutentha kwa mtundu wa gwero la kuwala ndikuloleza kusintha kwakukulu kokhazikika.
Mmene Mungakhazikitsire Makhalidwe Oyera Achikhalidwe
Kuyika mwambo woyera kumakhala kosavuta ndipo ndizochita zomwe ojambula kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chochita. Patapita kanthawi ntchitoyi imakhala yachiwiri komanso kuyendetsa mtundu ndikofunika kuyesetsa.
Mudzafunika khadi loyera kapena imvi, yomwe ingagulidwe m'masitolo ambiri a kamera. Izi zalengedwa kuti zisalowerere ndale ndikumakupatsani kuwerengera molondola kwa mtundu wa mtundu. Pomwe palibe khadi loyera, sankhani pepala loyera kwambiri lomwe mungapeze ndikupanga kusintha komweko ndi chingwe cha Kelvin.
Kuyika mwambo woyera zoyenera:
- Ikani kamera ku AWB.
- Ikani khadi loyera kapena imvi kutsogolo kwa phunziroli kotero ilo liri ndi kuwala kwenikweni komwe kumagwera pa iyo monga phunziro likuchitira.
- Sungani kutsogolo (kuganizira moyenera sikofunikira) ndipo khalani pafupi kwambiri kuti khadi idzaze malo onse a chithunzi (china chilichonse chidzasiya kuwerenga).
- Tenga chithunzi. Onetsetsani kuti kutsegula bwino ndi kuti khadi imadzaza fano lonse. Ngati sizolondola, reshoot.
- Yendetsani Kuyimira Makhalidwe Oyera pazithunzi za kamera ndi kusankha chithunzi choyenera cha khadi. Kamerayo idzafunsa ngati ichi ndi chithunzi chomwe chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mwambo woyera woyera: sankhani 'inde' kapena 'ok.'
- Bwererani pamwamba pa kamera, sungani zoyera zoyenera kuti mukhale ndi Custom White Balance.
- Tengani chithunzi china cha phunziro lanu (kumbukirani kutembenuzira autofocus mmbuyo!) Ndipo onani kuti kusintha kwa mtundu. Ngati sizomwe mukuzikonda, bweretsani zonsezi.
Malangizo Otsiriza Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Yoyera
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mukhoza kudalira AWB nthawi zambiri. Izi zimakhala zoona makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito gwero lakutulukira (monga flashgun), monga kuwala komwe sikutulukamo kawirikawiri kumachotsa mtundu uliwonse.
Nkhani zina zingayambitse vuto la AWB , makamaka, zithunzi zomwe zili ndi chilengedwe chofunda kapena chozizira. Kamera ikhoza kusinthana mosamalitsa nkhani izi ngati kuponyera mtundu pa chithunzi ndipo AWB iyesa kusintha momwemo. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mutu umene uli ndi chiwopsezo cha kutentha (maonekedwe ofiira kapena achikasu), kamera ikhoza kuponyera tinge pamwamba pa chithunzicho pofuna kuyesa izi. Inde, zonsezi zimachokera ku kamera yanu ndi mtundu wonyozeka!
Kuunikira kosakanikirana (kuphatikizapo kuwala kwachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo) kungakhalenso kusokoneza kwa AWB mu makamera. Kawirikawiri, ndibwino kuti mwayesetsetsere kuyera koyera kwa kuwala kozungulira, komwe kudzapangitsa chirichonse kuyatsa ndi kuwala kozungulira. Thoko lofunda limakhala lokongola kwa diso kusiyana ndi mazira ozizira komanso ozizira.