Ndi Deb Shinder ndi chilolezo kuchokera ku WindowSecurity.com
Kukwanitsa kufotokoza deta - zonsezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kugwiritsa ntchito IPSec ) ndi deta yosungidwa pa diski (kugwiritsa ntchito Encrypting File System ) popanda kufunika kwa pulogalamu yapadera ndi imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa Windows 2000 ndi XP / 2003 pa kale Microsoft machitidwe opangira. Mwamwayi, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito pa Windows samagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zotetezera, kapena akamagwiritsa ntchito, samamvetsetsa zomwe akuchita, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso zomwe amachita zabwino kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi, ndikukambirana za EFS: ntchito yake, zovuta zake, ndi momwe zingagwirizane ndi dongosolo lanu lonse la chitetezo.
Kukwanitsa kufotokoza deta - zonsezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kugwiritsa ntchito IPSec) ndi deta yosungidwa pa diski (kugwiritsa ntchito Encrypting File System) popanda kufunika kwa pulogalamu yapadera ndi imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa Windows 2000 ndi XP / 2003 pa kale Microsoft machitidwe opangira. Mwamwayi, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito pa Windows samagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zotetezera, kapena akamagwiritsa ntchito, samamvetsetsa zomwe akuchita, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso zomwe amachita zabwino kwambiri.
Ndinakambirana za kugwiritsa ntchito IPSec m'nkhani yapitayi; mu nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kulankhula za EFS: ntchito yake, zovuta zake, ndi momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito dongosolo lanu lotetezera chitetezo.
Cholinga cha EFS
Microsoft inapanga EFS kupereka chitukuko chachinsinsi chomwe chidzagwiritse ntchito ngati "mtundu wotsiriza wa chitetezo" kutetezera deta yanu yosungidwa kwa oyendetsa. Ngati wochenjera wochenjera amatha kudutsa njira zina zopezera chitetezo - amachititsa kupyolera muwotchi yanu (kapena kupeza pakompyuta), kugonjetsa zilolezo zothandizira kupeza maudindo - EFS ikhoza kumuletsa kuti asathe kuwerenga deta chikalata cholembedwera. Izi ndi zoona pokhapokha munthu wokhomerera atatha kulembapo monga wogwiritsa ntchitoyo polemba chilemba (kapena, mu Windows XP / 2000, wina wogwiritsa ntchito amene wagawana nawo mwayi).
Pali njira zina zokopera deta pa disk. Amalonda ambiri a mapulogalamu amapanga zinthu zosungiramo deta zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana a Windows. Izi zikuphatikizapo ScramDisk, SafeDisk ndi PGPDisk. Zina mwa izi zimagwiritsira ntchito kufotokozera zamkati kapena kupanga galimoto yoyendetsedwa bwino, kumene deta yonse yosungidwa mu magawo amenewo kapena pa galimoto imeneyo imakhala yolembedwera. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a fayilo, zomwe zimakulowetsani ma data anu pa fayilo-file-fileyi mosasamala kumene akukhala. Zina mwa njira izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi kuteteza deta; Pulogalamuyi imalowetsamo pamene mukuyimira fayiloyi ndipo imayenera kubwezeretsedwanso. EFS imagwiritsa ntchito zilembo za digito zomwe zimagwirizana ndi akaunti ya eni ake kuti mudziwe ngati fayilo ikhoza kuchotsedwa.
Microsoft inakonza EFS kuti ikhale yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo imakhaladi yoonekera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kulemba fayilo - kapena foda yonse - ndi kosavuta ngati kufufuza bokosi lazitsulo muzithunzithunzi zapamwamba zapangidwe.
Dziwani kuti kufotokozera kwa EFS kumapezeka kokha pa mafayilo ndi mafoda omwe ali pa ma DVD oyendetsedwa ndi NTFS . Ngati galimotoyo imapangidwira mu FAT kapena FAT32, sipadzakhalanso batani Yapamwamba pa pepala la Properties. Onaninso kuti ngakhale kuti zosankha zokakamiza kapena kufotokozera fayilo / foda zimayikidwa pazowonongeka monga mabotcheru, iwo amagwira ntchito ngati makatani anu m'malo mwake; ndiko kuti, ngati muyang'ana chimodzi, chimzakecho sichimasinthidwa mosavuta. Fayilo kapena foda sizingathe kulembedwa ndi kupanikizidwa panthawi yomweyo.
Pamene fayilo kapena foda yayimilidwa, kusiyana koonekera kokha ndikoti maofesi / mafayilo owombedwa amawonekera mu Explorer mu mtundu wosiyana, ngati bokosi lowonetsera kuti liwonetsedwe kapena kuponderezedwa mafayilo a NTFS mumasankhidwe amasankhidwa mu Folder Options (yokonzedwa kudzera ndi Zida Zowonjezera Folder | Onani tabu mu Windows Explorer).
Wosuta yemwe adalembapo chilembacho sayenera kudandaula za kubwezeretsamo kuti awulandire. Pamene atsegula, zimangowonongeka mosavuta - pokhapokha ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi akaunti yofanana ndi yomwe imasindikizidwa. Ngati wina ayesera kulumikiza, komatu chikalatacho sichidzatsegulidwa ndipo uthenga udzadziwitsa wothandizira kuti akwaniritsidwe.
Nchiyani chikuchitika pansi pa Hood?
Ngakhale kuti EFS ikuwoneka mophweka kwa wosuta, pali zambiri zomwe zikuchitika pansi pa hood kuti zonsezi zichitike. Zonse zofanana (fungulo lachinsinsi) ndi asymmetric (public key) encryption zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira kuti zigwiritse ntchito phindu ndi zovuta za aliyense.
Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito kale akugwiritsa ntchito EFS kuti afotokoze fayilo, akaunti ya osuta imapatsidwa awiri ofunika (chifungulo cha anthu ndi makina oyimilira aumwini), omwe amapangidwa ndi mautumiki apamwamba - ngati pali CA yomwe yaikidwa pa intaneti - kapena inasaina ndi EFS. Chifungulo chachinsinsi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chikhombetsedwe ndipo fungulo lachinsinsi likugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ...
Kuti muwerenge nkhani yonseyo ndikuwonani zithunzi zonse zazikuluzikulu zowonjezera apa: Kodi EFS Ikulumikiza Pomwe Mukukonzekera?