Phunziroli likufotokozera luso lamakono otsegula intaneti . Kwa iwo omwe sali okhudzidwa ndi zinthu zamakono, pitani ku zotsatirazi:
- Kugwira Ntchito ndi Mauthenga a IP
IPv4 ndi IPv6
Pulogalamu ya Internet Protocol (IP) inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970 pofuna kuthandizira makina oyambirira a kafukufuku wa makompyuta . Lero, IP yakhala yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi kuntchito ndi malonda. Mawotchi athu a pa intaneti , mawebusaiti a pawebusaiti , mapulogalamu a imelo, mapulogalamu a pakompyuta - onse amadalira IP kapena zina zotetezedwa pulogalamu pamwamba pa IP .
Mapulogalamu awiri a IP apamwamba alipo lero. Makompyuta amtundu wamakono amagwiritsa ntchito IP version 4 (IPv4), koma ma intaneti ena, makamaka omwe amapanga masukulu ndi maphunziro, atengera mbadwo wotsatira IP version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 Kutchula Kulemba
Adilesi ya IPv4 ili ndi mayina anayi (32). Madontho amenewa amadziwika kuti ma octets .
Pofuna kukwanitsa kuwerenga, anthu amagwira ntchito ndi ma Adresse a IP mu ndondomeko yotchedwa dotted decimal . Kulemba uku kumaika nthawi pakati pa manambala anayi (octets) omwe ali ndi adilesi ya IP. Mwachitsanzo, aderi ya IP imene makompyuta amawona
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
lalembedwa mu dotted decimal monga
- 10.0.0.1
Chifukwa chakuti otelo lililonse lili ndi mabakiti asanu ndi atatu, octet iliyonse imakhala ndi ma intaneti omwe ali ndi phindu kuyambira pa 0 kufika pa 255. Choncho, maulendo onse a IP akuchokera ku 0.0.0.0 mpaka 255.255.255.255 . Izi zikuyimira ma intaneti angapo 4,294,967,296.
IPv6 Kutchula Kulemba
Ma Adresse a IP amasintha kwambiri ndi IPv6. Ma IPv6 ali ndi maekala 16 (makilogalamu 128) motalika kuposa ma byte anayi (32). Kukula kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti IPv6 imathandiza zoposa
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
mayankho omwe angathe! Monga chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha mafoni a m'manja ndi magetsi ena ogulitsa amalumikiza maukonde awo ndipo amafuna ma adresse awo, malo ang'onoang'ono a IPv4 adzalowera ndipo IPv6 idzakhala yoyenera.
Ma IPv6 amalembedwa mu mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhh: hhhh: hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
Muzidziwitso zonsezi , awiriawiri a IPv6 byte amasiyanitsidwa ndi coloni ndipo maulendo awiri aliwonse amayang'aniridwa ngati nambala ya chiwerengero cha hexadecimal , monga mwa chitsanzo chotsatira:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, IPv6 amalephera kukhala ndi maofesi ambiri omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha zero. Kulemba mwachidule mu IPv6 kumachotsa malemba awa kuchokera kuzinthu zoimira (ngakhale mayinawa adakalipo pa adiresi yeniyeni) motere:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Potsiriza, maadiresi ambiri a IPv6 ndi mazenera a IPv4 maadiresi. Pazifukwa izi, maofesi anai a IPv6 (awiri ovomerezeka awiri) angathe kuwerengedwanso ku IPv4. Kutembenuza chitsanzo chapamwambachi kwa zokolola zosakaniza
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
Ma IPV6 akhoza kulembedwa pamtundu uliwonse, wamfupi kapena wosakanizidwa womwe uli pamwambapa.