Tanthauzo la kutsegula
Mwachidule, chovala chimakhudzana ndi makensera a kamera otsegula kapena kutsekedwa kuti alole kapena kuletsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala. Majekensi a DSLR ali ndi iris mkati mwawo, yomwe idzatsegule ndi kutseka kuti kulola kuwala kwina kukafike kumsewu wa kamera. Chombo cha kamera chimayesedwa muzitsulo za f.
Kutsegula kuli ndi ntchito ziwiri pa DSLR. Kuwonjezera pa kulamulira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumene kudutsa mu disolo, kumayambitsanso mdima wambiri.
Mukamajambula zithunzi ndi makamera apamwamba, mudzafuna kumvetsetsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito malonda a kamera, mutha kusintha kwambiri momwe zithunzi zanu zimawonekera.
Mtundu wa F-Stops
Mapepala a F amapita kudera lalikulu, makamaka pa DSLR lenses. Mawerengedwe anu ochepa ndi otalikira a f-stop adzadalira, komabe, pa lens yanu yapamwamba. Mtengo wazithunzi ukhoza kugwa pogwiritsa ntchito malo ochepa (pali zambiri m'munsimu), ndipo opanga amatha kuchepetsa kutsika kwa maselo ena, malingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake.
Malonda ambiri amatha kuchoka pa f3.5 mpaka f22, koma f-stop range yomwe imawoneka kumalingo osiyanasiyana ikhoza kukhala f1.2, f1.4, f1.8, f2, f2.8, f3.5, f4, f4 .5, f5.6, f6.3, f8, f9, f11, f13, f16, f22, f32 kapena f45.
DSLRs imakhala ndi mafasho ambiri kuposa makamera ambiri a mafilimu.
Kutsegula ndi Kuzama kwa Munda
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ntchito yosavuta yoyamba yoyamba: Icho chimayang'anitsitsa kukula kwa munda wanu kamera.
Kuzama kwa munda kumangotanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa fano lanu kumagwirizana bwanji ndi phunziro lanu. Dothi laling'ono lamasamba lidzapangitsa phunziro lanu lakuthwa, pomwe china chirichonse pambuyo ndi m'mbuyo chidzakhala chosasuntha. Kuzama kwakukulu kwa munda kumapangitsa kuti chithunzi chanu chikhale chakuthwa kwambiri.
Mumagwiritsa ntchito dothi laling'ono kuti mujambula zinthu monga zodzikongoletsera, ndi kuya kwakukulu kwa malo ndi malo ofanana. Koma palibe lamulo lovuta kapena lachangu, ndipo zambiri mwa kusankha malo abwino a munda zimachokera ku chikhalidwe chanu chomwe mungakwaniritse nkhani yanu.
Pofika f-stops kupita, dera laling'ono la munda likuyimiridwa ndi nambala yaing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, f1.4 ndi nambala yaing'ono ndipo idzakupatsani malo ochepa. Kuzama kwakukulu kwa munda kumaimiridwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu, monga f22.
Kutsegula ndi Kuwonetsa
Apa ndi pamene zingasokoneze ...
Pamene tikutchula "malo ochepa", f-stop yoyenera idzakhala nambala yochuluka. Choncho, f22 ndi malo ochepa, pamene f1.4 ndi malo aakulu. Ndizosokoneza kwambiri komanso zopanda nzeru kwa anthu ambiri popeza dongosolo lonse likuoneka kuti likubwerera kutsogolo!
Komabe, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndikuti, pa f1.4, iris ndi yotseguka ndipo imatulutsa kuwala. Choncho ndi malo aakulu.
Njira inanso yothandizira kukumbukira izi ndi kuzindikira kuti kutsegula kwenikweni kumagwirizana ndi equation komwe kutalika kwake kumagawidwa ndi kutuluka m'mimba mwake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi lenti 50mm ndipo iris ili lotseguka, mukhoza kukhala ndi dzenje lomwe limayeza 25mm m'mimba mwake. Choncho, 50mm yogawidwa ndi 25mm ikufanana 2. Izi zimasulira f-stop f2. Ngati malowa ali ochepa (mwachitsanzo 3mm), ndiye kugawa 50 ndi 3 kumatipatsa f-stop f16.
Malo osintha amatchulidwa kuti "kuimitsa" (ngati mukupangitse kuti malo anu akhale ochepa) kapena "kutsegula" (ngati mukupanga malo anu aakulu).
Ubale & # 39; s Ubale ndi Kuthamanga Kwambiri ndi ISO
Popeza kutsegula kumalamulira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumabwera kudzera mu lens pa makina a kamera, zimakhudza kuwonetsedwa kwa fano. Kuthamanga kwachisindikizo , kumalinso, kumakhudza kuwonetsetsa chifukwa ndiyeso ya nthawi yomwe shutter ya kamera imatsegulidwa.
Choncho, komanso kusankha zazomwe mumapanga kudzera mumalo anu okhala, muyenera kukumbukira momwe kuwala kukulowera pamaliro. Ngati mukufuna malo ochepa a munda ndikusankha malo a f2.8, mwachitsanzo, ndiye kuti msangamsanga wothamanga uyenera kukhala wofulumira kwambiri kuti wotsekemera asatsegulidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingachititse kuti chithunzicho chikhale chowopsa.
Kuthamanga kwachangu msanga (monga 1/1000) kumakulepheretsani kuchitapo kanthu, ngakhale kuthamanga kwautali kotalika (mwachitsanzo masekondi 30) kumalola kujambula usiku popanda kuwala. Zonsezi zimakhala zoyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kulipo. Ngati kutalika kwa munda ndizofunikira kwambiri (ndipo nthawi zambiri zidzakhala), ndiye mukhoza kusintha msangamsanga wothamanga.
Mogwirizana ndi izi, tikhoza kusintha ISO ya chithunzithunzi chathu kuti tithandizire ndi zowala. Wapamwamba ISO (woimiridwa ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba) adzatiloleza ife kuwombera pansi pa zowala zochepa popanda kusintha masitima athu othamanga ndi kutsegula. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti chiwerengero cha ISO chokwanira chidzachititsa kuti pakhale tirigu wambiri (wotchedwa "phokoso" mu kujambula kwajambulajambula), ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zithunzi kungakhale koonekera.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndimangosintha ISO ngati njira yomaliza.